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J Oshua Burrows Hyde SPACE CHRONICLE A BRITISH INTERPLANETARY SOCIETY PUBLICATION Vol. 71 No.3 2018 JOSHUABURROWSHYDE: The American Connection and the British Hale Rocket Also: THERRRZ20LOX/ LIQUIDHYDROGEN ENGINEPROJECT – a personal memoir ISBN 978-0-9567382-2-6 NOVEMBER 201841 Submitting papers to From the editor SPACE CHRONICLE THIS MONTH’S EDITION of Space Chronicle contains another contribution from Frank Winter in the USA – an established expert on pre-20th century rocket Space Chronicle welcomes the submission history. I have known Frank for, it must be around 40 years. He was a curator at for publication of technical articles of general the National Air and Space Museum in the Smithsonian Institute in Washington interest, historical contributions and reviews while I was the curator of space technology at the Science Museum here in in space science and technology, astronautics London. and related fields. The second paper is by Alan Bond who I am sure needs no introduction to you. It GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS is a personal story of his early work at Rolls Royce mainly related to his input to the RZ20 liquid hydrogen motor originally intended as a high energy upper stage ■ As concise as the content allows – for the second generation Europa rocket, but true to form the British Government typically 5,000 to 6,000 words. Shorter backed out of the project in the early 1970. Again I have known Alan for many papers will also be considered. Longer years, although not as long as I have known Frank! papers will only be considered in exceptional circumstances and, at the It appears there are likely to be four editions of Space Chronicle in 2019, two discretion of the Editor, may be split into devoted to papers from the annual Russian/Sino Forum run by David Shayler and parts. two general editions edited by me. These latter two will appear in July and October ■ Source references should be inserted in 2019. Because of the date we are intending to devote the July edition to Apollo 11 the text in square brackets [X] and then and in particular to the input by British scientists and engineers to the project. If listed at the end of the paper. you have a story to tell I would love to hear from you. Also we would still like to push the pleas in my last editorial for shorter papers to give a wider scope of topics ■ Illustration references should be cited in in each edition. numerical order in the text as ‘Fig.X’; those not cited in the text risk omission. Thank you for your support in the past, keep the papers coming. ■ Captions must be labelled with their Fig. John Becklake number and should be as short as possible. ■ Illustrations should be: – colour or mono, but should be as close to print resolution (300 dpi) as possible. – poor-quality illustrations may compromise the acceptance of paper for publication. – images embedded in Word documents may be acceptable, but the Editor reserves the right to request separate image files from the author prior to publication. ■ Responsibility for copyright clearance rests entirely with the author. ■ Submission of papers for consideration should be sent by email to chronicle@ bis.space.com as a Word document or editable PDF file, along with any separate image files. ■ If a paper is accepted for publication, the author will be asked to sign a License to Publish form. This can be downloaded at www.bis-space.com/wp-content/ uploads/2012/08/WebsiteLicense.pdf Authors will receive a complimentary copy of the issue in which their paper appears. Editor John Becklake Production MP3 Media Promotion Gill Norman Office BIS, Arthur C. We respectfully ask authors to adhere Clarke House, 27-29 South Lambeth Road, London, SW8 1SZ, UK to these guidelines. Failure to do so will Telephone +44 (0)20 7735 3160 Email [email protected] Website www.bis-space.com result in the delay of acceptable papers for Distribution Space Chronicle is distributed worldwide by mail and may be received by annual publication. subscription or purchase of single copies. It is available through membership of the British Interplanetary Society at much reduced rates. Subscription details for members, non-members Our full Guidelines for Authors can be and libraries are available from the above address. downloaded from www.bis-space.com Space Chronicle is a publication that promotes the mission of the British Interplanetary Society. Opinions expressed in signed articles are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editor or the Council of the British Interplanetary Society. Security clearance, where necessary, is the responsibility of the author. FRONT COVER (1) Enhanced CORONA photograph Published by the British Interplanetary Society. Registered Company No: 402498. Registered of the N1 launch site at Tyuratam, February-March Charity No: 250556. Printed by Latimer Trend, Estover Road, Plymouth, PL6 7PY, England. 1966; (2) photograph of an N1 rocket approaching © 2018 British Interplanetary Society. No part of this publication may be reproduced or the launch pad from the scrapbook of N1 engineer transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or valentin Lieberman; and (3) Project Chevaline recording by any information storage or retrieval system without prior permission from the improved front end. Publishers. 42 SPACE CHRONICLE A BRITISH INTERPLANETARY SOCIETY PUBLICATION Vol. 71 No.1 2018 Contents 97 JOSHUABURROWSHYDE(1809-1887) The American Connection and the British Hale Rocket Frank H. Winter 126 THERZ20LOX/LIQUIDHYDROGENENGINEPROJECT – a personal memoir Alan Bond OUR MISSION STATEMENT The British Interplanetary Society promotes the exploration and use of space for the benefit of humanity, connecting people to create, educate and inspire, and advance knowledge in all aspects of astronautics. 95 Contributors Frank H. Winter is the retired Curator of Rocketry of the National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. In addition to numerous articles and papers, Winter is the author of several books, including: Prelude to the Space Age: The Rocket Societies 1924-1940 (1983); Comet Watch: The Return of Halley’s Comet (1986); The First Golden Age of Rocketry: Congreve and Hale Rockets of the Nineteenth Century (1991); Rockets into Space (1991), and America’s First Rocket Company: Reaction Motors, Inc. (2017). He also co-authored, with Frank R. van der Linden, 100 Years of Flight: A Chronicle of Aerospace History 1903-2003 (2003); with van der Linden and Dominick Pisano, Chuck Yeager and the Bell X-1 — Breaking the Sound Barrier (2006); and with Frederick I. Ordway III, Pioneering American Rocketry: The Reaction Motors, Inc. (RMI) Story, 1941-1972 (2015). The 100 Years of Flight book was based upon the monthly “Out of the Past” column in Aerospace America, started in 1972. In addition, he was the volume editor of History of Rocketry and Astronautics, AAS History Series, Volume 28 (2008). Winter is a Fellow of the British Interplanetary Society, and a member of the History Committee of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and the History Committee of the American Astronautical Society. He retired from the Smithsonian in 2007 and is presently a freelance writer and museum consultant. Alan Bond joined Rolls-Royce in 1963 as an engineering apprentice. In 1968 he became Head of the R-R Cryogenic Rocket Performance Office under Viv Wallace. With the decline of the UK rocket industry he moved to British Aircraft Corporation in 1972 engaged on classified work. In 1976 he joined the UK Atomic Energy Authority working on nuclear fusion and also advanced space propulsion with Tony Martin. He and Tony led the BIS Project Daedalus 1973-1978. In 1982 he initiated work leading to the HOTOL project in 1987. With John Scott-Scott and Richard Varvill, Alan formed Reaction Engines Ltd in 1989. Alan retired in 2017 aged 73. 96 Space Chronicle, Vol. 71, pp.97-125, 2018 Joshua Burrows Hyde (1809-1887) The American Connection and the British Hale Rocket FRANK H. WINTER 1. Introduction Previous articles as well as a portion of book by the author on the British Hale war rocket of the 19th century focussed upon the technology of the rocket itself as well as on the biographical details of Hale and how he was led to develop his then, revolu- tionary rocket. Briefly, it was “revolutionary” in two respects: (1), Hale evolved a workable way to “stabilize” the rocket in flight and at the same time to dispense with the cumbersome “stabilizing stick” of the older Congreve type war rocket, by creating spin-sta- bilization; and (2), Hale also introduced the “hydraulic ram” for loading in the gunpowder propellant charge in the rocket body, or case, and thus supplanted the so-called manually operated “monkey press” in which a large and weighty cylinder was raised within a tall framework by wheel and chain gear arrangement and allowed to drop at different intervals for loading the rockets.[1] Fig. 1 Hale rockets: the classic version (left) and a model c.1844. Mainly, the emphasis in Part 1 of Carl E. Franklin’s 1998 arti- cle is upon the fine details of Hale’s rockets and equipment. Each plates on Congreve and Hale rockets and ancillary equipment was caliber of rocket, as used by the British, is extremely well cov- well as uniforms by British rocket troops, although Hale’s rockets ered. Part 2, published in the Journal of the British Interplanetary are only treated from 1867, on pp. 125-182. The present article is Society, Vol. 52, for July/August 1999, pp. 259-266, surveys their therefore the first article to comprehensively treat the history of employment by the British in major and minor wars, although Hale rockets strictly from the American side, particularly as they only starting with the Abyssinian Expedition of 1867, the year in were first deployed in battle by the Americans.
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