DOCSLIB.ORG

The Genus Litsea in Traditional Chinese Medicine An

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Genus Litsea in Traditional Chinese Medicine An Journal of Ethnopharmacology 164 (2015) 256–264 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Ethnopharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jep Review The genus Litsea in traditional Chinese medicine: An ethnomedical, phytochemical and pharmacological review De-Gang Kong 1,a, Yu Zhao a,1, Guo-Hui Li b, Bang-Jiao Chen a, Xiao-Ning Wang a, Hong-Lei Zhou c, Hong-Xiang Lou a, Dong-Mei Ren a,n, Tao Shen a,n a Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China b Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, PR China c School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China article info abstract Article history: Ethnopharmacological relevance: The genus Litsea, mainly distributed in the tropical and subtropical Received 19 October 2014 regions, has been used in traditional and indigenous Chinese medicines for the treatment of diarrhea, Received in revised form stomachache, dyspepsia, gastroenteritis, diabetes, edema, cold, arthritis, asthma, pain, traumatic injury, 5 February 2015 etc. for a long history. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary on the Accepted 8 February 2015 ethnomedical uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the Litsea species used in traditional Chinese Available online 16 February 2015 medicine (TCM). Based on these data, evidences supporting their ethnopharmacological effectiveness are Keywords: illustrated, and opportunities for the future research and development as well as the therapeutic Litsea potential of this genus are analyzed to highlight the gaps in our knowledge that deserves further Phytochemistry investigation. Pharmacology Material and methods: Information on the Litsea species was collected via electronic search (using Ethnomedical uses Pubmed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Web of Science and CNKI) and a library search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Furthermore, information was also obtained from some local books on ethnopharmacology. Results: Twenty plants of the genus Litsea are found to be important traditional medicines in China, and have a long medicinal application for diarrhea, stomachache, dyspepsia, gastroenteritis, diabetes, edema, cold, arthritis, asthma, pain, traumatic injury, etc. Over 200 ingredients have been identified from these 20 Litsea species used in TCM, and flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids are considered as the characteristic and bioactive constituents. The crude extracts and the isolated metabolites of these medicinal plants have exhibited some in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, including antimicro- bial, hepatoprotection, anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic, immunomodulation, anti-diabetic, antichole- lithogenic, as well as function on central nervous system, etc. Conclusions: The extensive literature survey reveals Litsea species to be a group of important medicinal plants used for the ethnomedical treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes, inflammatory disorders, and microbial infection in TCM. Pharmacological investigations have supported the use of some Litsea species in the traditional medicines. In addition, further researches targeting individual ingredients responsible for the pharmacological effects, as well as their mechanisms of action are necessary. The outcome of these studies will further support the therapeutic potential of the genus Litsea, and provide convincing evidences to its future clinical applications in modern medicine. & 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CCAAT, cytidine–cytidine–adenosine–adenosine–thymidine; CHOP, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; FFA, free fatty acid; GC, gas chromatography; GRP 78, glucose regulated protein 78; GSH-PX, glutathione peroxidase; γ-GT, γ-glutamyltransferase; HA, hyaluronic acid; ICR, Institute for Cancer Research; IL-1, interleukin-1; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LN, laminin; MDA, malondialdehyde; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; PIIINP, procollagen III N-terminal peptide; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TC, total cholesterol; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine; TFLC, total flavonoids of Litsea coreana; TG, triglyceride; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor; TrACP, tartarate resistance phosphatase n Correspondence to: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, PR China. Tel.: þ86 531 88382028; fax: þ86 531 88382548. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (D.-M. Ren), [email protected] (T. Shen). 1 These two authors contributed equally. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.020 0378-8741/& 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. D.-G. Kong et al. / Journal of Ethnopharmacology 164 (2015) 256–264 257 Contents 1. Introduction........................................................................................................257 2. Ethnomedical uses. 257 3. Phytochemistry . 259 3.1. Flavonoids . 260 3.2. Terpenoids . 260 3.3. Alkaloids . 260 3.4. Butanolides and butenolactones . 260 3.5. Lignans . 260 3.6. Amides...................................................................................................... 260 3.7. Miscellaneous constituents . 260 4. Pharmacology . 260 4.1. Antimicrobial activity . 260 4.2. Hepatoprotection . 261 4.3. Anti-inflammatory activity . 261 4.4. Antiasthmatic activity . 261 4.5. Immunomodulation. 261 4.6. Anti-diabetes . 262 4.7. Function on central nervous system. 262 4.8. Anticholelithogenic activity. 262 4.9. Miscellaneous bioactivities . 262 5. Toxicology.........................................................................................................262 6. Conclusions . 262 Acknowledgments. 263 Appendix A. Supplementary data . 263 References.............................................................................................................263 1. Introduction 2007), and anti-diabetic properties (Sun et al., 2010), confirmed by experiments in vivo and in vitro. The genus Litsea, belonging to the family Lauraceae, contains Several reviews dealing with the phytochemistry and pharma- approximately 200 plant species, which are mainly distributed in cology of the genus Litsea have been reported. Two reviews focusing the tropical and subtropical regions around the world (Richter, 1981). on terpenoids and alkaloids from Litsea species and their biological It is documented that 74 plant species of this genus have been found activities have been published (Xie and Zhang, 1999; Zhao, 2006). in China, most of which are growing in the regions between 181 and Recently, Agrawal et al. (2011) comprehensively summarized the 341 north latitude of Southern and Southwest China, including Anhui, chemical ingredients isolated from the genus Litsea before the year Zhejiang, Fujian, Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet provinces (Flora of China of 2009, and also briefly introduced their biological activities. Editorial Committee, 1994). In the aspect of ethnomedicine,20 plants Different from writing objectives of above literatures, the present in Litsea species have a long history of use in traditional and review focuses on the research progress targeting the Litsea species indigenous Chinese medicines (Xie and Yu, 1996). Fruit of the plant used in TCM, to provide a comprehensive summary on the is the commonly prescribed medicinal part for the treatment of ethnomedical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of these gastrointestinal diseases, pain, asthma, and traumatic injury. Mean- plants. Besides, correlations of ethnomedical uses, phytochemistry while, the leaves, stems, velamina, roots and barks have also been and pharmacology have been discussed based on the research adopted to treat people suffering from stomachache, cold, pain, findings of these fields (Arora and Kaur, 2007; Mandal et al., arthritis, diarrhea, traumatic injury, etc.(Editorial Committee of 2000; Chen and Xu, 2013; Wang and Liu, 2010; Devib and Meera, Zhonghua Bencao National Traditional Chinese Herb Administration, 2010; Chen et al., 2004; Zhong et al., 2013; Zhang and Di, 2008; 1999; Xie and Yu, 1996; Xie and Liang, 1996). Zhou et al., 2007; Wang et al., 1999, 2009; Tu et al., 1985; Fang et al., A great deal of studies concerning the phytochemical and pharma- 2002; Qian et al., 1980; Yin et al., 2006; Lv et al., 2008). cological aspects of the genus Litsea have been carried out. More than 200 chemical ingredients, covering flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, butanolides and butenolactones, lignans, amides, steroids, fatty acids, 2. Ethnomedical uses megastigmanes, etc., have hitherto been isolated from these 20 plants medicinally used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Of these Common names, ethnomedical uses and medicinal parts of the chemical ingredients, flavonoids and terpenoids are regarded as the Litsea species used in TCM are listed in Table 1. On the basis of our two groups of bioactive substances that are responsible for the investigations, 20 Litsea species are used in a Chinese ethnomedi- observed pharmacological effects of Litsea species (Chen et al., 2004; cal system (Xie and Yu, 1996). Fruits, roots, leaves and barks of Tang et al., 2013; Wan et al., 2006; Wang and Liu, 2010; Wang et al., these plant species are adopted for the therapy of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Following Carcinogenic Essential Oils Should Not Be Used In
    Aromatherapy Undiluted- Safety and Ethics Copyright © Tony Burfield and Sylla Sheppard-Hanger (2005) [modified from a previous article “A Brief Safety Guidance on Essential Oils” written for IFA, Sept 2004]. Intro In the last 20 years aromatherapy has spread its influence to the household, toiletries and personal care areas: consumer products claiming to relax or invigorate our psyche’s have invaded our bathrooms, kitchen and living room areas. The numbers of therapists using essential oils in Europe and the USA has grown from a handful in the early 1980’s to thousands now worldwide. We have had time to add to our bank of knowledge on essential oils from reflecting on many decades of aromatherapeutic development and history, the collection of anecdotal information from practicing therapists, as well as from clinical & scientific investigations. We have also had enough time to consider the risks in employing essential oils in therapy. In the last twenty years, many more people have had accidents, been ‘burnt’, developed rashes, become allergic, and become sensitized to our beloved tools. Why is this? In this paper, we hope to shed light on this issue, clarify current safety findings, and discuss how Aromatherapists and those in the aromatherapy trade (suppliers, spas, etc.) can interpret this data for continued safe practice. After a refresher on current safety issues including carcinogenic and toxic oils, irritant and photo-toxic oils, we will look at allergens, oils without formal testing, pregnancy issues and medication interactions. We will address the increasing numbers of cases of sensitization and the effect of diluting essential oils.
    [Show full text]
  • A Compilation and Analysis of Food Plants Utilization of Sri Lankan Butterfly Larvae (Papilionoidea)
    MAJOR ARTICLE TAPROBANICA, ISSN 1800–427X. August, 2014. Vol. 06, No. 02: pp. 110–131, pls. 12, 13. © Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia & Taprobanica Private Limited, Homagama, Sri Lanka http://www.sljol.info/index.php/tapro A COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS OF FOOD PLANTS UTILIZATION OF SRI LANKAN BUTTERFLY LARVAE (PAPILIONOIDEA) Section Editors: Jeffrey Miller & James L. Reveal Submitted: 08 Dec. 2013, Accepted: 15 Mar. 2014 H. D. Jayasinghe1,2, S. S. Rajapaksha1, C. de Alwis1 1Butterfly Conservation Society of Sri Lanka, 762/A, Yatihena, Malwana, Sri Lanka 2 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Larval food plants (LFPs) of Sri Lankan butterflies are poorly documented in the historical literature and there is a great need to identify LFPs in conservation perspectives. Therefore, the current study was designed and carried out during the past decade. A list of LFPs for 207 butterfly species (Super family Papilionoidea) of Sri Lanka is presented based on local studies and includes 785 plant-butterfly combinations and 480 plant species. Many of these combinations are reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. The impact of introducing new plants on the dynamics of abundance and distribution of butterflies, the possibility of butterflies being pests on crops, and observations of LFPs of rare butterfly species, are discussed. This information is crucial for the conservation management of the butterfly fauna in Sri Lanka. Key words: conservation, crops, larval food plants (LFPs), pests, plant-butterfly combination. Introduction Butterflies go through complete metamorphosis 1949). As all herbivorous insects show some and have two stages of food consumtion.
    [Show full text]
  • Five Hundred Plant Species in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java a Checklist Including Sundanese Names, Distribution and Use
    Five hundred plant species in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java A checklist including Sundanese names, distribution and use Hari Priyadi Gen Takao Irma Rahmawati Bambang Supriyanto Wim Ikbal Nursal Ismail Rahman Five hundred plant species in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java A checklist including Sundanese names, distribution and use Hari Priyadi Gen Takao Irma Rahmawati Bambang Supriyanto Wim Ikbal Nursal Ismail Rahman © 2010 Center for International Forestry Research. All rights reserved. Printed in Indonesia ISBN: 978-602-8693-22-6 Priyadi, H., Takao, G., Rahmawati, I., Supriyanto, B., Ikbal Nursal, W. and Rahman, I. 2010 Five hundred plant species in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java: a checklist including Sundanese names, distribution and use. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. Photo credit: Hari Priyadi Layout: Rahadian Danil CIFOR Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede Bogor Barat 16115 Indonesia T +62 (251) 8622-622 F +62 (251) 8622-100 E [email protected] www.cifor.cgiar.org Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) CIFOR advances human wellbeing, environmental conservation and equity by conducting research to inform policies and practices that affect forests in developing countries. CIFOR is one of 15 centres within the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). CIFOR’s headquarters are in Bogor, Indonesia. It also has offices in Asia, Africa and South America. | iii Contents Author biographies iv Background v How to use this guide vii Species checklist 1 Index of Sundanese names 159 Index of Latin names 166 References 179 iv | Author biographies Hari Priyadi is a research officer at CIFOR and a doctoral candidate funded by the Fonaso Erasmus Mundus programme of the European Union at Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Propagation, Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Profiles of Litsea Glutinosa (Lour.) C
    Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 23(2): 165‐171, 2014 (June) PROPAGATION, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILES OF LITSEA GLUTINOSA (LOUR.) C. B. ROBINSON TAHMINA HAQUE, MOHAMMAD ZASHIM UDDIN1, MIHIR LAL SAHA, MD. ABDUL MAZID2 AND MD. ABUL HASSAN Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka‐1000, Bangladesh Key words: Propagation, Antibacterial properties, Phytochemical profile, Litsea glutinosa Abstract The propagation, antibacterial activity and phytochemical profiles of Litsea glutinosa have been focused. Percentage of viable seed was 70 by tetrazolium‐ chloride staining technique, while germination rates were 75, 70, 55 and 20% in clay loam soil, clay loam: compost, compost and sand, respectively. Propagation of basal cutting in clay loam soil under the sun was faster than the apical stem cuttings. Both the ethanolic and water soluble extracts of the leaves and bark showed against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter intermedium, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. Phytochemical profiling of the bark of L. glutinosa showed the presence of a number of secondary metabolites including steroids and terpenoids. The isolated compounds from ethanolic bark extract (T‐1 and T‐3) were identified as stigmasterol and ‐sitosterol, respectively by comparing the 1H‐NMR data of the isolated compounds with that of the published data. Introduction Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Robinson is very important from economical, medicinal and conservation point of view. The plant has ethno‐medicinal uses in diarrhea, dysentery and rheumatism. It is also used as antispasmodic and in wound healing(1). The leaf extract also show antibacterial and cardiovascular activities(2, 3). The bark of this tree also used in the preparation of energy tonic(4).
    [Show full text]
  • Olfactometer Screening of Repellent Essential Oils Against the Pollen Beetle (Meligethes Spp.)
    Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau Institut de recherche de l’agriculture biologique Research Institute of Organic Agriculture Istituto di ricerche dell’agricoltura biologica Instituto de investigaciones para la agricultura orgánica C. Daniel EXCELLENCE FOR SUSTAINABILITY Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse 21, CH-5070 Frick, Switzerland, [email protected] Olfactometer screening of repellent essential oils against the pollen beetle (Meligethes spp.). Odour 1 Odour 2 Air flow Introduction Organic agricultural methods to control pol- in spring. Non-host odors can have repellent len beetle (Meligethes spp.) are limited and effects on pollen beetles (Maucheline 2005). alternatives are needed. The beetles use olfac- We compared the repellent effects of 15 differ- tory cues to locate oilseed rape fields during immigration ent essential oils using a Y-tube-olfactometer. Material and methods Tested essential oils: � Y-tube-olfactometer described by Belz et al. 2013. � Cornmint (Mentha arvensis), � Essential oils diluted 1:10 in acetone; 40 µl applied on filter paper. � Orange (Citrus sinensis), � Filter papers + a flower cluster of oilseed rape were placed in the � Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens), odour containers of the olfactometer (control treatment: filter papers � Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), with acetone +flower). � Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), � Beetles were released individually into the olfactometer. � Fir needle (Abies sibirica), � The beetles’ choices were recorded. � Lemon (Citrus limon), � Six replicates with six beetles each were conducted. � Tea-tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), � Repellency values (RV) = nb of beetles on the untreated flower / total � Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), nb of beetles. � Star anise (Illicium verrum), � Wilcoxon signed rank test to test whether mean RV significantly differ- � Grapefruit white (Citrus paradisi), ent from 0.5.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of 34 Plant Essential Oils Against Alternaria Alternata
    E3S Web o f Conferences 136, 06006 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20191360 6006 ICBTE 2019 In vitro antibacterial activity of 34 plant essential oils against Alternaria alternata Qiyu Lu1, Ji Liu2, Caihong Tu2, Juan Li3, Chunlong Lei3, Qiliang Guo2, Zhengzhou Zhang2, Wen Qin1* 1College of Food Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China 2Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China 3 Institute of Animal Science, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China Abstract. To determine the antibacterial effect of 34 plant essential oils on Alternaria alternata, 34 plant essential oils such as asarum essential oil, garlic essential oil, and mustard essential oil are used as inhibition agents to isolate A. alternata from citrus as indicator bacteria, through the bacteriostasis test and drug susceptibility test, the types of essential oils with the best inhibitory effect were screened and their concentration was determined. The results showed that the best inhibition effect was mustard essential oil with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250 μl/L and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 250 μl/L. Followed by the Litsea cubeba essential oil and basil oil, the minimum inhibitory concentration is 500 μl/L. 1 Introduction quality and safety. A. alternata is the main fungus causing post-harvest disease of Pitaya, and the Citrus is a general term for orange, mandarin, orange, antibacterial effect of using cinnamon oil and clove oil is kumquat, pomelo, and medlar. Citrus is the world's good [10]. Clove oil can effectively inhibit the growth of largest fruit, rich in sugar, organic acids, mineral A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Litsea Genome and the Evolution of the Laurel Family
    The Litsea genome and the evolution of the laurel family Chen et al 1 Supplementary Note 1. Sample preparation for Litsea cubeba genome sequencing For genome sequencing, we collected buds of L. cubeba. Genomic DNA was extracted using a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol. For transcriptome analysis, we collected leaves, flowers, and roots from L. cubeba in Zhejiang Province, China, using a karyotype of 2n = 24 (Supplementary Figure 2a). Genome sizes can be determined from the total number of k-mers, divided by the peak value of the k-mer distribution1. To estimate the genome size of L. cubeba, we used a 350 bp pair-end library with 93.08 Gb high-quality reads to calculate the distribution of k-mer values, and found the main peak to be 54 (Supplementary Figure 2b). We estimated the L. cubeba genome size as 1370.14 Mbp, with a 1% heterozygosity rate and a 70.59% repeat sequence, based on an analysis of k-mer-numbers/depths. We used k-mer 41 to obtain a preliminary assembly of L. cubeba, with a scaffold N50 size of 776 bp and a corresponding contig N50 size of 591 bp. Supplementary Note 2. Whole genome duplication analysis in Laurales The KS peaks for WGDs in L. cubeba are both younger (smaller KS values) than the orthologous KS peak between L. cubeba and V. vinifera, implying that the two WGD events are specific to Magnoliids. To compare the WGD peaks of L. cubeba and the speciation events in the lineage of Magnoliids, we performed relative rate tests and corrected orthologous KS peaks between L.
    [Show full text]
  • Herbs, Spices and Essential Oils
    Printed in Austria V.05-91153—March 2006—300 Herbs, spices and essential oils Post-harvest operations in developing countries UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria Telephone: (+43-1) 26026-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26926-69 UNITED NATIONS FOOD AND AGRICULTURE E-mail: [email protected], Internet: http://www.unido.org INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION OF THE ORGANIZATION UNITED NATIONS © UNIDO and FAO 2005 — First published 2005 All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: - the Director, Agro-Industries and Sectoral Support Branch, UNIDO, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria or by e-mail to [email protected] - the Chief, Publishing Management Service, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected] The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization or of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnopharmacological Properties and Medicinal Uses of Litsea Cubeba
    plants Review Ethnopharmacological Properties and Medicinal Uses of Litsea cubeba Madhu Kamle 1, Dipendra K. Mahato 2, Kyung Eun Lee 3, Vivek K. Bajpai 4, Padam Raj Gajurel 1, Kang Sang Gu 3,5,* and Pradeep Kumar 1,* 1 Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli 791109, India; [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (P.R.G.) 2 School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; [email protected] 3 Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea; [email protected] 4 Department of Energy and Material Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; [email protected] 5 Stemforce, 302 Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (K.S.G.); [email protected] (P.K.) Received: 8 May 2019; Accepted: 30 May 2019; Published: 1 June 2019 Abstract: The genus Litsea is predominant in tropical and subtropical regions of India, China, Taiwan, and Japan. The plant possesses medicinal properties and has been traditionally used for curing various gastro-intestinal ailments (e.g., diarrhea, stomachache, indigestion, and gastroenteritis) along with diabetes, edema, cold, arthritis, asthma, and traumatic injury. Besides its medicinal properties, Litsea is known for its essential oil, which has protective action against several bacteria, possesses antioxidant and antiparasitic properties, exerts acute and genetic toxicity as well as cytotoxicity, and can even prevent several cancers. Here we summarize the ethnopharmacological properties, essentials oil, medicinal uses, and health benefits of an indigenous plant of northeast India, emphasizing the profound research to uplift the core and immense potential present in the conventional medicine of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Essential Oils
    Essential oils www.inoviainternational.co.uk PRODUCT CODE PRODUCT CODE Amyris Oil 30314 Coriander Oil 30107 Angelica Root Oil 31063 Cumin Seed Oil 30266 Aniseed Oil 30385 Cypress Oil 30256 Balsam Copaiba 70094 Dill Seed Oil 330446 Balsam Peru oil 330362 Elemi Oil 30466 Basil Oil (Linalool) 330483 Eucalyptus Oil Citriodora 30632 Basil Oil (Methyl Chavicol) 30296 Eucalyptus Oil Globulus 30298 Bay Oil West Indian 31398 Eucalyptus Oil Radiata 330421 Benzoin Pourable 30438 Eucalyptus Oil Smithii 30814 Benzoin Resinoid Sumatra 60097 Fennel Oil Sweet 30322 Bergamot Oil FCF 330511 Frankincense Oil 330525 Bergamot Oil FCF / BPC (NI) 30239 Galbanum Oil 330523 Birch Oil Sweet 330437 Garlic Oil 30102 Black Pepper Oil 30313 Geranium Oil Bourbon 330514 Blood Orange Oil 32188 Geranium Oil Bourbon(NI) 31135 Cade Oil Rectified 30679 Geranium Oil Chinese 30302 Cajeput Oil 30249 Geranium Oil Egyptian 30384 Camphor Oil 30110 Ginger Oil 30367 Caraway Seed Oil 30514 Grapefruit Oil White 30228 Cardamom Oil 330510 Helichrysum Oil 31058 Cardamon Oil (NI) 31212 Ho wood Oil 31038 Carrot Seed Oil 30295 Hyssop Oil 30281 Cassia Oil 30434 Juniper Needle Oil 330480 Catnip Oil 31461 Juniperberry Oil 31076 Cedarwood Oil Atlas 31088 Labdanum Oil 31929 Cedarwood Oil Chinese 30282 Lavandin Oil Grosso 30293 Cedarwood Oil Texas 31118 Lavender Oil English 330537 Cedarwood Virginiana 330501 Lavender Oil Bulgarian 30841 Celery Seed Oil 30451 Lavender Oil French Pure 330348 Chamomile Oil German (blue) 31412 Lavender Oil 40/42 (NI) 30279 Chamomile Oil Maroc 330527 Lavender Oil Spike
    [Show full text]
  • Pollination Ecology of Litsea Glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Robinson (Lauraceae): a Commercially and Medicinally Important Semi-Evergreen Tree Species
    Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. 41 (1), 30-36, Jan. – Feb. 2019 Original Article Pollination ecology of Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Robinson (Lauraceae): A commercially and medicinally important semi-evergreen tree species K. Venkata Ramana1 and A. Jacob Solomon Raju2* 1 Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003 India 2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003 India Received: 8 April 2017; Revised: 9 August 2017; Accepted: 18 September 2017 Abstract Litsea glutinosa is a semi-evergreen wet season blooming tree species. It is a dioecious plant characterized by separate staminate and pistillate trees occurring in a 3:1 ratio. The inflorescence is a solitary and compound pseudo-umbel consisting of involucral bracts each producing several staminate or pistillate nectariferous florets. The florets display myophilous pollination syndrome and are pollinated by flies as well as other insects. The natural fruit set does not exceed 30%. The Bruchus beetle is a fruit pest that causes infestation of 23% of total fruits produced. Fruit dispersal occurs by gravity and by the Indian giant squirrel (Ratufa indica). Keywords: Litsea glutinosa, dioecy, myophily, fruit infestation 1. Introduction distributed in China, 12 species in Nepal, 11 species in Bhutan, 6 in Bangladesh and Myanmar, 4 in Sri Lanka, and 2 Litsea is one of the largest genera of Lauraceae and in Pakistan (Bhuinya, Singh, & Mukherjee, 2010). This genus many species under this genus form an important component has 28 species in the evergreen forests of the Himalaya and 25 of tropical forests. It consists of over 300 species distributed species in the Deccan Peninsula (Bhatt & Pandya, 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Different Solvent Extracted Samples from Medicinally Important Litsea Glutinosa
    In vitro antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of different solvent extracted samples from medicinally important Litsea glutinosa Jehan Bakht1*, Muhammad Farooq1 and Arshad Iqbal2 1Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan 2Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan Abstract: The present research work investigate the antimicrobial activities of crude methanolic extracted samples from the leaves of Litsea glutinosa against different microorganisms through disc diffusion assay applied in two different concentrations of 1 and 2mg disc1. The tested microbial species included B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and C. albicans. The crude methanolic extract was applied in two different concentrations of 1 and 2mg disc1. Analysis of the data revealed that crude methanolic extracted samples showed different ranges of antimicrobial activities against all the tested microbes at both concentrations. Maximum growth inhibition was measured against gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by the fungal specie Candida albicans. In case of Petroleum extracted fractions maximum growth reduction was measured in Candida albicans at higher concentration. Similarly, growth inhibition was more in Pseudomonas aeruginosa at higher concentration of aqueous extracted samples. Different solvent extracted samples showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, fats, oils, tannins, carbohydrates, sterols and saponins. Keywords: Antimicrobial, solvent, phytochemical analysis, Litsea glutinosa. INTRODUCTION present in the plant (Briskin, 2000). Presently many pharmaceutically important bio-active agents are isolated Herbal medicines are in use by human beings since from wild or cultivated plants (Caldentey and Inze, 2004). ancient times. These herbal medicines as therapeutic There are 2600 plant species of which more than 700 are agents possessed many advantages i.e.
    [Show full text]