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A Review on Alternanthera Sessilis V IAJPS 2017, 4 (09), 2845-2852 V. Laxmi Sravani et al ISSN 2349-7750 CODEN [USA]: IAJPBB ISSN: 2349-7750 INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.888221 Available online at: http://www.iajps.com Review Article A REVIEW ON ALTERNANTHERA SESSILIS V. Laxmi Sravani, Zarafsha Abbas*, Pallati Surya Faculty of Pharmacy, RGR Siddhanthi College of Pharmacy, Secunderabad, Telangana, India Abstract: Althernanthra sessilis commonly called as sessile joyweed and dwarf copperleaf is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is used as a vegetable specially in sri lanka and some asian countries. In certain regions of South East Asia, the leaves and young shoots are consumed as vegetables in karnataka, andhra pradesh and tamil Nadu, the leaves, flowers and tender stems are consumed as vegetables. As an herbal medicine, the plant has diuretic, cooling, tonic and laxative properties. It has been used for the treatment of dysuria and haemmorrhoids. The plant is also believed to be beneficial for the eyes, and is used as an ingredient in the making of medicinal hair oils and Kajal. Key Words:Sessile joyweed, ponnaganti, campesterol, anti-diabetic activity, anti-microbial activity. Corresponding author: V. Laxmi Sravani, QR code Faculty of Pharmacy, RGR Siddhanthi College of Pharmacy, Secunderabad, Telangana, India. E-Mail: [email protected] Please cite this article in press as V. Laxmi Sravani et al, A Review on Alternanthera Sessilis, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2017; 4(09). www.iajps.com Page 2845 IAJPS 2017, 4 (09), 2845-2852 V. Laxmi Sravani et al ISSN 2349-7750 INTRODUCTION: Vernacular Names Althernanthra sessilis is an annual or perennial herb Tamil:Ponnankanni ,Citai,Koduppai 0.2-1 m high, with strong taproots. The leaves are Malayalam: Meenamgani,Ponnankannikkira simple, opposite, shortly petiolate or sessile, broadly Sanskrit:Matsyaki, lonica lanceolate or spatulate to almost linear, 0.6-5 cm Hindi:Gudrisag, Garundi long, and 0.3-1 cm wide. They are attenuated at the Kannada:Honagone soppu base, and the apex is acute blunt, with entire, Telugu:Ponnagantikura glabrous or pilose (thin, fine, articulate hairs) Bengali:Chanchi, Haicha, Sachishak margins. The inflorescences are dense, sessile, Marathi:Kanchari silvery-white clusters of compressed spikes in the Manipuri:Phakchet leaf axils; perianth segments are equal in length, acute, 1.5-2.5 mm long with a short point. Bracts are Other Geographical names: ovate, concave, 0.3-1 mm long and persistent; French:Brede Chevrette, Magloire. bracteoles are oblong-ovate, 1-1.5 mm long, may be Portuguese:Bredo-D, Periquito-Sessil,Perpétua. acute, and not deeply lacerated. Sepals are 2-3 mm Indonesian:Daun Tolod long, white or purplish, glossy with a green base, Malaysia:Keremak. glabrous or with a few long hairs, and a strong Sinhalese:Mukunu-Wenna midrib. The fruits are indehiscent, a small, flattened, Chinese:Lian Zi Cao, Bai Hua Z[12] obcordate or obovate utricle, 2-2.5 mm long, enclosing the seed. Seeds are dark-brown to black, disc-shaped and shiny, about 0.8-1 mm in diameter. They are light sensitive.[1] A decoction is recommended as an herbal remedy to treat wounds, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, cough, bronchitis, diarrhea, curative, protective or promote purposes. Its root can relieve inflamed wounds. A. sessilis is used as a local medicine often in mixtures with other medicinal plants, to treat hepatitis, tight chest, Fig:1 Althernanthra sessilis bronchitis, asthma and other lung troubles. The leaves and shoots boiled and drunk as an Chemical Constituents: antihypertensive remedy.[11] Herb contains hydrocarbons, ester, and sterols, such as stigmasterol, campesterol, ß-sitosterol, a- & ß- DISTRIBUTION spinasterol, a-stigmasteanol and palmitates of sterol; In Noakhali district of Bangladesh, the plant is used it also contains 24-methylenecycloartanol and to treat gonorrhea, low sperm count and leucorrhea. cycloeucalenol. Saponins have been isolated from the In several areas of Faridapur and Rajbari districts of leaves. Roots contain lupeol. Young shoots contain Bangladesh, the plants are used by folk medicinal protein and iron. It also contains 5-a -stigmasta-7- practitioners fpr treatment of severe pain. The tribals enol.[10] of Bargarh district, India use the plant to treat blood dysentery. Different communities of Uttra Khannada ACTIVITIES REPORTED ON ALTERNANTHERA district of Karnataka, India use the plant to treat SESSILIS: ulcers, cuts and wounds. The Irula tribals of Kalavai, 1. ANTIHYPERGLYCIMIC ACTIVITY: Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India, treat headache, Plant material collection: Aerial parts (leaves and hepatitis and asthama with the plant. [2] stems) of A.sessilis were collected. TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION Preparation of methanolic extract of aerial parts: Domain: Eukaryota Aerial parts were cut into small pieces, air-dried in Kingdom: Plantae the shade, and 100 g of dried and powdered leaves Phylum: Spermatophyta and stems was extracted with methanol (w:v ratio of Subphylum: Angiospermae 1:6, final weight of the extract 8.03 g). Class: Dicotyledonae Chemicals and drugs: Glibenclamide, aspirin, and Order: Caryophyllales glucose Family: Amaranthaceae Animals: Swiss albino mice (male) Genus: Alternanthera Oral glucose tolerance tests for evaluation of Species:Alternanthera antihyperglycemic activity www.iajps.com Page 2846 IAJPS 2017, 4 (09), 2845-2852 V. Laxmi Sravani et al ISSN 2349-7750 The fastened mice were grouped into six groups of 5 distilled water and left for 72 hours. The mixture was mice each. stirred at 6 hours intervals using a sterile glass rod. At Group 1: Received vehicle the end, the extract was passed through filter paper. Group 2: Received standard drug The filtrates were concentrated with the aid of a Group 3-6: Received extract (MEAAS) at doses of vacuum pump and rotavapour at 400 C. The 50,100,200 and 400 mg per kg body weight. concentrated extract was refrigerated prior to use. Following a period of one hour, all mice were orally Animals: Albino Swiss mice administered 2 g glucose/kg of body weight. Blood The experiment was performed by inducing diarrhoea samples were collected 120 minutes after the glucose using castor oil. administration through puncturing heart. Blood glucose levels were measured by glucose oxidase Table: 2 method. The percent lowering of blood glucose levels were calculated according to the formula described below. Percent lowering of blood glucose level= (1–We/Wc)×100, Where We and Wc represent the bloog glucose concentration in glibenclamide or MEAAS administered mice (Group 2-6), and control mice (Group 1) respectively. Antihyperglycemic activity evaluation results Administration of MEAAS at doses of 50, 100, 200 Results and Discussion and 400 mg per kg body weight, the concentration of The results indicate that the aqueous extract of blood glucose in glucose-loaded mice was reduced Althernantha sessilis possesses significant significantly by 22.9, 30.7, 45.4 and 46.1% antidiarrhoeal activity due to its inhibitory effect on [3] respectively. By comparision, a standard gastrointestinal propulsion and fluid secretion. antihyperglycemic drug, glibernclamide, when administered to mice at a dose of 10 mg per kg body 2. ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL weight, reduced blood glucose level by 48.9%.[2] ACTIVITY Plant Material: Table 1: Effect of crude methanol extract Fresh plants of Alternanthera sessilis were collected and washed thoroughly 4-5 times with running tap water and then finally with sterile water and dried in shade at room temperature for 20-25 days. The dried plant material was made into coarse powder and sieved, and then used for crude extraction. Solvents like water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform and petroleum ether were used for extraction. Extraction: 20 gm powder of each plant were soaked separately in 200ml water, ethanol, methanol acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, petroleum ether in conical flask [2] and kept in shaker for 24 hours. After the extract was 1. ANTIDIARRHOEAL filtered and collected into glass vials. The process Material and Methods Collection and was repeated for 3 times with same material but using identification of Plant material: Fresh plant fresh solvents. The extracts were collected and material of Alternanthera sessilis were collected concentrated at 40°C under reduced pressure using during the month of May and June rotary evaporator. The extract was stored at 4°C until Extraction and Preparation of the Extract: further use. After collection, the plant materials were air dried Test organisms: for one week. This was further subjected to another Bacillus pumillus, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus one week of drying in an oven maintained at 400C. subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, The leaves were pulverized into a smooth powder. Pseudomonas aureginosa, Fungal strains such as The pulverized plant material was mixed with Candida albicans www.iajps.com Page 2847 IAJPS 2017, 4 (09), 2845-2852 V. Laxmi Sravani et al ISSN 2349-7750 Antimicrobial activity assessment: anticipated that Alternanthera would be useful to treat The aqueous extracts of Alternanthera sessilis was diseases. This investigation may lead to the evaluated for antibacterial activity and antifungal development of natural antimicrobial agents.[4] activity using agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of Althernanthera sessilis Table 3: 1. NUTRITIVE VALUE: Collection and preparation of sample ALTHERNANTHERA SESSILIS Leaves of Alternanthera sessilis
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