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CHARLES BULFINCH HOUSE (LATER the HUI‘EL WATERYTON), 8 BLJLFINCH PL.ACE, BOSTON, 179'2Y1794 Frolll 3 Photograph Ta!Ien in Jmwr!, , 9 I )

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CHARLES BULFINCH HOUSE (LATER the HUI‘EL WATERYTON), 8 BLJLFINCH PL.ACE, BOSTON, 179'2Y1794 Frolll 3 Photograph Ta!Ien in Jmwr!, , 9 I ) CHARLES BULFINCH HOUSE (LATER THE HUI‘EL WATERYTON), 8 BLJLFINCH PL.ACE, BOSTON, 179'2y1794 Frolll 3 photograph ta!ien in Jmwr!, , 9 I ):. OLD-TIME NEW ENGLAND d ’ Quarterly &?agaxine Devoted‘ to the dncient BuiZdings, Household Fumirhings, Domestic A-ts, &?anners and Customs, and ZKinor dntiquities of th 3\cew England Teople BULLETIN OF THE SCUETY FOR THE PRESERVATIONOF NEW ENGLAND ANTIQUITIES Volume LII, No. :! October-December, I 96 I Serial No. I 86 Charles Bulfinch and Boston’s Vanishing West End By ABBOT LOWELL CUMMINGS WO large-scale land clearance sarily historic landmarks these houses projects in Boston’s early West were nevertheless distinguished by their T End during 1960 and 1961 have good lines, many original features, and a created a devastation here unmatched patina which only time and associations since that of the fire of I 872 in the down- can create. It must always be a source of town area. It is true that the two most regret that a policy of “spot” renewal was important local monuments, Asher Ben- not establishedhere--removing the hope- jamin’s West End Church of 1806 and lessly decayed while saving those build- the Harrison Gray Otis House, designed ings which could be rehabilitated-there- by Charles Bulfinch in 1795, have been by preserving the basic character of this spared. Beyond these, however, whole picturesque part of the City. Instead just blocks of buildings have been indiscrimi- that much more has been lost of Boston’s nately leveled. individual character and quality which Clearance north of Cambridge Street, have so long attracted tourists from all a project under urban renewal, has been over the country. For these many Amer- aimed at replacing blighted structures icans Boston represents a tangible link with modern housing units in a thorough- with the past. The present and future are ly redesigned environment. Some of the elsewhere all about them. Will they not buildings swept away were obviously be- think it something of a paradox in a na- yond reclamation, but the ancient street tion whose architects from coast to coast pattern, the eighteenth-century street design countless imitations of New Eng- names, and many pleasant small brick land’s Colonial- and Federal-style houses town housesof the period between 1800 that here in her most historic city we busi- and 1850 had survived in only partially ly stave down the genuine article-whole run-down condition. Though not neces- streets at a time? Later generations who 3’ 32 Old-Time New England examine our twentieth-century protesta- With this background young Charles tions of interest in an American heritage Bulfinch, having graduated from Har- will find such raids on cultural capital vard and recently returned from a grand totally incomprehensible. tour of England and the Continent, ap- While for the most part the many ear- peared, quite normally, in the first Bos- ly houses,now demolished, were without ton Directory of 1789 as “gentleman.” important historic associationsthere was He had married Miss Hannah Apthorp one near-tragic exception in the house a year earlier on November 20, 1788, designed by Boston’s famed architect, and their residence as listed in the Di- Charles B&inch, presumably for his rectory was on Marlborough Street, the own residence in 1793 or 1794. Stand- name then given to that part of the pres- ing as it did just west of Bowdoin Square ent Washington Street which extended in the second of the two clearance areas from Summer to School Street. They re- on land earmarked for a new State of- turned shortly to the West End and the fice building, and having been altered vicinity of Bowdoin Square, however, almost beyond recognition, there was lit- and aside from the years in Washington tle possibility from the outset of its being continued to live in this neighborhood saved. Several remaining original fea- for the rest of their lives. tures, however, made this building well The first of these West End residences worth careful study, particularly in light was in Southack’s Court, the modern of its documented association with the Howard Street, where Bulfinch is located man described by Asher Benjamin as by the Boston City Assessorsin 1790. New England’s first “professed Archi- The house itself, owned by Dr. Thomas tect,“l--one whose consummate skill Bulfinch, was shortly to become the drew him finally to Washington as archi- home of George and Anna (B&inch) tect of the Nation’s capitol. Storer, the architect’s sister and brother- Our study of this house and land be- in-law. Bulfinch was still here, however, gins in the second quarter of the eight- as late as May 4-5, 1795, when the As- eenth century when Bowdoin Square was sessorsmade their rounds for that year.” a quiet aristocratic neighborhood whose In the meantime he had purchased the fine mansions with their gardens contrast land on which he planned to build. The sharply with the fire station and macadam site had originally been part of a “Tract of today. Along the east side of the of Pasture Land” belonging to Richard Square, where now stands the telephone Middlecot which comprised some four building, was the three-story frame house acres, extending along Cambridge Street with gambrel roof belonging to Dr. from the middle of the block bounded Thomas Bulfinch. Here the future ar- now by Bulfinch and Bowdoln Streets chitect was born on August 8, 1763. Al- nearly to Temple Street, and stretching though, as he later writes, his earliest south up the Hill almost to Ashburton recollections in life centered around the Place. On December 12, 1727, follow- disturbancesleading up to the Revolution ing Mr. Middlecot’s death, the “Pasture” and the British occupation of Boston, the was broken up into “four Dividends each B&inch home, one gathers, was never- Dividend containing five parcells of thelessone in which could be found both Land” which were then apportioned ease of circumstance and reflective calm. amongst four surviving heirs. Each of Bulfinchand Bostons’ VanishingWest End 33 FIG. I. BOWDOIN SQUARE AND VICINITY Detail of John G. Hale’s Map of Boston, I 814 (from a facsimile). (I) Charles Bulfinch House, (2) Joseph Coolidge, Sr., House, (3) Blake-Tuckerman House, (4) Dr. Thomas Bulfinch House, (5) JosephCoolidge, Jr., House, (6) Kirk Boott House, (7) George Storer House (or site), (8) Clap-Bulfinch-Watson House, (9) Stephen Codman House. “Brick or Stone Buildings are etch’d parallel to their sides.” “Wood Buildings are etch’d diagonally.” these dividends, we are told in the rec- bridge street . Extending Southerly to ord, was assigned a letter, “which Let- the Rear of the sd pasture Land . to lay ters being wrote Seperately on a distinct open free i? unincumbered forever. .“3 peice of Paper were folded up and put The twenty parcels were ranged on ei- into a hatt,” and a “disinterested” person ther side of the forty-foot “way” which was instructed to pick them out at ran- became known as Middlecot (now Bow- dom. Before these parcels were “Sur- doin) Street. veyed measured and platted,” however, During the years which followed these the representatives appointed by the Gen- lots were gradually sold by Richard Mid- eral Court reported that they “first laid dlecot’s heirs, and some of them had been out away of forty feet wide in the Middle built upon before the middle of the cen- of the sd Pasture thro the depth of the . tury. A second tract of pasture land, ly- Land from the front thereof in Cam- ing along the eastern line of Middlecot’s 34 Old-Time New England pasture and belonging to the heirs of heirs on March 3 I, I 7 29, to Jacob Park- Samuel Lynde, remained undivided and er of Boston, “Bricklayer,” and there virtually undeveloped. On July 22, was a “Dwelling House” on the proper- 1754, this land was sold to the first Dr. ty by March I I, I 735, when Parker ex- Thomas Bulfinch, the architect’s grand- ecuted a mortgage for f25o. On Janu- father,’ and was known locally through- ary I, 1.757, one John Adams, adminis- out the remainder of ‘the eighteenth cen- trator of Parker’s estate, sold it to Otis’ tury as “Bulfinch’s pasture.” In the in- father-in-law. An unusually interesting ventory of the Doctor’s estate, presented deed for this property is on file, drawn by April 3, 1761, it is described as “a large the Loyalist Harrison Gray in London Pasture wtb Wooden Coach House there- on July 13, 1784. “Whereas since the . abt 3 acres” and appraised at marriage of Samuel Allyne Otis Esquire ?3oo.’ The frontage was narrow, only with my Daughter Elizabeth,” he begins, one hundred and forty-eight feet along “to wit in the year One thousand seven Bowdoin Square opposite the Doctor’s hundred and Sixty four. I permitted the house, but in depth the land extended said Otis to live in my house . which to Ashburton Place. The eastern boun- . I purchased of John Adams . dary correspondedroughly with the mod- [and] Whereas the said Otis has ever ern Bulfinch Street and Allston Place. since occupied said house and lands and When Bulfinch prepared to build on is now in actual possessionof them . his lot there were several older dwellings [and] in Consideration of the love I bear already standing in the neighborhood in him & in Consideration of the love and what had been Middlecot’s pasture. Im- affection I bear his dear Children by my mediately to the south was a house on the late daughter Elizabeth .
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