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© in This Web Service Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03172-2 - Emperors and Bishops in Late Roman Invective Richard Flower Index More information Index Aaron (Old Testament priest), 198 , 203 Alexandria, 83 , 92 , 113 , 114 , 118–23 , 141 , 168 , 196 , Abel (son of Adam), 203 217 , 224 , 226 Abraham (Old Testament patriarch), 152 , Council of (362), 224 155n.124 , 187 , 199 , 203 , 207 Allectus (usurper), 41n.43 , 97 , 135n.35 acclamations, 42 , 221 Altar of Victory controversy, 78n.1 , 128n.1 Achillas, bishop of Alexandria, 217 Altercatio Heracliani cum Germinio , 1–6 , 26 , Achilles (Homeric hero), 46 , 47n.71 , 48n.77 , 32 , 230 50 , 107 Ambrose, bishop of Milan, 21 , 75n.201 , 76 , acta , see martyr literature 78n.1 , 82n.9 , 128n.1 , 131 , 226 , 228 Acta Appiani , 148n.84 as ‘patristic’ author, 13 Acts of the Pagan Martyrs , 148n.84 Ammianus Marcellinus (historian), 41n.40 , Adam (fi rst man), 203 52n.98 , 58n.127 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 103 , 104 , 106 , Adrianople, battle of (378), 225 124 , 209n.128 , 209n.129 , 211n.142 aduentus , 29 , 45 , 221 Amorites (biblical tribe), 5 of Athanasius into Alexandria (346), 121–3 Amos (Old Testament prophet), 198 of Athanasius into Alexandria (362), 122–3 Ananias (Jewish High Priest), 4n.14 of Constantius II into Rome, 41n.40 , Ananias (or Hananiah, Old Testament 58n.127 persecuted fi gure), 201 episcopal, 118–23 , 161–2 Antichrist, 62n.143 , 64n.150 , 68 , 100 , 113 , 143 , of Eusebius of Vercelli, 161–2 186 , 198 , 199 , 208 , 213 , 214–16 , 228 imperial, 41 , 117–18 Antioch, 33 , 35 , 41n.41 , 44 , 53 , 84 , 186n.27 , 225 inverted, 118–21 Council of (338/9), 118 Aelius Aristides (orator), 37n.25 Council of (341), 80 , 129 Aeneas (Homeric hero), 64n.153 Riot of the Statues (387), 42n.44 , 75 Aeschines (orator), 48n.77 , 50 , 52 Antiochus IV (Seleucid king), 144 Aethiopians, 73 Antonius, Lucius (brother of Mark Antony), Agamemnon (Homeric hero), 107 137n.42 Agesilaus II (king of Sparta), 75 Antonius, Marcus, see Mark Antony Agrigentum, 49 Antony (monk), 13 , 22–3 , 114 , 132 , 155 Agrippinus (‘Homoian’ interlocutor), 2 Aphrodisias (Asia minor), 45 Ahab (king of Israel), 110 , 111–12 , 142 , 145 , 186–7 , Aphthonius (rhetorician), 37n.22 , 50 , 89n.36 , 196 , 228 97n.78 , 104 Ajax (Homeric hero), 48n.77 , 107 Apollo, Temple of (at Daphne), 41n.41 Alexander (heretic), 185 Aquileia, Council of (381), 233n.8 Alexander (lawyer in Martyrdom of Pionius ), Arcadius (emperor), 57 , 59–61 , 65 , 76 , 149n.89 103n.113 Alexander III (king of Macedon), 49 , 75 , 146 Arena, Valentina, 56 compared with Constantine I, 73–4 , 75 , Arianism, 3 , 80–1 78–9 construction of, 12 , 14–16 , 20 , 30–2 , 83n.17 , Alexander, bishop of Alexandria, 82 , 178–80 , 217 92 , 178–80 , 183–8 , 189–219 as martyr, 153 supported by Constantine I, 92–3 284 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03172-2 - Emperors and Bishops in Late Roman Invective Richard Flower Index More information Index 285 Arians as ‘patristic’ author, 10–11 , 13 Ariminum, Council of (359), 3 , 14 , 80 , as pillar of orthodoxy, 7 , 84 , 93 , 94 , 113 , 155 , 96n.76 , 161n.148 , 205n.112 , 209 , 211–12 , 240 215n.158 , 249 use of Scripture by, 24 , 178–82 , 183–8 , 189–90 , called Ariomaniacs, 157–8 , 190 , 226 , 243 191–9 , 200–1 , 203–6 , 217–19 , 222–4 as henchmen of Constantius II, 100 , 110 self-presentation, 22 , 29–32 , 92 , 121–3 , 127–34 , as persecutors, 155–62 , 207–17 , 226 139–43 , 146–8 , 151–3 , 155 , 162–3 , 176–7 , Aristophanes (friend of Libanius), 34 180–2 , 183 , 190 , 196–9 , 200–1 , 203–6 , Aristotle (philosopher), 75 , 81n.9 217–19 , 222–4 Arius (presbyter), 14–16 , 82 , 92 , 142 , 185 , 203 , as violent persecutor, 120–1 , 188–9 206n.121 , 215 , 227 Athens, 33 , 44 , 51 death, 178–80 , 190n.41 Augustine, bishop of Hippo, 36 , 37 Th alia , 185n.24 , 194–5 , 216n.164 , 223 Augustus (emperor), 44 , 48n.77 , 62 , 95 , Ark of the Covenant, 114n.162 97n.80 asceticism, 22–3 , 132 Res Gestae , 98n.83 Asclepas, bishop of Gaza, 121n.193 Aurelian (emperor), 66 , 90 Asterius (‘Arian’ theologian), 153 , 185 Aurelianus (Nicene layman), 1 , 3 Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria Ausonius, Decim(i)us Magnus (poet), 34 , Ad episcopos Aegypti et Libyae , 152–3 , 179n.4 , 39n.32 , 75 , 183 185n.22 , 185n.25 , 186 , 195n.75 , 198–9 , Professores , 34n.5 201n.95 , 204 , 217–18 authority aduentus into Alexandria (346), 121–3 ascetic, 22–3 , 25n.90 , 132 , 182 aduentus into Alexandria (362), 122–3 biblical, 223–4 Apologia ad Constantium , 99 , 100n.97 , 101–2 , charismatic, 130–3 110n.140 , 110n.142 , 225 episcopal, 127–34 , 139–77 , 178–219 , Apologia contra Arianos , 92n.53 , 118n.178 , 220–4 119–20 exegetical, 182 , 189–96 , 200–7 , 223–4 and asceticism, 203–4 imperial, 35–44 , 46–9 , 53–61 , 78–117 , 123–6 , audience for invectives, 87–9 220–2 biography, 82–3 invectivist, 53–61 , 127–77 , 222 on the Council of Nicaea, 13 martyrial, 25–6 , 29–30 , 112–17 , 118–21 , 127–34 , De decretis , 153n.113 , 184–6 , 190n.47 , 192 , 193 , 139–77 , 212–17 , 222–3 194 , 195n.73 , 203 , 204n.110 , 205–6 scriptural, 178–207 De fuga , 86n.30 , 141–3 , 147n.80 , 152 Auxentius, bishop of Milan, 84 , 207–17 , 224 , De morte Arii , 178–80 , 199n.87 250 , 252–3 De sententia Dionysii , 142 , 186 , 189 , 194–5 , Ayres, Lewis, 250 199n.87 , 206n.121 Azarias (or Azariah, Old Testament persecuted De synodis , 14n.48 , 129n.4 , 205n.112 fi gure), 201 education, 85–6 Encyclical Epistle , 83n.15 , 118–21 , 141 , 142 , 151 , Babylon, 62 , 159 , 201 196–7 , 203 Babylonians, 141 Epistula ad monachos , 88n.35 Barabbas (biblical villain), 5 , 110 , 185 exile, 80 , 82–3 , 92 , 141–3 , 225 Barak (Old Testament general), 152 Festal Letters , 141 Barnes, Timothy, 15 , 85 , 121 , 184 , 252 History of the Arians , 7 , 21n.70 , 24n.84 , 32 , Bartsch, Shadi, 39 83 , 86n.30 , 87 , 89–115 , 121–3 , 124n.204 , 128 , Bashan (biblical land), 5 141 , 143n.70 , 147n.80 , 151–2 , 155 , 179n.5 , Basil, bishop of Caesarea, 33 , 228 208n.124 Address to Young Men , 16n.60 as invectivist, 6 , 7 , 8 , 16–19 , 20 , 23 , 26–7 , 28–9 , Bauer, Walter, 9 , 13 78–117 , 123–6 , 151–3 , 155 , 220–2 , 227–9 B é ziers, Council of (c . 356), 83 Life of Antony , 22–3 , 86 , 132 , 152 , 155 Bordeaux, 34n.5 as martyr, 25 Boyarin, Daniel, 87 Orationes contra Arianos , 153n.113 , 182 , 184–6 , Brakke, David, 22 , 203–4 187–8 , 189–90 , 191–4 , 197–8 , 199 , 201 , 203 , Britain, 97 205 , 205n.110 Britons, 73 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03172-2 - Emperors and Bishops in Late Roman Invective Richard Flower Index More information 286 Index Brown, Peter, 12 , 16 , 25 , 34 , 177 as impious persecutor, 92–3 , 94 , 124 , 125 , 132 Brutus, Marcus Junius (assassin of Caesar), intervention in Arian controversy, 14 , 90–2 137n.41 Oration before the Assembly of the Saints , 202 praised by Eusebius of Caesarea, 17 , 28 , Caecilian, bishop of Carthage, 100n.97 , 131 , 42n.45 , 69–74 , 78–9 , 91 , 92 , 98–9 , 102 , 107 , 148n.83 125 , 145 , 222 Caesarius (brother of Gregory of Nazianzus), 19 praised in the Panegyrici Latini , 41 , 42 , 47 , Cagliari, 84 , 133 49n.79 , 73 , 89 , 97 , 98 , 101 , 102 , 104n.121 , Caiaphas (Jewish High Priest), 141 , 185 , 189 , 122 , 135 190n.41 , 196 reign as turning point, 12 , 17 , 19 , 21 , 68 , 75 , Cain (son of Adam), 111 , 114 131 Caligula (emperor), 58n.127 , 66 , 94 victory at the Milvian Bridge (312), 67 , 72–3 , Cameron, Averil, 8 , 9 , 15 74 , 94 , 108 , 145 Cappadocia, 156 , 243 vision, 107 Carausius (usurper), 135n.35 Constantine II (emperor), 42n.45 , 79 , 80 , 90 , Carolingians, 9 95n.72 Carthage, 3 , 131 Constantinople, 57 , 58 , 76n.207 Council of (256), 100n.94 Council of (360), 14 , 80 , 84 , 208 , 209 , 211 , 225 Castelli, Elizabeth, 165 Council of (381), 14 , 77 Catiline (Roman rebel), 29 , 137–9 Constantius I (emperor), 41n.43 , 42n.45 , cento , 183 66n.159 , 90 , 91n.48 , 97 , 98n.83 , Chaeronea, battle of (338 bc ), 51 122 Christianus sum (martyrial statement), 166–8 Constantius II (emperor), 6 , 21n.70 , 27 , 28 , Chronicon Paschale , 96n.77 , 107n.131 , 108 , 125 52n.98 , 243 Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 8 , 24 , 55 , 148 , 163 , 176 aduentus into Rome, 41n.40 , 58n.127 Catilinarians , 137–9 , 221 biography, 79–81 In Pisonem , 136n.39 death, 208 , 224 , 249 , 250 as invectivist, 51n.95 , 52 , 54 , 56 , 136–40 as ideal ruler, 107–8 , 121 , 125 In Verrem , 35n.11 as recipient of invective, 20 , 28–9 , 52 , 78–126 , Philippics , 29 , 35n.11 , 54 , 67 , 136–40 , 221 127–34 , 140–8 , 150–5 , 163–76 , 186–8 , Pro Archia , 136n.39 191n.52 , 198 , 199–200 , 201–2 , 208 , 212 , 213 , Pro Roscio , 211n.140 215 , 217 , 220–3 writings used by Lactantius, 64 , 65 , 78 as recipient of panegyric, 44n.54 , 75 , 89 , 90 , Cinna, Lucius Cornelius (Republican 95–6 , 107 politician), 94 , 137n.42 religious policy, 8 , 14 , 15 , 80–1 , 240 , 242 circumcellions, 131 role in dynastic massacre (337), 95–6 Cittinus (African martyr), 3 unusual eff usion of invectives during reign, ciuilitas , 39 , 40 227–9 Claudian (poet), 48 , 52 , 76 , 221 Constantius III (emperor), 118n.177 De consulatu Stilichonis , 57n.121 Cooper, Kate, 164 In Eutropium , 20 , 50n.83 , 52n.96 , 54n.109 , Corbeill, Anthony, 56 56–9 , 65 Cornelius, bishop of Rome, 171–3 In Rufi num , 58n.122 Cowley, Abraham, 220 Claudianus (consul 180), 3 creeds Claudius II Gothicus (emperor), 89–90 , 93 ‘Dated’ (Sirmium 359), 80 Clodius Pulcher, Publius (Roman politician), 52 ‘Dedication’ (Antioch 341), 80 , 129 Commodus (emperor), 66
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