“Women in Science” Compendium
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Darwin and the Women
COMMENT BOOKS & ARTS division of the “eight-hour husband” work- ing outside the home and the “fourteen-hour wife” within it. Feminist intellectual Charlotte Perkins Gilman drew on Darwin’s sexual- TTMANN/CORBIS selection theory to argue that women’s eco- BE nomic dependence on men was unnaturally skewing evolution to promote “excessive sex- ual distinctions”. She proposed that economic and reproductive freedom for women would restore female autonomy in choice of mate — which Darwin posited was universal in nature, except in humans — and put human evolutionary progress back on track. L LIB. OF CONGRESS; R: TIME LIFE PICTURES/GETTY; Darwin himself opposed birth control and Women’s advocates (left to right) Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Antoinette Brown Blackwell and Maria Mitchell. asserted the natural inferiority of human females. The adult female, he wrote in The EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY Descent of Man (1871), is the “intermediate between the child and the man”. Neverthe- less, appeals to Darwinist ideas by birth-con- trol advocates such as Margaret Sanger led Darwin and one critic to bemoan in 1917 that “Darwin was the originator of modern feminism”. Feminism in the late nineteenth century was marked by the racial and class politics the women of the era’s reform movements. Blackwell’s and Gilman’s views that women should work outside the home, for example, depended on Sarah S. Richardson relishes a study of how nineteenth- the subjugated labour of lower-class minor- century US feminists used the biologist’s ideas. ity women to perform household tasks. And Sanger’s birth-control politics appealed to contemporary fears of race and class ‘sui- wo misplaced narratives dominate physician Edward cide’. -
Mothers in Science
The aim of this book is to illustrate, graphically, that it is perfectly possible to combine a successful and fulfilling career in research science with motherhood, and that there are no rules about how to do this. On each page you will find a timeline showing on one side, the career path of a research group leader in academic science, and on the other side, important events in her family life. Each contributor has also provided a brief text about their research and about how they have combined their career and family commitments. This project was funded by a Rosalind Franklin Award from the Royal Society 1 Foreword It is well known that women are under-represented in careers in These rules are part of a much wider mythology among scientists of science. In academia, considerable attention has been focused on the both genders at the PhD and post-doctoral stages in their careers. paucity of women at lecturer level, and the even more lamentable The myths bubble up from the combination of two aspects of the state of affairs at more senior levels. The academic career path has academic science environment. First, a quick look at the numbers a long apprenticeship. Typically there is an undergraduate degree, immediately shows that there are far fewer lectureship positions followed by a PhD, then some post-doctoral research contracts and than qualified candidates to fill them. Second, the mentors of early research fellowships, and then finally a more stable lectureship or career researchers are academic scientists who have successfully permanent research leader position, with promotion on up the made the transition to lectureships and beyond. -
Objectivity in the Feminist Philosophy of Science
OBJECTIVITY IN THE FEMINIST PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requisites for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Karen Cordrick Haely, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Louise M. Antony, Adviser Professor Donald C. Hubin _______________________ Professor George Pappas Adviser Philosophy Graduate Program ABSTRACT According to a familiar though naïve conception, science is a rigorously neutral enterprise, free from social and cultural influence, but more sophisticated philosophical views about science have revealed that cultural and personal interests and values are ubiquitous in scientific practice, and thus ought not be ignored when attempting to understand, describe and prescribe proper behavior for the practice of science. Indeed, many theorists have argued that cultural and personal interests and values must be present in science (and knowledge gathering in general) in order to make sense of the world. The concept of objectivity has been utilized in the philosophy of science (as well as in epistemology) as a way to discuss and explore the various types of social and cultural influence that operate in science. The concept has also served as the focus of debates about just how much neutrality we can or should expect in science. This thesis examines feminist ideas regarding how to revise and enrich the concept of objectivity, and how these suggestions help achieve both feminist and scientific goals. Feminists offer us warnings about “idealized” concepts of objectivity, and suggest that power can play a crucial role in determining which research programs get labeled “objective”. -
Women in Computer Sciences in Romania: Success and Sacrifice
Journal of International Education and Leadership Volume 4 Issue 2 Fall 2014 http://www.jielusa.org/ ISSN: 2161-7252 Women in Computer Sciences in Romania: Success and Sacrifice Kelly Ward Washington State University Cornelia Dragne Independent Scholar Angelina J Lucas Washington State University The purpose of this article is to more fully understand the professional lives of women academics in computer sciences in six Romanian universities. The work is exploratory and relies on a qualitative framework to more fully understand what it means to be a woman academic in high-tech disciplines in a second world economy. We conducted in-depth, face-to-face interviews and reviewed a number of documents to create a context for the major social and political changes in Eastern Europe that affected the professional journeys of women academics in Romania. Results convey the ways in which gender, technology, and higher education are bound together by a multiplicity of conscious and unconscious inclusionary and exclusionary practices at universities. Findings also suggest that further research is needed on the theoretical underpinnings and practice of gender equality in Romanian higher education institutions. Women academics in computing face a complex interplay of discouraging factors, including severe financial austerity and the masculine domination of the disciplines, necessitating the establishment of structures and mechanisms to foster honest debate around the dilemma regarding equality of opportunity or equality of outcome. Keywords: Women in Computer Sciences; Women Academics; STEM; Romania A growing body of literature on gender equality faculty in science, technology, engineering, and in science points to an imbalance in the number, mathematical (STEM) disciplines. -
Women's Careers in Biomedical Sciences
JOURNAL OF WOMEN’S HEALTH Volume 26, Number 5, 2017 ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.6012 Women’s Careers in Biomedical Sciences: Implications for the Economy, Scientific Discovery, and Women’s Health Jennifer L. Plank-Bazinet, PhD,1 Misty L. Heggeness, PhD, MPP, MSW,2 P. Kay Lund, PhD,3 and Janine Austin Clayton, MD1 Abstract While women have been well represented in medical school and biomedical doctoral degree programs, they do not comprise half of academic medicine faculty positions. Furthermore, there is a significant paucity of women in academic medicine leadership positions, as evidenced by the fact that only 16% of dean positions at United States Medical schools are filled by women. In this commentary, the authors review the state of women in academic medicine and argue that increased representation of women in the academic workforce will lead to economic gains, increased scientific discovery, and improvements to women’s health. Keywords: women in science, careers, academic medicine, women’s health, scientific discovery, biomedical research workforce, gender and economic development or the past decade, approximately half of medical more attractive and hospitable for women academics. There- Fschool graduates and doctoral degree recipients in the fore, the paucity of women in senior leadership roles may dis- biological sciences have been women.1,2 Despite this gender courage younger women from advancing. A study by Carrell parity in degree recipients, an underrepresentation of women et al. provides evidence that having female -
SPECIAL TOPICS No.4
TDR/STR/SEB/ST/05.1 SPECIAL TOPICS No.4 UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) The Special Topics in Social, Economic and Behavioural (SEB) Research are peer-reviewed publications commissioned by the TDR Steering Committee for Social, Economic and Behavioural Research. For further information please contact: Dr Johannes Sommerfeld Manager Steering Committee for Social, Economic and Behavioural Research (SEB) UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) World Health Organization 20, Avenue Appia CH-1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Direct phone: (+41) 022 791-3954 TDR/STR/SEB/ST/05.1 The gender agenda in the control of tropical diseases: A review of current evidence Pascale Allotey,1 Ph.D, Margaret Gyapong,2 Ph.D 1 Professor of Race and Diversity School of Health Sciences and Social Care Brunel University Uxbridge, Middlesex UK UB8 3PH Email: [email protected] 2 Head, Dodowa Health Research Centre PO Box 1, Dodowa, Ghana Email: [email protected] TDR/STR/SEB/ST/05.1 Copyright © World Health Organization on behalf of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases 2005 All rights reserved. The use of content from this health information product for all non-commercial education, training and information purposes is encouraged, including translation, quotation and reproduction, in any medium, but the content must not be changed and full acknowledgement of the source must be clearly stated. A copy of any resulting product with such content should be sent to TDR, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. -
Cultural Sexism in Academia
Gender and Education ISSN: 0954-0253 (Print) 1360-0516 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cgee20 Women, know your limits: cultural sexism in academia Heather Savigny To cite this article: Heather Savigny (2014) Women, know your limits: cultural sexism in academia, Gender and Education, 26:7, 794-809, DOI: 10.1080/09540253.2014.970977 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2014.970977 Published online: 24 Oct 2014. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 2227 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 26 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cgee20 Gender and Education, 2014 Vol. 26, No. 7, 794–809, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2014.970977 Women, know your limits: cultural sexism in academia Heather Savigny* The Media School, Bournemouth University, Weymouth House, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK (Received 9 July 2013; accepted 25 September 2014) Despite the considerable advances of the feminist movement across Western societies, in Universities women are less likely to be promoted, or paid as much as their male colleagues, or even get jobs in the first place. One way in which we can start to reflect on why this might be the case is through hearing the experiences of women academics themselves. Using feminist methodology, this article attempts to unpack and explore just some examples of ‘cultural sexism’ which characterises the working lives of many women in British academia. This article uses qualitative methods to describe and make sense of some of those experiences. -
Lessons Learned Developing a Massive Open Online Course in Implementation Research in Infectious Diseases of Poverty in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Open Praxis, vol. 13 issue 1, January–March 2021, pp. 127–137 (ISSN 2304-070X) Lessons learned developing a massive open online course in implementation research in infectious diseases of poverty in low- and middle-income countries Pascale Allotey United Nations University (Malaysia) [email protected] Daniel Reidpath ICDDRB (Bangladesh) [email protected] Edith Certain , Mahnaz Vahedi , Dermot Maher & Pascal Launois WHO (Switzerland) [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected] Bella Ross Monash University (Australia) [email protected] Abstract This study uses a case study approach to examine the development of a massive open online course (MOOC) on intervention and implementation research in infectious diseases of poverty for learners in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). Implementation research (IR) seeks to understand and address barriers to effective implementation of health interventions, strategies, and policies. In recent years, IR has attracted increased interest, and corresponding demand for training, however, current training opportunities are not easily accessible to learners in LMICs. In 2017, the MOOC was introduced to a diverse range of learners to enhance access to training materials and has been offered yearly since. Findings are based on the experiences of the MOOC working group which included developers and facilitators, and on interpretations of data such as forum discussion activity and Facebook posts. The use of material from local contexts and in local languages, and professional facilitation of discussion forums was identified by the working group to be key considerations in developing the MOOC. Other findings include the importance of using clear instructions and preparing discussion questions to stimulate learner engagement. -
DIGEST September 2011 Edition
DIGEST September 2011 Edition --GenCen Events List of gender- and LGBTQ-related courses being offered Fall 2011 and Spring 2012 GenCen Colloquia Series, September 30, October 21, November 18 GenCen/CASID Friday Forum, September 23, 30, October 7, 14, 21, 28, November 4, 11, 18, December 2 The Struggle of Kurdish Women in the Face of Kurdish Law and Traditions, September 22 Ties that Bind: Toxic Pollution, Urban Brownfields and the Embodiment of Class and Gender in Post-industrial Southeast Chicago, September 26 Locating Gender and Disability within Women's and Disability Rights Discourses in India, September 28 Roundtable Discussion of Aime Ellis’s If We Must Die: From Bigger Thomas to Biggie Smalls, October 14 MSU Events Career Services for Students (Student Services Building) Student Employment Opportunities at www.MySpartanCareer.com Weekly OISS Coffee Hour, Fridays Undergraduate Research Workshops, September 29, October 4, 18, 24, November 1, 9, 16 Community Conversations and Reflections on a Decade of Change. Highlight: October 6 National Depression Screening Day, October 6 Global Focus Photo Competition, Entries due October 7 CLACS Fall 2011 Seminar Series. Highlight: October 19 Global Opportunities Fair and Conference, October 19 LGBT Resource Center, Open Monday-Friday from 9am to 5pm ReCUR call for student editors Undergraduate Application for Admission to Teacher Preparation Program, available through November 23 Support Gender Neutral Housing at Michigan State University Petition Other Events Conferences and Workshops MI H2Objective Conference: Research Shaping Michigan's Water Future, Wayne State University, September 29-30 Cultures of Exile: African Globalities in the Age of Transnationalism, University of Kansas, October 6-8 2nd Annual Conference of the Cultural Studies and Comparative Literature Department University of Minnesota, October 14-15 Calls for Papers THINKING GENDER 2012: Graduate Student Research Conference, February 3, 2012, UCLA. -
World Bank Document
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized PARTNERING FOR GENDER EQUALITY WORLD BANK GROUP GENDER 2017 Public Disclosure Authorized TRUST FUNDS PROGRAM REPORT This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Umbrella Facility for Gender Equality ................................................................ 3 Activities in 2017 .............................................................................................. 6 Improving Human Endowments ................................................................. 7 Removing Constraints for More and Better Jobs ......................................... 9 Removing Barriers to Women’s Ownership -
Girls in Science and Engineering Was Published in September 2003
frontCover 4/17/07 11:49 AM Page 1 NEW FORMULAS FOR AMERICA’S WORKFORCE 2 GIRLSIN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING IntroTOC_04 4/17/07 11:53 AM Page 1 IntroTOC_04 4/17/07 11:53 AM Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION • WHY THIS BOOK? CHAPTER ONE • CHANGING STEREOTYPES 01 Reaching Parents of Elementary and Middle School Girls 02 Making Teamwork Work for Women 02 Gender Segregation in Engineering and Math/Computer Science 03 Radio Series Tells the Stories About Girls and Women in Science 04 Think Again . Girls Can! 05 Challenging Gender Stereotypes With Computer-Based Social Models 05 The Image of Engineering 06 Improving Girls’ Self-Efficacy With Virtual Peers 06 Developing a New Scale to Evaluate Students’ Attitudes 07 Social Context and Gender Differences in STEM 08 Predicting What Keeps Women in STEM 08 Media Literacy Training for Middle School Students 09 CHAPTER TWO • GIRLS AND THE TECHNOLOGY GAP 11 Computer Science Computing and Mentoring Partnership 12 Can Robotics Keep Girls in Science? 12 Girls Creating Games: Increasing Middle School Girls’ Interest in Technology 13 Tech Team 14 Girls as Education Software Designers 15 Computer Programming for Middle School Girls 16 Hear Our Voices and the Computer Clubhouse 16 Girls and IT: A Promotional Video 17 Tech Savvy 18 Programming With a Purpose 19 CHAPTER THREE • FOSTERING EARLY INTEREST IN SCIENCE 21 The Case of Missing Human Potential 22 Science on Patrol 22 Girls in Science 23 Discovery Under the Hood 24 Explanatoids and Click! the Urban Adventure 24 SciGirls From DragonflyTV 25 Bringing -
(STEM) Within Higher Education: a Regional Case Study
Understanding why women are under-represented in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) within Higher Education: a regional case study Michael Christiea*, Maureen O’Neilla, Kerry Ruttera, Graham Younga, Angeline Medlanda aUniversidade de Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Austrália *[email protected] Abstract Participation rates of women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) is comparatively low and their attrition rates high. An obvious solution is to attract more women to study such subjects. In 2016 the authors undertook research to find out why so few women enrolled in STEM subjects and investigate ways of increasing their recruitment and retention in this area. The informants in our study were enrolled in a tertiary preparation course as well as nursing and education programs. A critique of the literature was used to develop a survey that informed focus group and interview schedules which were used in collecting data. Our study found that many of the factors that hindered women from applying for STEM courses twenty years ago still apply today and recommends actions that can help increase recruitment of women into STEM and assist their retention and graduation in those areas of tertiary education. Keywords Diversity in STEM. Sustainability in STEM. Gender Balance. How to cite this article: Christie, M., O’Neill, M., Rutter, K., Young, G., & Medland, A. (2017). Understanding why women are under-represented in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) within Higher Education: a regional case study. Production, 27(spe), e20162205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.220516 1. Introduction Twenty years ago Hanson (1996) argued that although female students have demonstrated interest and aptitude in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), they were under represented in STEM subjects at both secondary and tertiary levels of education.