4.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS Note: (source: Census, 1996 and 2001) CNdV africa 4-120 PROVINCIAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK environmental planning, landscape architecture, urban design 7 NOVEMBER 2005 4.3.1 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE PROVINCE 4.3.1.1 INTRODUCTION overwhelming majority of the people live in the City of Cape Town with significant majorities in the Winelands and Eden districts. This section describes the structure of the population in the Western Cape including the ethnic structure, dependency and age-sex ratios, levels of Figure 4.3.1.1 shows the population distribution through the Province. urbanization, the economically active and unemployment and where Population per District people live, i.e. the spatial distribution. The following section discusses population growth trends and migration patterns. 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,893,246 The 2001 Census confirmed a South African population of 44 819 778 people. Of these, 79% classified themselves as Black African; 9,6% as 2,500,000 White; 8,9% as Coloured; and 2,5% as Indian/Asian. A total of 21 685 415 63,9% people in South Africa (48%) are male, and 23 662 839 (52%) female. 2,000,000 The Western Cape Province comprises 10,09% of the total population of Population 1,500,000 South Africa, namely 4 524 335 with the largest proportion in the City of Cape Town (63,9%) and the smallest proportion in the Central Karoo (1,3%) 1,000,000 629,489 (Stats SA, 2001 Key Results) See Graph 4.3.1.1. KwaZulu-Natal has the 454,921 500,000 282,672 13,9% largest population (9,4million) and the smallest population is in the 203,521 10,1% 1,3% 6,2% 4,5% 60,484 Northern Cape (0,8million) of all the Provinces. 0 Cape Town West CoastWinelands Boland District District Overberg District Eden District Central Karoo District The Western Cape Province has had an increase of approximately 500 000 persons over the five year period preceding the 2001census. This Graph 4.3.1.1 Population of the Province per District (Source: Census, 2001) represented an increase of 14,3% compared to the national increase of 10,4%. This increase relates to an average increase of 2,9% per annum for 4.3.1.2 BACKGROUND the Western Cape and 2,1% for the country as a whole. See Table 4.3.1.1 below. Population and Ethnic Structure of the Province The population is generally comprised of four ethnic groups, Africans Population 1996 2001 % change Annual (Blacks), Coloureds, Whites and Indians (Asians). Graph 4.3.1.2 shows that Average the ethnic structure of the Western Cape which is markedly different from Western Cape 3 956 875 4 524 335 14,3% 2,9% that of the rest of South Africa. Most of its residents (53,9%) are Coloured by a considerable majority with Black Africans comprising the second R.S.A. 40 583 573 44 819 778 10,4% 2,1% largest group (26,7%). The White and Indian groupings are 18,4% and 1% of Table 4.3.1.1 Western Cape and R.S.A. Population Growth 1996 to 2001 (Source: Treasury, 2003) the total population of the Province, respectively. These different ethnic groups show different characteristics, as described later in this section. Graph 4.3.1.1 shows population, distribution by District in 2001. The overall distribution is likely to have changed little between 1996 and 2001. The CNdV africa 4-121 PROVINCIAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK environmental planning, landscape architecture, urban design 7 NOVEMBER 2005 W estern Cape Province by Ethnic Group (2001) Household Distribution 3000000 Household Distribution (2001 census) 2500000 2438434 900000 777390 26,7% 800000 2000000 700000 600000 1500000 500000 Population 1207455 400000 1000000 53,9% 833262 300000 Number of households 18,4% 200000 159432 120752 500000 77670 58569 100000 15164 45180 1% 0 0 Black African Coloured W hite Indian or Asian Cape Town West Coast Boland Overberg Eden Central Karoo Ethinic Group Metro and District Municipalities Graph 4.3.1.2 Western Province by Ethnic Group (Source: Census, 2001) Graph 4.3.1.4 Household Distribution (Source: Census, 2001) The ethnic group distribution of the districts are illustrated in Graph 4.3.1.3 The Province, according to Stats SA has 1,2m households. The majority of below. This graph shows that the Coloured grouping is the majority in all the these are located in the City of Cape Town, Boland and Eden areas, see Districts followed by the Africans (Blacks). The Whites are the second Graph 4.3.1.4. When relating that to the population this yields a person per largest group in the West Coast, Overberg and Eden Municipalities. household factor of 3,74 for the Province. There has been a significant reduction in the size of the households from 4 people per household to 3.74 Population per Ethnic Group per District Municipality (2001) people per household which led to an increase, above the natural growth and in-migration, in the need for more housing. 1,600,000 Black African 1,392,594 1,400,000 Coloured 45% of the heads of households are classified as Coloured, 28% Black, 26% White Indian or Asian White and 19% are Indian. 66% of these are male and 33% are female. 1,200,000 Po pul 1,000,000 Gender Structure of the Population of the Province ati 916,635 on The gender split of the Province is similar to that of the country as a whole, 800,000 namely 48% male and 52% female. The split for the various districts is 600,000 542,540 illustrated in Table 4.3.1.2 below. 408,749 400,000 This table shows further that populations of Cape Town and Central Karoo 265,555 204,628 200,000 are comprised of more females (52%) and consequently less males (48%) 124,909 120,434 94,301 90,566 97,831 49,450 46,474 41,477 27,737 40,328 42,482 compared to the rest of the District Municipalities in the Province. This 856 1,530 277 968 7,280 6,658 72 0 Cape Town West Coast Cape Winelands Overberg Eden Central Karoo corresponds with the gender split of the Province and the country as a District Municipality whole. Graph 4.3.1.3 Population per Ethnic Group per District Municipality (Source: Census, 2001) CNdV africa 4-122 PROVINCIAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK environmental planning, landscape architecture, urban design 7 NOVEMBER 2005 District % Male % Female Age Category RSA 1996 RSA 2001 W.Cape 1996 W.Cape 2001 Cape Town 48 52 0-14 33,9% 32,1% 28,9% 27,3% West Coast 50 50 15-39 42,7% 43,8% 44,7% 45,5% Cape Winelands 49 51 40-64 17,4% 19,2% 20,2% 22,0% Overberg 50 50 65+ over 6,0% 4,9% 6,2% 5,2% Eden 49 51 Table 4.3.1.4 Western Cape and RSA Age Profile 1996 – 2001 (Source: Treasury, 2003) Central Karoo 48 52 Graph 4.3.1.5 illustrates that the age structure, 0-14 years, 15-64 years and Western Cape 48 52 65 and over, for each of the districts in the Province is very similar, with the Table 4.3.1.2 Gender Per (Source: Census, 2001) exception of the Central Karoo where there is a significant increase in Age Dependency Ratios dependency ratios. The Age Dependency Ratio represents the ratio of the combined child population (younger than 16) and the aged population (older than 65) per 100 of the population of the intermediate age (15-64 years). (Haldenwang, Boshoff, 1996, 9) The Central Karoo and the Eden municipalities have the highest dependency ratios of 38,61 and 34,86 respectively and the City of Cape Town the lowest, measuring 31,63, see Table 4.3.1.3. Below 14 15 to 64 Above 64 Age years years years Dependency Western Cape 1,236,700 3,053,546 234,092 32.51 City of Cape Town 771,029 1,978,061 144,156 31.63 West Coast District Munic 81,106 186,760 14,808 33.93 Winelands District Munic 180,923 419,731 28,835 33.32 Overberg District Munic 54,255 135,504 13,759 33.42 Eden District Munic 129,649 296,350 28,923 34.86 Central Karoo District Munic 19,749 37,130 3,604 38.61 Graph 4.3.1.5 Western Cape Age Structure Per District (2001) (Source: Census, 2001) Table 4.3.1.3 Dependency Ratio per District (Source: Census, 2001) Urban Rural Split Table 4.3.1.4 shows that there has been a significant decrease in the According to Statistics South Africa (1998) proportions by population group number of people in the 0-14 and the over 65 year old categories over the and urban / rural split are as follows, see Table 4.3.1.5: 1996 and 2001 periods whilst the economically active population has grown from 64,9% to 67,5% over the same period. It is also clear that the Asian Coloureds Blacks Whites country, as a whole, has a much greater proportion of the younger South Africa (%) 3 9 77 11 population and a smaller proportion of persons in the over 65 category Western Cape (%) 1 54 21 21 than the Western Cape. % Urban: rural (SA) 97:3 83:17 43:57 91:9 % Urban: Rural Province 99:1 84:16 95:5 93:7 Table 4.3.1.5 Urban Rural Split CNdV africa 4-123 PROVINCIAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK environmental planning, landscape architecture, urban design 7 NOVEMBER 2005 It can be seen that the Western Cape is considerably more urbanized than c.