Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube - Prut and Black Sea River Basin District, Moldova

European Union Water Initiative Plus for the Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+)

Result 2

SURFACE WATER MONITORING IN THE DANUBE - PRUT AND BLACK SEA RIVER BASIN DISTRICT, MOLDOVA

April 2021

Beneficiaries

State Hydrometeorological Service (SHS) Responsible EU member state consortium project leader

Alexander Zinke, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) EUWI+ country representative in Armenia

Victor Bujac (Representative of the EUWI+ EU Member State Consortium in Moldova) Responsible international thematic lead expert

Kristina Schaufler, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Responsible Armenian thematic lead expert

Victor Bujac (Representative of the EUWI+ EU Member State Consortium in Moldova)

Authors

Georg Wolfram, DWS Hydro-Ökologie – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Kristina Schaufler, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Daniel Trauner, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Gabriele Vincze, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Daniela Csar, blattfisch e.U. – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Christian Pichler-Scheder, blattfisch e.U. – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Elisabeth Sigmund, DWS Hydro-Ökologie – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Peggy Macaigne, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT)

Disclaimer: The EU-funded program European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) is implemented by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD), both responsible for the implementation of Result 1, and an EU Member States Consortium comprising the Environment Agency Austria (UBA, Austria), the lead coordinator, and the In- ternational Office for Water (IOW, France), both responsible for the implementation of Results 2 and 3. The program is co-funded by Austria and France through the Austrian Development Agency and the French Artois-Picar- die Water Agency.

This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or of the Governments of the Eastern Partnership Countries.

This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of, or sovereignty over, any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries, and to the name of any territory, city or area.

Imprint

Owner and Editor: EU Member State Consortium Umweltbundesamt GmbH Office International de l’Eau (IOW) Spittelauer Lände 5 21/23 rue de Madrid 1090 Vienna, Austria 75008 Paris, France

Responsible IOW Communication Officer: Ms Chloé Déchelette [email protected]

April 2021

Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

CONTENTS

1 Executive summary ...... 6 2 Introduction ...... 7 2.1 WFD monitoring requirements ...... 7 3 Current surface water monitoring situation ...... 9 3.1 Chemical Monitoring ...... 9 3.2 Biological Monitoring ...... 11 3.3 Hydro-morphological Monitoring ...... 12 4 Monitoring results ...... 14 4.1 Chemical Status ...... 14 4.2 Ecological Status ...... 14 4.3 Hydro-morphological Status ...... 17 5 Recommended surface water monitoring ...... 19 5.1 Measures to improve the surface water monitoring ...... 19 5.2 Chemical Monitoring ...... 19 5.3 Biological Monitoring ...... 21 5.4 Hydro-morphological Monitoring ...... 23 6 References ...... 25 7 Annex 1 ...... 26

3 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

List of Tables Table 1: Overview of current chemical monitoring in rivers of the DPBS RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 14 and Table 16)...... 9 Table 2: Overview of current chemical monitoring in lakes of the DPBS RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 15 and Table 17)...... 10 Table 3: Overview of existing biological monitoring in rivers of the DPBS RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 14 and Table 16)...... 11 Table 4: Overview of existing biological monitoring in lakes and standing waters of in the DPBS RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 15 and Table 17)...... 12 Table 5: Overview of existing hydrological monitoring in rivers of the DRBS RBD...... 13 Table 6: Overview of existing hydrological monitoring in lakes and reservoirs of the DPBS RBD...... 13 Table 7: Categories of ecological classification...... 14 Table 8: Ecological Status of SWB based on the new ESCS for macroinvertebrates...... 16 Table 9: Hydro-morphological sampling sites including hydro-morphological status...... 17 Table 10: Number of proposed monitoring in rivers and lakes of the DPBS RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 14, Table 15, Table 16, Table 17)...... 19 Table 11: Recommended frequency of chemical monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in rivers of the DPBS RBD...... 20 Table 12: Recommended frequency of chemical monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in lakes of the DPBS RBD...... 21 Table 13: Recommended frequency of biological monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in rivers of the DPBS RBD...... 22 Table 14: Recommended frequency of biological monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in lakes of the Hrazdan RBD...... 23 Table 15: Current and proposed Surveillance Monitoring sites in rivers of the DPBS RBD...... 26 Table 16: Current and proposed Surveillance Monitoring sites in lakes and standing waters of the DPBS RBD...... 26 Table 17: Current and proposed Operational Monitoring sites in rivers of the DPBS RBD...... 27 Table 18: Current and proposed Operational Monitoring sites in lakes and reservoirs of the DPBS RBD...... 27 Table 19: Current and proposed hydrological monitoring sites in rivers and reservoirs of the DPBS RBD...... 27 Table 20: Survey sites during the EUWI+ project ...... 28 Table 21: Overview of parameters in the chemical monitoring in the DPBS RBD...... 29 Table 22: Future capacities of the Laboratories for measuring the priority substances that are listed by the EU WFD and associated directives for surface water monitoring after re-accreditation. .. 29

List of Figures Figure 1: Surface water monitoring sites within the DPBS RBD (surveillance, operational and hydrological monitoring; cf list of sites in Annex 1 Table 14 until Table 18)...... 10 Figure 2: Ecological classification of SWB in the DPBS RBD...... 15 Figure 3: Relative proportion of ecological status classes of SWB in the DPBS RBD (H = high status, G- H = good to high status, G = good status, M = medium status, M-B = medium to bad status, P = poor status, B = bad status, na = not available)...... 16

4 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

Abbreviations AWB ...... Artificial Water Body

BOD5 ...... Biochemical Oxygen 5-days Demand BQE ...... Biological Quality Elements COD ...... Chemical Oxygen Demand CIS ...... Common Implementation Strategy EC ...... European Commission EPIRB ...... Environmental Protection of International River Basins EQS ...... Environmental Quality Standard ESCS ...... Ecological Status Classification System EU ...... European Union EU-MS ...... EU-Member States EUWI+ ...... European Union Water Initiative Plus HMWB ...... Heavily Modified Water Bodies HYMO ...... Hydro-morphology/hydro-morphological IOWater/OIEau .... International Office for Water, France OECD ...... Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development PAH ...... Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PCB ...... Polychlorinated Biphenyl PS ...... Priority Substances RBD ...... River Basin District RBMP ...... River Basin Management Plan RBSP ...... River Basin Specific Pollutants SW ...... Surface Water SWB ...... Surface Water Body UBA ...... Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Environment Agency Austria UNECE ...... United Nations Economic Commission for Europe VOC ...... Volatile Organic Compounds WFD ...... Water Framework Directive

Country Specific Abbreviations Moldova DPBS RBD ...... Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District SHS ...... State Hydrometeorological Service

5 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This EUWI+ technical report about surface water monitoring in the Danube-Prut Black Sea (DPBS) River Basin District (RBD) of Moldova gives an overview of the status quo of the monitoring situation in the country and specifically the catchment. It also contains recent monitoring results and recommendations how to improve the monitoring programme to further converge to the standards of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). According to the WFD, the status of surface water bodies is determined by the poorer of its ecological status and its chemical status. To assess chemical and ecological status of water bodies, monitoring programmes are required. This report is structured into 1) chemical monitoring: including priority substances, physico-chemical parameters, river basin specific pollutants; 2) biological monitoring: including Biological Quality Elements (BQE); and 3) hydro-morphological monitoring (WFD supporting element). During EUWI+, a milestone to improve biological monitoring was made by developing an Ecological Status Classification System (ESCS) based on benthic invertebrates. Additional BQEs need to be added over the next years. This document presents the assessed ecological status of the DPBS RBD based on benthic invertebrates, as well as the results from a EUWI+ hydro-morphological survey. Together with the new River Basin Management Plan and the EUWI+ Monitoring Development Plan, this document states a recommended monitoring frequency of BQE and parameters for surveillance and operational monitoring programmes.

6 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

2 INTRODUCTION

The Report on Surface Water Monitoring was developed as a background document for the new River Basin Management Plan (RBMP) for the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (RBD) which was developed within EUWI+. The RBMP was written by national experts considering the information collected and presented in this document, which provided the groundwork for the RBMP monitoring chapter. This report is intended as a record of the exact recommendations made by EUWI+ experts, as the content may slightly differ from the finalised RBMP. For additional guidance and a step by step outline for improvement of the national biological monitoring situation, see also the Surface Water Monitoring Development Plan (EUWI+, 2020d). This report describes the current Surface Water (SW) monitoring situation of the Republic of Moldova in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea (DPBS) RBD. It gives an overview on existing monitoring results, and makes recommendations to improve SW monitoring. Monitoring results from surveillance and/or operational monitoring shall be used to define the status of water bodies while results are compared to re- spective environmental objectives. For surface water bodies, monitoring should include measurements of chemical, biological, physico-chemical and hydro-morphological parameters. Continuing the tradition of the water quality monitoring in Moldova, the description of the general physico-chemical parameters is included in the sub-sections on chemical monitoring: these are supporting elements for ecological classification according to the Water Framework Directive (WFD; Directive 2000/60/EC). Historically, Moldovan SW quality monitoring started in the 1960s and was developed until the 1980s, with a focus on the transboundary rivers Nistru and Prut. The main objective of the monitoring programme is to provide information on the water quality of surface waters, identify cases of exceptional pollution and its sources, and to notify the local and central authorities authorised to take mitigation and restoration measures. Article 13 of the Moldovan Water Law states that systematic monitoring and recording of surface water status will be carried out by the central body in the field of environmental protection. Until 2018, the State Hydrometeorological Service used to be the responsible institution for hydrobiological, chemical and hydrological monitoring of surface waters. In January 2019, the laboratories responsible for environmental monitoring were transferred to the newly created Environmental Agency. In this reorganizational process, the ongoing monitoring system was almost put on hold.

2.1 WFD monitoring requirements

Article 8 of the WFD (Directive 2000/60/EC) establishes monitoring programmes for monitoring the surface water status. The monitoring network shall be designed as to provide a coherent and comprehen- sive overview of ecological and chemical status within each river basin and shall permit the classification of surface waterbodies according to Annex V WFD. Good ecological and good chemical status have to be achieved and ensured for all surface water bodies. For those Water Bodies (WB) identified as heavily modified (HMWB) or artificial (AWB), good ecological potential and good chemical status have to be achieved and ensured. WFD compliant monitoring results provide the baseline to initiate measures, and serve the validation of the pressure analysis. Ecological status of SWB is based on biological quality elements (phytoplankton, macrophytes, phytobenthos, macroinvertebratesand fish) and supporting physico-chemical (nutrients, oxygen condition, temperature, transparency, salinity), as well as river basin specific pollutants, and hydro-morphological quality elements (Annex V WFD).

7 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

A good chemical status of SWB requires all concentrations of priority substances to stay below the thresholds of the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) listed in the Priority Substances Directive 2013/39/EU. Two groups of chemical compounds are relevant for the chemical monitoring according to the WFD, the Priority Substances (PS) and River Basin Specific Pollutants (RBSP). River Basin Specific Pollutants are selected based on the pressure and impact analysis. They are defined as chemicals that are discharged in significant quantities into surface water bodies. The Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for Priority Substances are established by the European Commission (EC), whereas the EQS for specific pollutants are established by each country itself. The chemical status of water bodies is assessed by comparing the concentrations of PS with the EQS set by the EC. RBSP are supporting the biological elements and used for the ecological status classification. Surveillance, operational and investigative monitoring programmes shall be established. They are to be supplemented by monitoring programmes required for Protected Areas registered under Article 6 WFD. Surveillance monitoring shall provide information for - supplementing and validating the impact assessment; - the design of future monitoring programmes; - the assessment of long-term changes in natural conditions and long-term changes resulting from widespread anthropogenic activity. Operational monitoring shall be undertaken in order to - establish the status of those waterbodies identified as being at risk of failing to meet their environmental objectives; - assess any changes in the status of such bodies resulting from the programmes of measures. Investigative monitoring shall be carried out - where the reason for any exceedances is unknown; - where surveillance monitoring indicates that the objectives are not likely to be achieved and operational monitoring has not already been established; - to ascertain the magnitude and impacts of accidental pollution. The extent of the monitoring programmes depends on the numbers of water bodies delineated, the extent of, and variability in, impacts on the water environment and the degree to which the characteristics of, and range of pressures on, water bodies allow them to be grouped. For more details on surveillance monitoring, operational monitoring, and how to select sites see the Moldovan Monitoring Development Plan (EUWI+, 2020d). For details on investigative monitoring read to the Background and Concept Paper for Investigative Monitoring (EUWI+, 2020f).

8 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

3 CURRENT SURFACE WATER MONITORING SITUATION

The previous and current SW monitoring systems of Moldova have always had a clear focus on water quality, while other pressures such as hydro-morphological alterations have been considered only to a minor extent. However, long-term hydrological monitoring data are available for rivers. Currently Mol- dova is working on establishing a WFD-compliant monitoring network, where a focus on biological monitoring is needed.

3.1 Chemical Monitoring

Rivers According to the requirements of the WFD, the water quality monitoring in Moldova is divided into surveillance, operational and investigative monitoring (Figure 1). Until 2013, the monitoring of physico-chemical surface water quality in the DPBS RBD was carried out at 22 monitoring sites. In 2014 a new monitoring programme, which implemented key elements of the WFD, was started for the DPBS RBD. It included 52 monitoring stations on rivers: 9 sites on the Prut River and 43 sites on tributaries of the Prut River or on internal surface waters of the DPBS RBD. Based on results from the chemical monitoring 2015–2019 (SHS, 2019), data are available from 23 sites. A former monitoring report from 2015 lists data from 49 sites (SHS, 2015). Currently chemical SW monitoring programme for rivers includes 30 surveillance and 12 operational sites (Figure 1, Table 1, Annex 1 Table 15 and Table 17). Parameters The monitoring program includes 25 general physico-chemical (e.g. oxygen, nutrient) and 11 chemical parameters (e.g. heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons) (Table 21). A former monitoring report from 2015 includes also data for a large number of priority pollutants (SHS, 2015). Table 1: Overview of current chemical monitoring in rivers of the DPBS RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 15 and Table 17).

No. of Sites Quality Element / Group of Frequency Parameters Surveillance Operational Investigative Monitoring (SM) Monitoring (OM) Monitoring (IV) General physico-chemical parameters 4x / year 30 12 – Priority poll. (selected heavy metals) 4x (SM) or 30 12 – 12x (OM) / year Other pollutants (partly) 4x (SM) or 30 12 – 12x (OM) / year

Lakes Like for the rivers, the water quality monitoring in Moldova is divided into surveillance, operational and investigative monitoring (Figure 1). The monitoring of surface water quality in the DPBS RBD included 6 stations located at 4 artificial lakes and 2 natural lakes. During recent years, 4 sites were included in the regular monitoring programme. A

9 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

former monitoring report from 2015 (SHS, 2015) lists data from 5 sites. The current chemical SW monitoring programme for lakes and reservoirs includes 10 surveillance and 3 operational sites (Figure 1, Table 2, Annex 1 Table 16 Table 18). In terms of Parameters, the monitoring of lakes and standing waters is the same as for rivers. Table 2: Overview of current chemical monitoring in lakes of the DPBS RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 16 and Table 18).

No. of Sites Quality Element / Group of Frequency Parameters Surveillance Operational Investigative Monitoring (SM) Monitoring (OM) Monitoring (IV) General physico-chemical 4x / year 10 3 – parameters Priority poll. (selected heavy 4x (SM) or 10 3 – metals) 12x (OM) / year Other pollutants (partly) 4x (SM) or 10 3 – 12x (OM) / year

Figure 1: Surface water monitoring sites within the DPBS RBD (surveillance, operational and hydrological monitoring; cf list of sites in Annex 1 Table 15 until Table 19).

10 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

3.2 Biological Monitoring

Rivers In recent years, most sites of the chemical monitoring were also included in the biological monitoring. A distinction between surveillance and operational monitoring was agreed in 2014 and 68 monitoring sites (56 - surveillance and 12 - operational) were defined. A former report from 2015 provides biological data from 54 sites, a more recent list from 2019 only about 25 (SHS, 2015). The current biological SW monitoring programme for rivers is the same as chemical monitoring and includes 30 surveillance and 12 operational sites (Figure 1, Table 1, Annex 1 Table 15 and Table 17) Parameters Monitoring includes analyses of Biological Quality Elements (BQE) phytobenthos, macrozoobenthos, phytoplankton and (though not required as a BQE under the WFD) zooplankton, bacterioplankton, and chlorophyll a. For none of these BQE a WFD compliant classification method is available, which fulfils the requirements of the CIS Guidance Documents for Intercalibration (EUWI+, 2019a). The status assessment is based on existing boundaries for different biological quality elements, following the one- out-all-out principle (Decision Nr. 890). A major step towards WFD compliant biological monitoring was achieved during the EUWI+ project by development of an Ecological Status Classification System ESCS for macroinvertebrates (EUWI+, 2020c). Table 3: Overview of existing biological monitoring in rivers of the DPBS RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 15 and Table 17).

No. of Sites Quality Element / Group Frequency Surveillance Operational Investigative of Parameters Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring (SM) (OM) (IV) Phytoplankton 1x(SM) or 2x(OM) / year, annually 30 12 – Zooplankton special cases 30 12 – Phytobenthos 1x(SM) or 2x(OM) / year, annually 30 12 – Benthic invertebrates 1x(SM) or 2x(OM) / year, annually 30 12 – Bacterioplankton 1x(SM) or 3x(OM) / year, annually 30 12 – Chlorophyll a 2x(SM) or 3x(OM) / year, annually 30 12 –

Lakes The monitoring approach and programme is similar to the one applied in river, additionally including macrophytes. No WFD compliant classification method, which fulfils the requirements of the CIS Guid- ance Documents for Intercalibration, is available. The status assessment is based on existing boundaries for different quality elements (Decision Nr. 890). The current biological SW monitoring programme for lakes and reservoirs is the same as chemical monitoring and includes 10 surveillance and 3 operational sites (Figure 1, Table 2, Annex 1 Table 16 Table 18). The sites included in the surveys of the last years were the same as for the chemical monitoring (see above).

11 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

Table 4: Overview of existing biological monitoring in lakes and standing waters of in the DPBS RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 16 and Table 18).

No. of Sites Quality Element / Group Frequency Surveillance Operational Investigative of Parameters Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring (SM) (SM) (IV) Phytoplankton 2x(SM) or 3x(OM) / year, annually 10 3 – Phytobenthos 2x / year, annually 10 3 – Benthic invertebrates 1x(SM) or 2x(OM) / year, annually 10 3 – Macrophytes 1x / year, annually 10 3 – Bacterioplankton 1x(SM) or 3x(OM) / year, annually 10 3 – Chlorophyll a 2x(SM) or 3x(OM) / year, annually 10 3 –

3.3 Hydro-morphological Monitoring

Rivers Until recently, hydro-morphological monitoring was restricted to hydrological parameters and did not include morphological aspects. The current hydrological monitoring network (quantitative) within the DPBS RBD comprises 17 surface water quantity monitoring sites in rivers (Table 5, Annex1 Table 19). Morphological parameters started to be monitored during the EPIRB and EUWI+ projects (2013-2020). Based on a training on hydro-morphological description and classification, a hydro-morphological survey was carried out in the DPBS RBD in 2019 (EUWI+, 2020a). As part of the EUWI+ sampling campaign, the Cogilnic River Basin was selected as a pilot basin. Historical maps dating back to the middle of the 19th century were studied in order to define reference conditions for some hydro-morphological parameters. Then, satellite images were used select 30 sampling sites from 15 rivers and streams, 26 of these sites were used for hydro-morphological monitoring and 4 for water quality monitoring. In a second step these sites were assessed in the field. Parameters The hydrological data have been used for general description of quantity (water level, discharge), but not for classification; thus, information on impoundments, water abstraction etc. are not covered by the monitoring. During the EUWI+ hydro-morphological survey the following parameters were used to characterize the sites: - Catchment area - Distance to source - Mean river slope at site - Morphology of cross section, banks, channel form, river valley - Transversal barriers - Land cover/use in riparian zone/floodplain - Geology, soil types, Topography - Mean annual discharge

12 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

Table 5: Overview of existing hydrological monitoring in rivers of the DRBS RBD.

Quality element / group of parameters frequency no. of sites Hydrology: Water level daily 17 Hydrology: Discharge daily 17

Lakes There are three hydrological stations on the transboundary Costești-Stinca reservoir. Quantitative hydrological data are measured by State Hydrometerological Service (SHS) and National Agency ”Apele Romane” (ANAR). Morphological aspects are covered in neither of the standing waters. Parameters The hydrological data set focusses on the water level, while morphological aspects have not been re- garded so far. Table 6: Overview of existing hydrological monitoring in lakes and reservoirs of the DPBS RBD.

Quality element / group of parameters frequency no. of sites Hydrology: Water level daily 3

13 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

4 MONITORING RESULTS

4.1 Chemical Status

The quality and chemical status of SWB was assessed on the basis of the monitoring results from 2013– 2017 as well as from the annual surveys in the Prut river basin carried out during the EPIRB project. Based on physico-chemical parameters and specific substances, water quality of the Prut River is affected throughout the entire course of the river, including the Costeşti-Stânca reservoir (“moderately polluted”). Most Prut tributaries are moderately to highly polluted, mainly due to organic pollution and oxygen deficits. Organochlorine pesticides were not detected in the water of the sub basin rivers, with few exceptions (Prut/Branişte village: Endrin, p-DDD, p-DDE, Galma Valley/Zarnesti village: p-DDT, p-DDD, p-DDE). Among polyaromatic hydrocarbons, Anthracene, Fluoranthene, Naphthalene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Benz(b)fluoranthene and Benz(k)fluoranthene were detected. Increased heavy metal concentrations (e.g. cadmium, mercury) were found in the Prut River at several stations as well as in the Varsava River. As a result of the chemical data, the following monitoring sites are considered at being at risk of failing to meet the environmental objectives under Directive 2013/39/EU: Prut Lipcani , Branişte village, Valea Mare village, Leova village, Giurgiulesti village); Draghişte, Feteşti village; the Galmage Valley, Zărneşti village; as well as the Costesti-Stânca reservoir.

4.2 Ecological Status

Rivers According to the WFD, the assessment of the ecological status is based on biological data and ecological status classification systems (ESCS). Supporting elements are physico-chemical, hydro-morphological parameters and specific pollutants. A WFD compliant ecological status classification system (ESCS) for macroinvertebrates in rivers was introduced by EUWI+ (EUWI+, 2020c). In order to give an overview of the confidence of the ecological status of river SWB in Moldova, four categories were defined and are listen in Table 7: Table 7: Categories of ecological classification

Category Classification Confidence A Based on biological data using the proposal for a new WFD compliant ESCS High B Based on pressure data (incl. study of maps) Medium C Based on risk assessment Low D Currently no classification possible –

Unless additional information was available, the following classification was done based on the risk assessment (with low confidence): - SWB not at risk  “High – Good” - SWB possibly at risk  “Good – Moderate” - SWB at risk  “Moderate – Bad”

14 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

Classifications based on general physico-chemical parameters following the existing boundaries according to the Governmental Decision nr.890/2013 are assigned to category B, since the values have not yet been evaluated with biological data. Figure 2 shows a map with the classification results. The results are summarised in Figure 3. The de- tailed classifications based on biological data (confidence category A) are listed in Table 8.

Figure 2: Ecological classification of SWB in the DPBS RBD.

15 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

Figure 3: Relative proportion of ecological status classes of SWB in the DPBS RBD (H = high status, G-H = good to high status, G = good status, M = medium status, M-B = medium to bad status, P = poor status, B = bad status, na = not available).

Table 8: Ecological Status of SWB based on the new ESCS for macroinvertebrates.

River Water Body / Ecological Category of SWB Code Basin SWB Name Lake Water Body status confidence

MD_CAH_02 Danube Cahul 2 RW 3* A*

MD_COG_02 Black Sea Cogilnic 2 RW 5* A*

MD_COG_04 Black Sea Cogilnic 4 RW 5* A*

MD_COG_05 Black Sea Cogilnic 5 RW 4* A*

MD_COG_CEA_03 Black Sea Ceaga 3 RW 4* A*

MD_COG_SCI_02 Black Sea Schinoasa 2 RW 5* A*

MD_HAD_CAP_01 Black Sea Caplani RW 3* A*

MD_IAL_01 Danube Ialpug 1 RW 4* A*

MD_IAL_03 Danube Ialpug 3 RW 4* A*

MD_IAL_04 Danube Ialpug 4 RW 4* A*

MD_IAL_LUN_02 Danube Lunga 2 RW 4* A*

MD_IAL_SAL_01 Danube Salcia Mare 1 RW 4 A

MD_KIR_01 Danube Kirghij-Kitai 1 RW 4 A

MD_MD0201/1 Prut Prut1 RW 3 A

MD_MD0201/2 1 Prut Prut2 1 RW 4 A

MD_MD0201/2 2 Prut Prut2 2 RW 4 A

MD_MD0201/3 2 Prut Prut3 2 RW 2 A

MD_MD020101/1 Prut Valea-Calmagei RW 3 A

MD_MD020103/2 Prut Nirnova 2 RW 4 A

16 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

River Water Body / Ecological Category of SWB Code Basin SWB Name Lake Water Body status confidence

MD_MD020105/2 Prut Sarata 2 RW 3* A*

MD_MD020107/2 Prut Lapusna 2 RW 4* A*

MD_MD020107/3 Prut Lapusna 3 RW 3* A*

MD_MD020113/1 Prut Varsava RW 4* A*

MD_MD020116/2 Prut Girla Mare 2 RW 3* A*

MD_MD020119/3 Prut Camenca 3 RW 4* A*

MD_MD0201190103/1 Prut Glodeanca RW 5* A*

MD_MD020120/2 Prut Ciuhur 2 RW 4* A*

MD_MD020122/2 Prut Racovat 2 RW 4* A*

MD_MD02012202/2 Prut Dragiste 2 RW 4 A

MD_MD02012203/2 Prut Bogda 2 RW 3* A*

MD_MD02012204/2 Prut Racovat Sec 2 RW 3* A*

MD_MD020125/2 Prut Larga2 2 RW 2 A

MD_MD020126/2 Prut Medveja 2 RW 3 A

MD_MD020127/2 Prut Zelena 2 RW 3 A

MD_SAR_BAB_02 Black Sea Babei 2 RW 5* A*

MD_SAR_COP_01 Black Sea Caragorita RW 5* A* *Natural SWB are classified by ecological status, and HMWB/AWB by ecological potential based on a different methodology. In any case, the WFD requires to revisit the classification and typology of these SWB once local monitoring data are analysed and a classification method for the ecological potential is available.

Lakes As outlined above, there is no official WFD compliant ecological status classification system (ESCS) available up to now. Based on the existing biological assessment method, three lakes in Moldova are classified with moderate and one with poor status. Figure 2 shows a map with the classification results. The results are summarised in Figure 3. 4.3 Hydro-morphological Status

The hydro-morphological status of the sampling sites (with 5 point system in accordance with the requirements of the WFD), are based on the assessment of parameters mentioned in chapter 3.3. For the hydro-morphological status, see Table 9 below with the first survey results (EUWI+, 2020a). Table 9: Hydro-morphological sampling sites including hydro-morphological status.

Survey unit HYMO No Basin River SWB Code Status Latitude Longitude

11 Cogâlnic Albina Cogâlnic_3 2 46,686230 28,686090

19 Cogâlnic Casim Cogâlnic_5 1,8 46,474470 28,914110

24 Cogâlnic Ceaga Ceaga_2 2,7 46,526130 29,149700

25 Cogâlnic Ceaga Ceaga_1 2,1 46,656110 28,977640

1 Cogâlnic Cogâlnic Cogâlnic_1 1,7 47,101590 28,286210

17 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

Survey unit HYMO No Basin River SWB Code Status Latitude Longitude

2 Cogâlnic Cogâlnic Cogâlnic_1 1,95 47,079720 28,326810

3 Cogâlnic Cogâlnic Cogâlnic_2 3,1 47,017810 28,414050

4 Cogâlnic Cogâlnic Cogâlnic_2 3 46,903170 28,538120 5 Cogâlnic Cogâlnic Cogânic_2 3,2 46,832220 28,596580

10 Cogâlnic Cogâlnic Cogâlnic_3 3,1 46,754730 28,653820

13 Cogâlnic Cogâlnic Cogâlnic_4 2,3 46,585460 28,762000

16 Cogâlnic Cogâlnic Cogâlnic_4 2,6 46,537740 28,784240

17 Cogâlnic Cogâlnic Cogâlnic_5 2,5 46,444510 28,870660

18 Cogâlnic Cogâlnic Cogâlnic_5 3,4 46,319020 28,979680

15 Cogâlnic Coștangalia Cogâlnic_4 2,4 46,620690 28,801420

22 Cogâlnic Curugica Schinoasa_2 2,3 46,462070 28,989070

7 Cogâlnic Galbena Cogâlnic_3 2,3 46,868060 28,640490

8 Cogâlnic Galbena Cogâlnic_3 2,2 46,779590 28,682970

9 Cogâlnic Galbena Cogâlnic_3 2,4 46,695040 28,693510 14 Cogâlnic Gradiște Cogâlnic_3 1,95 46,651050 28,760950

6 Cogâlnic Hâncești Cogâlnic_2 2,7 46,850510 28,549660

12 Cogâlnic Hârtop Cogâlnic_3 2,4 46,642100 28,713100

28 Cogâlnic Husainu Ceaga_3 1,5 46,540600 29,354620

29 Cogâlnic Husainu Ceaga_3 2,7 46,443660 29,278740

26 Cogâlnic Lunga Ceaga_3 1,3 46,420200 29,250280

23 Cogâlnic Saca Schinoasa_2 3,5 46,517120 29,037560

20 Cogâlnic Schinoasa Schinoasa_2 2,2 46,468610 28,959600

21 Cogâlnic Schinoasa Schinoasa_2 2,4 46,551590 28,927740 27 Cogâlnic Tocuz Ceaga_3 1,97 46,412780 29,277220 30 Cogâlnic Tocuz Ceaga_3 2,9 46,488830 29,268470

18 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

5 RECOMMENDED SURFACE WATER MONITORING

5.1 Measures to improve the surface water monitoring

During recent years within the EUWI+ project, a significant improvement could be achieved through training and procurement of equipment, which is required for chemical, biological, and hydromorphological monitoring. On the basis of the review, analysis and assessment of the existing surface water monitoring system and the requirements of the WFD, the following steps are needed to further develop and improve the monitoring system in Moldova – some will be implemented within the next years, while others should to be realized in the future: - Enhancement of WFD compliant monitoring programmes (surveillance, operational, and investigative monitoring) to assess the chemical and ecological status of surface waters - Implementation of the requirements of the ISO EN 17025 - New equipment and training for continuous maintenance of equipment - Internal and external training of staff, following an agreed training plan - Collection of chemical and biological data in a central database - Survey of further biological quality elements (BQE) in addition to macro-invertebrates and diatoms, with the goal to create a basis for the development of WFD compliant ESCS for all BQE - Expansion of the hydro-morphological survey on other sub-basins of the DPBS RBD - Investigate concentrations of priority pollutants according to WFD standards in surface waters, sediment, or biota, and adopt methods into national monitoring. - Performing an intercalibration exercise for biological, chemical and hydro-morphological parameters and an evaluation of existing ESCS by performing a joint survey at transboundary rivers for (Ukraine, Romania) - Implementation and evaluation of the measures for improvement as specified in the survey reports of EUWI+

5.2 Chemical Monitoring

Rivers The surveillance and operational monitoring sites will remain the same as in the current programme (Figure 1). However, it is recommended to revise and possibly adjust number of sites. Surveillance and operational monitoring sites should be selected based on the procedure outlined in the monitoring development plan (EUWI+, 2020d). Additionally, investigative sites will be conducted if the need arises (EUWI+, 2020f). Table 10: Number of proposed monitoring in rivers and lakes of the DPBS RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 15, Table 16, Table 17, Table 18).

RBD SW Type Surveillance Sites Operational Sites

Rivers 30 12 DPBS Lakes 10 2

19 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

Parameters Currently, most general physico-chemical parameters relevant under the EU WFD are monitored in the Republic of Moldova. It is however suggested to include also dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which can reflect organic pollution and oxygenation conditions. It is first recommended to further converge towards the EU Water Framework Directive and monitor the parameters that are required regarding both RBSPs and priority substances, but that are currently not included in the programme. These includes pesticides, dioxins, alkylphenols, organotin compounds, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) (for more details seeTable 22). Considering the importance of the agricultural sector in the country, it is recommended to include the monitoring of pesticides in surface water. Parameters for operational monitoring sites are mainly general physico-chemical parameters as also currently included in water quality monitoring. Additionally, specific pollutants and priority substances for operational sites should be selected according to the pressure and risk analysis. In accordance with the current RBMP for the DPBS RBD it is recommended to sample all chemical parameters at surveillance sites 12 times over the course of one year in rivers, once within the 6-year RBMP cycle. Concerning chemical operational monitoring in rivers, general physico-chemical parameters should be sampled 12x as well as priority substances and specific pollutants suspected by the risk assessment. Operational monitoring should be conducted within any two years of the RBMP cycle (Ta- ble 11). Table 11: Recommended frequency of chemical monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in rivers of the DPBS RBD.

Quality Elements / SWB Group of Parameters Frequency:

General Physico-Chemical Parameters To be executed Chemical 12x within the selected within any of the 6 Surveillance Rivers River Basin-Specific year of the RBMP cycle years of the Monitoring Pollutants RMBP cycle Priority Substances

General Physico-Chemical 12x within the selected Parameters year of the RBMP cycle To be executed Chemical within any 2 years Operational Rivers River Basin-Specific -* of the 6 years Monitoring Pollutants RMBP cycle Priority Substances -* * If the risk assessment finds the SWB to be affected by point source or diffuse pollution, chemical analysis of the suspected substances should also be conducted. – Rivers: 12x; Lakes: 6x.

Lakes The surveillance and operational monitoring sites will remain the same as in the current programme (Figure 1). However, it is recommended to revise and possibly adjust number of sites. Additionally, investigative sites will be implemented if the need arises. In terms of chemical monitoring, the goal of good chemical status applies to natural WB, as well as to HMWB or AWB.

20 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

Parameters Parameters for surveillance sites should be the same as for rivers. Parameters for operational monitoring sites are mainly general physico-chemical parameters as also currently included in water quality monitoring. Additionally, specific pollutants and priority substances for operational sites should be selected according to the pressure and risk analysis. In accordance with the current RBMP for the DPBS RBD, it is recommended to sample general physico- chemical parameters, River Basin-Specific Pollutants (RBSP), and priority substances 6 times over the course of one year, once within the 6-year RBMP cycle. Concerning chemical operational monitoring in lakes (reservoirs), general physico-chemical parameters should be sampled 6 times as well as priority pollutants and specific substances suspected by the risk assessment. Operational monitoring should be conducted within any two years of the RBMP cycle (Table 12). The chemical sampling of general physico-chemical parameters shall be carried out along a vertical depth profile of six layers from surface to above the ground. For priority pollutants in surveillance monitoring and specific pollutants in operational monitoring, 2 sampling depths (epilimnion and hypolimnion) are considered sufficient. Table 12: Recommended frequency of chemical monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in lakes of the DPBS RBD.

Quality Elements / Monitoring SWB Group of Parameters Frequency:

General Physico-Chemical Parameters To be executed Chemical 6x within the selected within any of the 6 Surveillance Lakes River Basin-Specific year of the RBMP cycle years of the Monitoring Pollutants RMBP cycle Priority Substances

General Physico-Chemical 6x within the selected Parameters year of the RBMP cycle To be executed Chemical within any 2 years Operational Lakes River Basin-Specific -* of the 6 years Monitoring Pollutants RMBP cycle Priority Substances -* * If the risk assessment finds the SWB to be affected by point source or diffuse pollution, chemical analysis of the suspected substances should also be conducted. – Rivers: 12x; Lakes: 6x.

5.3 Biological Monitoring

Rivers Surveillance and operational monitoring sites shall be the same as for the chemical monitoring. Parameters While currently, several biological quality elements (BQE) are monitored in all sites included in the monitoring program, it is proposed to restrict the limited resources to those elements required under the EU WFD: phytoplankton, phytobenthos and macrozoobenthos, but not bacteria and zooplankton. Macro- phytes and fish should be included in the next RBMP cycle. In the operational monitoring, it is recommended to focus on those BQE, which are most sensitive to the dominant pressure – in case of significant point sources of organic pollution, or hydro-morphological

21 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

alterations this is macrozoobenthos. In case of diffuse pollution, phytobenthos should be monitored in small rivers, but phytoplankton in medium to large rivers. In all cases, the development of WFD compliant classification system is required. Concerning frequency, benthic invertebrates and phytobenthos will be sampled once within a selected year. Surveillance monitoring is to be executed once within any of the 6 years of the RMBP cycle, and operational monitoring twice within any 2 years of the 6 years RMBP cycle (Table 13). Chemical and biological data should be jointly interpreted and therefore preferably sampled on the same occasion. Table 13: Recommended frequency of biological monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in rivers of the DPBS RBD.

Quality Elements / Monitoring SWB Group of Parameters Frequency:

Biological Benthic Invertebrates 1x within the To be executed within Surveillance Rivers selected year of the any of the 6 years of the Monitoring Phytobenthos (diatoms) RBMP cycle RMBP cycle

Biological Benthic Invertebrates 1x within the To be executed within Operational Rivers selected year of the any 2 years of the 6 Monitoring Phytobenthos (diatoms) RBMP cycle years RMBP cycle

Lakes Surveillance and operational monitoring sites shall be the same as for the chemical monitoring (Figure 1). As mentioned in Chapter 2.1, the ecological status applies only to natural water bodies. As the suggested monitoring network includes reservoirs and therefore HMWB/AWB, the BQEs and supporting elements in this case relate to determining the ecological potential. However, the available ESCS applies to natural water bodies and assesses the ecological status. A practical framework for defining the good ecological potential is described in the CIS Guidance No 37 (2020). The central function of biological monitoring is the determination of the ecological status, and therefore has priority over the determination of the ecological potential. Parameters While currently, several biological quality elements (BQE) are monitored at all sites included in the monitoring program, it is proposed to restrict the limited resources to those elements required under the EU WFD and most relevant for standing waters: phytoplankton and phytobenthos (indicator of eutrophica- tion) and macrozoobenthos (indicator of organic pollution and hydro-morphological alterations), but skip bacteria and zooplankton. Macrophytes and fish should be included in the next RBMP cycle II. Concerning frequency, phytoplankton is recommended to be sampled 6 times over the course of a selected year. The six samplings in lakes within one year should be distributed over the course of the vegetation period. Surveillance monitoring is to be executed once within any of the 6 years of the RMBP cycle, and operational monitoring twice within any 2 years of the 6 years RMBP cycle (Table 14). Chem- ical and biological data should be jointly interpreted and therefore preferably sampled on the same occasion.

22 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

Table 14: Recommended frequency of biological monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in lakes of the Hrazdan RBD.

Quality Elements / Monitoring SWB Group of Parameters Frequency:

Biological 6x within the selected To be executed within Surveillance Lakes Phytoplankton year of the RBMP any of the 6 years of the Monitoring cycle RMBP cycle

Biological 6x within the selected To be executed within Operational Lakes Phytoplankton year of the RBMP any 2 years of the 6 Monitoring cycle years RMBP cycle

5.4 Hydro-morphological Monitoring

Rivers Hydro-morphology is a supporting element according to the WFD, which comes into effect when differ- entiating between good or high ecological status. While previous hydro-morphological description was carried out at single sites during biological monitoring for contextualizing biological data, future hydro- morphological assessments shall cover larger sections of rivers. A first hydro-morphological campaign in 2019 was the starting point of hydro-morphological mapping in the DPBS river basin. During the next RBMP cycle, the dataset needs to be increased through additional surveys, to get a more exact picture of the hydro-morphological situation and cover the whole RBD. Therefore, new and un-investigated sites have to be chosen, pre-classified based on historical maps and satellite images, and verified/assessed in the field. The existing hydrological monitoring sites will be continued like in previous years (see Figure 1, Annex 1 Table 19). Parameters According to the new training on hydro-morphological description and classification system carried out during the EPIRB and EUWI+ project, all parameters relevant for a WFD compliant assessment shall be covered, viz. the hydrological regime (including the quantity and dynamics of water flow and the connection to groundwater bodies), the river continuity, and the morphological conditions (including river depth and width variation, structure and substrate of the river bed, and structure of the riparian zone).

Lakes The hydrological monitoring at the Costești-Stânca Reservoir will be continued and concentrate on water level like in previous years (see Figure 1, Annex 1 Table 19). In addition, it is suggested to measure water levels at the other lakes included in the list of surveillance monitoring sites. A morphological survey of the littoral zone is planned for the next RBMP. Hydrological monitoring sites, hydrological parameters and responsibilities remain like in the current monitoring.

23 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

5.5 Investigative Monitoring

As outlined in Chapter Fehler! Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden., investigative monitoring may also be required in specified cases. These are given as:  where the reason for any exceedances (of environmental objectives) is unknown;  where surveillance monitoring indicates that the objectives are not likely to be achieved and operational monitoring has not already been established; or  to ascertain the magnitude and impacts of accidental pollution. Investigative monitoring will thus be designed to the specific case or problem being investigated. In some cases it will be more intensive in terms of monitoring frequencies and focused on particular water bodies or parts of water bodies, and on relevant quality elements. Investigative monitoring might also include alarm or early warning monitoring, for example, for the protection of drinking water intakes against accidental pollution. This type of monitoring could include continuous or semi-continuous measurements of a few chemical (such as dissolved oxygen) and/or biological (such as fish) determinants. Investigative monitoring is an „on demand“ concept addressing specific cases or problems and thus, neither suggestions for sites nor for relevant parameters can be provided in this document. Further information and guidance on investigative monitoring is provided in the “Back- ground and concept paper for Investigative Monitoring” (EUWI+, 2020f). In autumn 2020, an investigative monitoring has been carried out in the EUWI+ project to identify the impact of certain chemical pollutants on surface water bodies in the Ialpug river basin. The parameters investigated comprise of the standard physico-chemical parameters, anionic detergents, and petroleum products (hydrocarbons). Data and a related report became available in April 2021.

24 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

6 REFERENCES

EUWI+ Products EUWI+, 2019a. Technical Report “Water Monitoring Assessment Report – Moldova”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/579-water-monitoring-assessment-report- moldova?fromsearch=1] EUWI+, 2020a. Technical Report “Moldova: Hydromorphological Assessment Report 2019”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/825-moldova-hydromorphological- assessment-report-2019-eng?fromsearch=1] EUWI+, 2020b. Technical Report “Moldova: Surface Water Survey Report 2019”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/831-moldova-surface-water-survey-report- 2019-eng?fromsearch=1] EUWI+, 2020c. Technical Report “Definition of Reference Conditions and Class Boundaries in Rivers of Moldova for the BQE benthic invertebrates”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/1116-moldova-definition-of-reference-conditions-and-class- boundaries-in-rivers-of-moldova-for-the-bqe-benthic-invertebrates-eng?fromsearch=1] EUWI+, 2020d. Technical Report “Surface Water Monitoring Development Plan Moldova”. Available at: [https://euwipluseast.eu] EUWI+, 2020e. RBMP “Draft River Basin Management Plan for DPBS RBD, Moldova”. Available at: [https://euwipluseast.eu] EUWI+, 2020f. Guidance “Background and concept paper for Investigative Monitoring”. Available at: [https://euwipluseast.eu]

Legislation Decision Nr. 890 of the Republic Moldova on 12 November 2013. “Approval of the Regulation on environmental quality requirements for surface waters. (pentru aprobarea Regulamentului cu privire la cer- inţele de calitate a mediului pentru apele de suprafaţă)”. 22.11.2013 in Monitorul Oficial Nr. 262-267 art Nr: 1006. Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 amending Di- rectives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the field of water policy Text with EEA relevance. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 226, 24.8.2013, p. 1–1. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 December 2000 establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1–73

Other references SHS, 2015. Annual Report “Starea calității apelor de suprafață conform indicilor hidrochimici de pe teritoriul Moldovei în 2015”. Available online in Moldovan at: [http://old.meteo.md/monitor/anuare/2015/anuarapei_2015.pdf] SHS, 2019. “Calitatea apei în bazinele şi sub-bazinele hidrografice pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova conform elementelor hidrobiologice pe parcursul anilor 2015–2018”.

25 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

7 ANNEX 1

Table 15: Current and proposed Surveillance Monitoring sites in rivers of the DPBS RBD.

SiteCode Latitude Longitude River / Reservoir Monitoring site

MD_1 48,26090833 26,63213333 Prut Criva, upstream

MD_2 48,25403056 26,80437222 Lipcani, upstream (= Şirăuţi, 0.2 km Prut upstream)

MD_3 47,84109722 27,22869444 Costeşti Res. Costeşti

MD_4 47,78976667 27,25228611 Prut Branişte, 0.2 km upstream

MD_5 47,1998 27,78843056 Prut Ungheni, 1.2 km upstream

MD_6 47,10847778 27,87471389 Prut Valea Mare, downstream

MD_9 45,47179167 28,19785 Prut Giurgiuleşti, downstream

MD_10 46,76408944 28,20652639 Călmățui Dancu, Ungheni

MD_11 47,82963889 27,36680556 Camenca Camenca

MD_12 47,95325278 27,27124167 Ciuhur Horodişte

MD_14 47,97352778 27,36438889 Ciuhureț Zăicani

MD_15 47,32047222 27,89422222 Delia Pîrlița, upstream

MD_16 47,03522222 28,01491667 Frăsinești Frăsinești

MD_19 47,31432194 27,67681 Gîrla Mare Blindeşti, downstream

MD_20 47,71759444 27,48333611 Glodeanca Dușmani, upstream

MD_23 46,09872222 28,18419444 Larga Chircani, upstream

MD_24 48,13656611 27,04991472 Lopatnic Lopatnic, downstream

MD_25 48,25480833 26,80683611 Medveja Lipcani, upstream

MD_26 46,88758333 28,18988889 Nîrnova Ivanovca, downstream

MD_28 46,38635833 28,24579722 Sarata Vîlcele, downstream

MD_30 47,63502778 27,71763889 Șovățul Mare Ilenuța, downstream

MD_32 46,00172222 28,17144444 Valea Galmage Zîrnești, downstream

MD_33 47,25651444 27,76809028 Confluența Vladnic - Șoltoaia Zagarancea

MD_37 47,19961111 27,8005 Lake Delia Ungheni

MD_42 45,46851944 28,21328889 Dunărea (Danube) Giurgiuleşti, downstream

MD_43 45,7790175 28,37474167 Cahul Găvănoasa, upstream

MD_46 46,11952167 28,61156778 Chirsova (Carsău) Congaz, Comrat

MD_49 46,36055306 28,66783278 Ialpug Bugeac, Comrat, upstream

MD_50 46,04802278 28,56255833 Ialpugel Svetlâi, Comrat, upstream

MD_55 45,80791667 28,5375 Salcia Mare Vinogradovca

Table 16: Current and proposed Surveillance Monitoring sites in lakes and standing waters of the DPBS RBD.

SiteCode Latitude Longitude River / Reservoir Monitoring site

MD_36 45,58691111 28,15268056 Lake Beleu Slobozia Mare

26 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

SiteCode Latitude Longitude River / Reservoir Monitoring site

MD_38 45,78786944 28,17323611 Lake Manta Manta

MD_39 46,83285 28,59760833 Cogîlnic Hînceşti, upstream

MD_40 46,53886944 28,78519722 Cogîlnic Cimișlia, upstream

MD_41 46,55169444 28,92766667 Schinoasa Mihailovca

MD_45 46,53914472 29,13654472 Ceaga Taraclia, Căușeni

MD_47 46,32815556 28,65848611 Comrat Res. Comrat, upstream

MD_52 46,08234444 28,83748333 Lunga Ceadîr-Lunga, upstream

MD_53 46,05606944 28,82978333 Lunga Ceadîr-Lunga, downstream

MD_54 45,9392 28,59503333 Taraclia Res. Taraclia, upstream

Table 17: Current and proposed Operational Monitoring sites in rivers of the DPBS RBD.

SiteCode Latitude Longitude River / Reservoir Monitoring site

MD_7 46,49300556 28,23175 Prut Leova, 0.2 km upstream

MD_8 45,91819722 28,12196389 Prut Cahul, 3.5 km downstream

MD_13 48,27042778 27,42845 Ciuhur Bîrlădeni

MD_17 47,58888889 28,01491667 Gîrla Mare Catranîc, downstream

MD_18 47,50613889 27,78327778 Gîrla Mare Sărata Nouă

MD_21 46,89091667 28,40255556 Lăpușna Lăpușna

MD_22 46,5976 28,2634 Lăpuşna Sărata Rezeşi

MD_27 48,163 27,16936111 Racovăț Gordinești, upstream

MD_29 46,58772222 28,46280556 Sărata Vozneseni

MD_31 46,38061111 28,37438889 Tigheci Tigheci

MD_34 47,13080556 27,86369444 Varșava Valea Mare

MD_35 48,18344444 26,96255556 Vilia Tețcani

Table 18: Current and proposed Operational Monitoring sites in lakes and reservoirs of the DPBS RBD.

SiteCode Latitude Longitude River / Reservoir Monitoring site

MD_44 45,56714722 28,437775 Cahul Etulia, upstream

MD_48 45,77158611 28,57923889 Ialpug Mirnoe, upstream

MD_51 46,12532556 28,97781194 Kirghij - Kitai Tvardița, downstream

Table 19: Current and proposed hydrological monitoring sites in rivers and reservoirs of the DPBS RBD.

SiteCode Latitude Longitude River / Reservoir Monitoring site MD_H_1 48,253122 26,802815 river Lipcani MD_H_2 48,226885 26,834488 river Șirăuți MD_H_3 48,249706 26,958674 river Balasinești MD_H_4 48,12755 27,040423 river Lopatnic

27 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

SiteCode Latitude Longitude River / Reservoir Monitoring site MD_H_5 48,214489 27,110432 river Trinca MD_H_6 48,075202 27,15175 river Brânzeni MD_H_7 47,953695 27,269337 river Horodiște MD_H_8 47,906454 27,204208 reservoir Dumeni MD_H_9 47,840385 27,225678 reservoir Costești-Stânca MD_H_10 47,790917 27,249699 river Braniște MD_H_11 47,199806 27,787204 river Ungheni MD_H_12 46,792034 28,154668 river Leușeni MD_H_13 46,593 28,282686 river Sărata-Răzeși MD_H_14 46,493259 28,230997 river Leova MD_H_15 46,26017 28,128758 river Cantemir MD_H_16 45,917521 28,119447 river Cahul MD_H_17 45,66536 28,166761 river Brânza MD_H_18 46,332049 28,977952 river Basarabeasca MD_H_19 45,469045 28,211819 river Giurgiulești (Dunare) MD_H_20 47,840385 27,225678 reservoir Costești

Table 20: Survey sites during the EUWI+ project

River name Site name SWB Code Type HMWB at risk Latitude Longitude Black Sea Schinoasa Iserlia COG SCI 02 A_12_2 no Y 46°28'28.3"N 28°57'22.8"E downstream COG SCI 02 A_12_2 yes Y 46°28'4.52" 28°57'34.3"E Cogilnic Basarabeasca COG 05 A_12_2 yes Y 46°20'33.7"N 28°58'14.7"E upstream Hincesti COG 02 A_16_2 yes Y 46°49'58.26"N 28°35'51.39"E downstream v. Ecaterinovca COG 04 A_12_2 yes Y 46°34'41.7"N 28°45'59.1"E Trib. of r.Cogilnic upstream Cimislia COG 04 A_12_2 yes Y 46°32'07.9"N 28°47'23.1"E Lunga upstream Ceadar-Lunga IAL LUN 02 A_12_2 yes Y 46°04'56.44"N 28°50'14.94"E Lunga downstream Ceadar-Lunga IAL LUN 02 A_12_2 yes Y 46°03'21.85"N 28°49'47.22"E Ceaga Taraclia COG CEA 03 A_12_2 yes Y 46°34'56.2"N 29°6'8.4"E downstream COG CEA 03 A_12_2 yes Y 46°32'56.1"N 29°7'52.9"E Copceac s. Copceac SAR COP 01 A_12_1 yes Y 45°50'48.8"N 28°34'47.7"E downstream SAR COP 01 A_12_1 yes Y 46°25'56.1"N 29°31'2.5"E Babei Volontiri SAR BAB 02 A_12_2 yes Y 46°25'40.698"N 29°36'51.5"E Babei border with Ukraine SAR BAB 02 A_12_2 yes Y 46°22'22.9"N 29°36'29.1"E Caplani Antonesti HAD CAP 01 A_12_1 yes Y 46°29'31.120"N 29°50'46.1"E Caplani border with Ukraine HAD CAP 01 A_12_1 yes Y 46°22'9.6"N 29°52'26.1"E Cahul Etulia CAH_02 A_12_2 yes Y 45°34'01.73"N 28°26'15.99"E r.Chirghiz-Chitai Tvardita, upstream KIR 01 A_12_1 no Y 46°10'52.082"N 28°58'52.5"E r.Chirghiz-Chitai Tvardita, downstream KIR 01 A_12_1 no Y 46°7'31.172"N 28°58'40.123"E Djalar Stefanesti SAR_BAB_02 A_12_2 yes Y 46°26'29.223"N 29°41'46.6"E Danube-Prut Lunguta locality Tomai IAL LUN 02 A_12_2 yes Y 46°11'05.1"N 28°46'15.5"E Prut Leova MD0201/1 no na 46°29'34.82"N 28°13'54.30"E MDRivPRT- Prut Cahul MD0201/1 no na 45°55'5.51"N 28°07'19.07"E L-VL-Si-12 Prut Giurgiulesti MD0201/1 no na 45°28'18.45"N 28°11'52.26"E Salcia Mica localities Baimaclia IAL_SAL_01 A_12_1 yes Y 46°10'40.8"N 28°24'6.6"E Moscovei IAL_SAL_01 A_12_1 no Y 45°53'25.6"N 28°24'24.3"E Ialpug Besalma IAL_03 A_12_2 yes Y 46°09'33.3"N 28°37'49.3"E

28 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

River name Site name SWB Code Type HMWB at risk Latitude Longitude Mirnoe IAL_SAL_04 A_12_3 yes Y 45°44'4.394"N 28°34'58.9"E Balabanu IAL_04 A_12_2 yes Y 45°55'54.2"N 28°36'01.7"E Congaz IAL_03 A_12_2 yes Y 46°05'36.1"N 28°35'57.8"E mun. Comrat downstream IAL_03 A_12_2 yes Y 46°16'33.1"N 28°39'22.4"E

Table 21: Overview of parameters in the chemical monitoring in the DPBS RBD.

Parameter group Group n Parameter Relevant for … General phys.- Thermal conditions 1 Water temperature Ecological status chem.

Oxygen regime 4 Oxygen (conc., sat.), BOD5, COD Ecological status Salinity 10 TDS (mineralization), conductivity, chloride, Ecological status sulphate, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, sodium, potassium Nutrients 5 Total inorganic (mineral) nitrogen, nitrate, Ecological status ammonium, total phosphorus, orthophosphate Acidification 1 pH Ecological status Other 4 total suspended solids, turbidity, colour, Ecological status transparency National and WFD (Heavy) metals 6 Iron, copper, zinc, nickel, lead, cadmium Ecological and relevant pollutants chemical status Specific pollutants 5 phenols, petroleum products, anionic Chemical status p.p. detergents, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides

Table 22: Future capacities of the Laboratories for measuring the priority substances that are listed by the EU WFD and associated directives for surface water monitoring after re- accreditation.

priority priority Parameter in substance hazardous Frequency of Scope of Substance name [Y/N] substance [Y/N] sampling Analysis? [Y/N] Alachlor yes no 1 x/month no Anthracen yes yes 1 x/month yes Atrazine yes no 1 x/month no Benzene yes no 1 x/month no Brominated Diphenylether (Congeners with numbers 28, 47, yes yes 1 x/month no 99, 100, 153 and 154)1 Cadmium- and Cadmium compounds yes yes 1 x/month yes no no 1 x/quarter Carbon tetrachloride no

yes yes 1 x/month C10-13 Chloralkanes2 no

yes no 1 x/month Chlorfenvinphos no

Chlorpyrifos (Chlorpyrifos-Ethyl) yes no 1 x/month no Cyclodien Pesticides: yes Aldrin yes Dieldrin no no 1 x/quarter yes Endrin yes Isodrin no

29 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

priority priority Parameter in substance hazardous Frequency of Scope of Substance name [Y/N] substance [Y/N] sampling Analysis? [Y/N] DDT instotal no no 1 x/quarter no Para-para-DDT no no 1 x/quarter yes 1,2-Dichlorethane yes no 1 x/month no Dichlormethane yes no 1 x/month no Bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalat (DEHP) yes no 1 x/month no Diuron yes no 1 x/month no Endosulfan3 yes yes 1 x/month yes Fluoranthen yes no 1 x/month yes Hexachlorbenzene yes yes 1 x/month yes Hexachlorbutadien yes yes 1 x/month no Hexachlorcyclohexan4 yes yes 1 x/month yes Isoproturon yes no 1 x/month no Lead and Lead compounds yes no 1 x/month yes Mercury and mercury compounds yes yes 1 x/month yes Naphthalin yes no 1 x/month yes Nickel- and Nickel compounds yes no 1 x/month yes Nonylphenol (4-Nonylphenol)5 yes yes 1 x/month no 4-tert-Octylphenol ((4-(1,1′,3,3′- yes no 1 x/month no Tetramethylbutyl)-phenol)) Pentachlorbenzene yes yes 1 x/month no Pentachlorphenol yes no 1 x/month no Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons yes (PAH) Benzo(a)pyren yes

6 Benzo(b)fluoranthen yes yes 1 x/month yes Benzo(k)fluoranthen6 yes Benzo(g,h,i)-perylen yes Indeno(1,2,3-cd)-pyren yes Simazin yes no 1 x/month no Tetrachloroethylene no no 1 x/quarter no Trichloroethylene no no 1 x/quarter no Tributyltin compounds (Tributhyltin- yes yes 1 x/month no cation) Trichlorobenzene7 yes no 1 x/month no Trichlormethane yes no 1 x/month no Trifluralin yes yes 1 x/month no Dicofol yes yes 1 x/month no Perfluoroctanesulfonic acid (PFOA) yes yes 1 x/month no and derivatives (PFOS) Quinoxyfen yes yes 1 x/month no Dioxine and dioxinähnliche yes yes 1 x/month no compounds8 Aclonifen yes no 1 x/month no Bifenox yes no 1 x/month no Cybutryn yes no 1 x/month no

30 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)

priority priority Parameter in substance hazardous Frequency of Scope of Substance name [Y/N] substance [Y/N] sampling Analysis? [Y/N] Cypermethrin yes no 1 x/month no Dichlorvos yes no 1 x/month no Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD)9 yes yes 1 x/month no Heptachlor and Heptachlorepoxid10 yes yes 1 x/month yes Terbutryn yes no 1 x/month no

31 Surface Water Monitoring in the Danube-Prut and Black Sea River Basin District (Moldova)