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Gastrointestinal Parasites of Captive and Free-Living Lemurs and Domestic Carnivores in Eastern Madagascar
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 47(1): 141–149, 2016 Copyright 2016 by American Association of Zoo Veterinarians GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF CAPTIVE AND FREE-LIVING LEMURS AND DOMESTIC CARNIVORES IN EASTERN MADAGASCAR Amy B. Alexander, D.V.M., Cle´mence Poirotte, D.V.M., Ingrid J. Porton, M.S., Karen L.M. Freeman, Ph.D., Fidisoa Rasambainarivo, D.V.M., M.S., Kimberly G. Olson, R.V.T., Bernard Iambana, and Sharon L. Deem, D.V.M., Ph.D., Dipl. A.C.Z.M. Abstract: Fecal samples from captive and free-living lemurs at Ivoloina Zoological Park (IZP) and domestic carnivores from six villages surrounding IZP were evaluated between July and August 2012. Free-living lemurs from Betampona Natural Reserve (BNR), a relatively pristine rainforest fragment 40 km away, were also evaluated in November 2013. All 33 dogs sampled (100%) and 16 of 22 cats sampled (72.7%) were parasitized, predominantly with nematodes (strongyles, ascarids, and spirurids) as well as cestodes and protozoans. Similar types of parasites were identified in the lemur populations. Identification of spirurid nematodes and protozoans in the lemur fecal samples were of concern due to previously documented morbidity and mortality in lemurs from these parasitic agents. Twelve of 13 free-living (93%) and 31 of 49 captive (63%) lemurs sampled at IZP had a higher parasite prevalence than lemurs at BNR, with 13 of 24 (54%) being parasitized. The lemurs in BNR are likely at risk of increased exposure to these parasites and, therefore, increased morbidity and mortality, as humans and their domestic animals are encroaching on this natural area. -
Cheirogaleus Medius)
American .Journal of Primatology 38:349-355 (1996) • BRIEF REPORTS Xanthogranuloma of the Choroid Plexus in the Fat-Tailed Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) JASON T. LEE', CAROL A. MILLER',', COLIN T. McDONALD', AND JOHN M. ALLMAN' IDivision ofBiology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 2Department ofNeurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and 'Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California This report documents the death of two fat-tailed dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) maintained over 6 years each in our laboratory. Postmortem studies revealed xanthogranuloma of the choroid plexus, a mass replete with stored lipids, including cholesterol crystals. Six months prior to their deaths, both animals developed a peculiar head tilt and signs suggestive of neurological dysfunction. At autopsy, each had masses pro jecting into the lateral and IVth ventricles and an associated obstructive hydrocephalus. Cryostat sections of the brains of both lemurs showed his tological features consistent with xanthogranuloma ofthe choroid plexus, a histologically benign and usually asymptomatic lesion found in up to 7% of human autopsies. This case is of special interest because of the unique feeding strategies in the fat-tailed dwarf lemur. Since C. medius remains in torpor for 6 months out ofthe year during the time offood scarcity in the forests of Madagascar, the animal must accumulate large reserves of fat during its active period. In the laboratory, however, dwarf lemurs do not normally go into torpor, and the accumulated fat is not used. The finding of this tumor, therefore, suggests that the combination of a captive high fat diet and the unusual fat-storage mechanisms utilized by C. -
Our Legacy of Caring, Scholarship, and Scientific Discovery
Our Legacy of Caring, Scholarship, and Scientific Discovery Duke Lemur Center EST. 1966, DUKE UNIVERSITY The Duke Lemur Center An extraordinary place exists in the heart of Duke Forest: an 80-acre campus of buildings and forested animal enclosures bustling with students, scientists, and visitors from around the world. They are drawn to this place to see, learn about, and explore the animals that call this place home: a colony of more than 200 of the most endangered mammals on Earth—lemurs. A world leader in the study, care, and protection of lemurs, the Duke Lemur Center (DLC) was established in 1966 on the campus of Duke University in Durham, NC. For over 50 years, the DLC has brought together scientists, conservation biologists, and educators to understand and protect these extraordinary primates and make new and exciting discoveries through interdisciplinary non-invasive research. The DLC works tirelessly not just in Durham but also in in Madagascar, the only place on Earth where lemurs exist in the wild. We’re proud to work with the organizations and people of Madagascar to create opportunities for positive change, and to play a leading role in preventing the island’s legendary population of endemic and endangered national treasures from being lost forever. “To look at the Duke Lemur Center today, you would never know it was once an unknown part of the Duke University campus. Today it’s a thriving hub of learning where Duke students and alumni, scientists, and animal lovers of all ages from around the world explore the importance of lemurs, scientific discovery, and conservation. -
Greater Bamboo Lemur Madagascar
Madagascar Greater Bamboo Lemur Prolemur simus (Gray, 1871) Madagascar (2002, 2004, 2006, 2008) Patricia C. Wright, Eileen Larney, Edward E. Louis Jr., Rainer Dolch & Radoniana R. Rafaliarison The greater bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus) is the largest of Madagascar’s bamboo-eating lemurs (Albrecht et al. 1990) and the most critically endangered lemur in Madagascar (Ganzhorn et al. 1996, 1997; Konstant et al. 2006; Mittermeier et al. 2006; Ganzhorn and Johnson 2007; Wright et al. 2008). Although its placement in Prolemur has been questioned (for example, Tattersall 2007), it now represents a monospecific genus, based on a suite of distinctive dental and chromosomal characteristics (Vuillaume-Randriamanantena et al. 1985; Macedonia and Stanger 1994) that support its separation from the genus Hapalemur (cf. Groves 2001). Genetic studies further suggest that Hapalemur may, in fact, be more months, while it relies on its shoots and leaves at other closely related to the genus Lemur (Rumpler et al. times of the year. Prolemur simus supplements its diet 1989; Macedonia and Stanger 1994; Stanger-Hall 1997; with fruits, flowers, soil and fungi (Meier and Rumpler Fausser et al., 2002). Prolemur simus also differs from 1987; Tan 1999, 2000; Wright et al. 2008; R. Dolch, J. L. other bamboo lemurs in behavioral and ecological Fiely, J. Rafalimandimby, E. E. Louis Jr. unpubl. data). variation. Historical records (Schwarz 1931) and sub- Greater bamboo lemurs are cathemeral and fossil remains confirm that it was once widespread gregarious, with observed group sizes ranging up to throughout the island (Godfrey and Vuillaume- 28 individuals (Santini-Palka 1994; Tan 1999, 2000). -
In Situ Conservation
NEWSN°17/DECEMBER 2020 Editorial IN SITU CONSERVATION One effect from 2020 is for sure: Uncertainty. Forward planning is largely News from the Little Fireface First, our annual SLOW event was impossible. We are acting and reacting Project, Java, Indonesia celebrated world-wide, including along the current situation caused by the By Prof K.A.I. Nekaris, MA, PhD by project partners Kukang Rescue Covid-19 pandemic. All zoos are struggling Director of the Little Fireface Project Program Sumatra, EAST Vietnam, Love economically after (and still ongoing) Wildlife Thailand, NE India Primate temporary closures and restricted business. The Little Fireface Project team has Investments in development are postponed Centre India, and the Bangladesh Slow at least. Each budget must be reviewed. been busy! Despite COVID we have Loris Project, to name a few. The end In the last newsletter we mentioned not been able to keep up with our wild of the week resulted in a loris virtual to forget about the support of the in situ radio collared slow lorises, including conference, featuring speakers from conservation efforts. Some of these under welcoming many new babies into the the helm of the Prosimian TAG are crucial 11 loris range countries. Over 200 for the survival of species – and for a more family. The ‘cover photo’ you see here people registered, and via Facebook sustainable life for the people involved in is Smol – the daughter of Lupak – and Live, more than 6000 people watched rd some of the poorest countries in the world. is our first 3 generation birth! Having the event. -
Duke University Hdt What? Index
DUKE UNIVERSITY HDT WHAT? INDEX DUKE UNIVERSITY DUKE UNIVERSITY 1838 James Thomas Fields was hired by the Boston bookselling firm of William D. Ticknor, which would become Ticknor, Reed & Fields in 1854 and Fields, Osgood & Company in 1868. 1832-1834 Allen & Ticknor 1834-1843 William D. Ticknor 1843-1849 William D. Ticknor & Co. 1849-1854 Ticknor, Reed & Fields 1854-1868 Ticknor and Fields 1868-1871 Fields, Osgood & Co. 1871-1878 James R. Osgood & Co. 1878-1880 Houghton, Osgood, & Co. 1880-1908 Houghton, Mifflin, & Co. 1908-2007 Houghton Mifflin Company 2007-???? Houghton Mifflin Harcourt In Boston, Isaac Knapp printed AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC FOR 1838 edited by Nathaniel Southard. He also printed the Reverend Thomas Treadwell Stone’s THE MARTYR OF FREEDOM: A DISCOURSE DELIVERED AT EAST MACHIAS, NOVEMBER 30, AND AT MACHIAS, DECEMBER 7, 1837, John Gabriel Stedman’s NARRATIVE OF JOANNA; AN EMANCIPATED SLAVE, OF SURINAM, Elizabeth Heyrick’s IMMEDIATE, NOT GRADUAL ABOLITION: OR, AN INQUIRY INTO THE SHORTEST, SAFEST, AND MOST EFFECTUAL MEANS OF GETTING RID OF WEST INDIAN SLAVERY, Friend Sarah Moore Grimké’s LETTERS ON THE EQUALITY OF THE SEXES, AND THE CONDITION OF WOMAN: ADDRESSED TO MARY S. PARKER, PRESIDENT OF THE BOSTON FEMALE ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY, James Williams’s NARRATIVE OF JAMES WILLIAMS, AN AMERICAN SLAVE, WHO WAS FOR SEVERAL YEARS A DRIVER ON A COTTON PLANTATION IN ALABAMA, and a 3d edition of Phillis Wheatley’s MEMOIR AND POEMS OF PHILLIS WHEATLEY, A NATIVE AFRICAN AND A SLAVE, along with poems published in 1829 and 1837 by the still-enslaved George Moses Horton of North Carolina. -
IMPACT REPORT Center for Conservation in Madagascar
IMPACT REPORT 2018 Center for Conservation in Madagascar IMPACT REPORT Center for Conservation in Madagascar In-Country Location The primary geographic scope of the MFG’s conservation fieldwork and research consists of 1) Parc Ivoloina and 2) Betampona Natural Reserve. 1. Parc Ivoloina is a former forestry station that has been transformed into a 282-hectare conservation education, research and training center. Located just 30 minutes north of Tamatave (Figure 1), Parc Ivoloina is also home to a four-hectare zoo that only exhibits endemic wildlife. 2. Betampona Natural Reserve is a 2,228-hectare rainforest fragment that contains high levels of plant and animal diversity (Figure 2). Recent research has Photo 1: Diademed sifaka in Betampona Natural Reserve shown Betampona to be a small center of endemism Background Summary for both amphibian and reptile species. There is little doubt that the MFG’s continual research presence Founded in 2004, the Center for Conservation in has protected Betampona from large-scale habitat Madagascar is one of the original centers of the loss and poaching. Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Institute. The basis of the Center is the Madagascar Fauna and Flora Group Figure 1. Primary locations of MFG presence (MFG), which is an international non-governmental in Madagascar. organization that collaborates with and supports in-country staff to achieve its conservation mission. The Zoo has invested expertise and funding in this organization since its inception in 1988. The Saint Louis Zoo has assumed chairmanship of the MFG twice; first with Dr. Jeffrey Bonner, President & CEO of the Saint Louis Zoo, from 2003 to 2006, and second under Dr. -
Coexistence of Confamilial, Folivorous Indriids, Propithecus Diadema And
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Spring 5-15-2017 Coexistence of Confamilial, Folivorous Indriids, Propithecus diadema and Indri indri, at Betampona Strict Nature Reserve, Madagascar Lana Kerker Oliver Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, and the Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons Recommended Citation Oliver, Lana Kerker, "Coexistence of Confamilial, Folivorous Indriids, Propithecus diadema and Indri indri, at Betampona Strict Nature Reserve, Madagascar" (2017). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1134. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1134 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Anthropology Dissertation Examination Committee Crickette Sanz, Chair Kari Allen Benjamin Z. Freed Jane Phillips-Conroy David Strait Mrinalini Watsa Coexistence of Confamilial, Folivorous Indriids, Propithecus diadema and Indri indri, at Betampona Strict -
ABSTRACT GENUS VARECIA: ANATOMY, MORPHOLOGY, and PATHOLOGY Elise R. Orellana, MS Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illi
ABSTRACT GENUS VARECIA: ANATOMY, MORPHOLOGY, AND PATHOLOGY Elise R. Orellana, MS Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illinois University, 2015 Virginia L. Naples, Director An anatomical normal was established for the forelimb and hindlimb of the Genus Varecia through observation of skeletal remains and a detailed dissection of the musculature of a black and white ruffed lemur, Varecia variegata. This was used as a healthy state for comparison with a red ruffed lemur, Varecia rubra, displaying a periosteal disease affecting the long bones. This disease presented as large lesions growing along the diaphyses and epiphyses of the ulna, radius, tibia and fibula as well as on the carpals, metacarpals, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges. Dissection showed that these lesions avoided the points of origin and insertion of the limb musculature. Instead, the calcified lesions grew over the tendons and some muscle in the wrist and ankles reducing dexterity and range of motion in climbing and walking activities. This study determined the initial diagnosis of primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy to be a misdiagnosis based on the absence of the three main symptoms of the disease: finger clubbing, pachydermia, and periostitis. Instead the location, size, and progression of the bony lesions make Nora’s lesions (bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation) are more appropriate diagnosis. The skeletomuscular data provided in this work allow for Varecia to be used as a model for morphological studies, in disease recognition and diagnosis, and answered questions regarding the effects of the periosteal disease described. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DE KALB, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2015 GENUS VARECIA: ANATOMY, MORPHOLOGY, AND PATHOLOGY BY ELISE R. -
Magical Madagascar June 19 – July 1, 2017 Anjajavy Extension July 1 – July 4, 2017 Magical Madagascar June 19 – July 1, 2017
Magical Madagascar June 19 – July 1, 2017 Anjajavy extension July 1 – July 4, 2017 Magical Madagascar June 19 – July 1, 2017 We invite you to be part of this exclusive and remarkable adventure through Madagascar, one of the most extraordinary places on Earth. There is no other trip to Madagascar like this one. In addition to the many splendors of that unique island country, you will experience exclusive areas not open to tourists. The Duke Lemur Center has been working in Madagascar for 30 years and we will have access to rarely visited areas, Duke connected conservation projects and people. You will meet with conservation and research experts, providing a truly unique experience. This trip is perfect for first time Madagascar visitors as well as for those returning to Madagascar for a second or third trip! Madagascar is home to all of the world’s lemurs (some 100+ species) and over half of the world’s chameleons, in addition to more than 170 species of frogs. Every year scientists discover new species of plants and animals in Madagascar’s deserts and forests. There is no question Madagascar is a nature lover's dream and an exceptional photographic destination. The animals we will see in the protected areas are habituated and easily approached, making for terrific photographic opportunities. Our itinerary is designed to cover some of the island’s highlights, including six different eco-systems with a diversity of wildlife and photographic subjects. We have chosen these six stops to showcase the incredible diversity in landscape flora and fauna common to each of these areas. -
Large Lemurs: Ecological, Demographic and Environmental Risk Factors for Weight Gain in Captivity
animals Article Large Lemurs: Ecological, Demographic and Environmental Risk Factors for Weight Gain in Captivity Emma L. Mellor 1,* , Innes C. Cuthill 2, Christoph Schwitzer 3, Georgia J. Mason 4 and Michael Mendl 1 1 Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK; [email protected] 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK; [email protected] 3 Dublin Zoo, Phoenix Park, Dublin 8, D08 WF88, Ireland; [email protected] 4 Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 June 2020; Accepted: 12 August 2020; Published: 18 August 2020 Simple Summary: Excessive body mass, i.e., being overweight or obese, is a health concern. Some lemur species are prone to extreme weight gain in captivity, yet for others a healthy body condition is typical. The first aim of our study was to examine possible ecological explanations for these species’ differences in susceptibility to captive weight gain across 13 lemur species. Our second aim was to explore demographic and environmental risk factors across individuals from the four best-sampled species. We found a potential ecological explanation for susceptibility to captive weight gain: being adapted to unpredictable wild food resources. Additionally, we also revealed one environmental and four demographic risk factors, e.g., increasing age and, for males, being housed with only fixed climbing structures. Our results indicate targeted practical ways to help address weight issues in affected animals, e.g., by highlighting at-risk species for whom extra care should be taken when designing diets; and by providing a mixture of flexible and fixed climbing structures within enclosures. -
Subspecific Divergence in the Black Lemur's Low-Pitched Vocalizations
The Open Acoustics Journal, 2008, 1, 49-53 49 Open Access Subspecific Divergence in the Black Lemur’s Low-Pitched Vocalizations M. Gamba* and C. Giacoma Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Torino, Italy Abstract: Previous studies offered very preliminary information on the vocal repertoire of Eulemur macaco macaco and Eulemur macaco flavifrons. They agreed on the fact that both subspecies emit low-pitched vocalizations, called grunts, of different duration. Through all-occurrence and focal animal observations, we recorded the vocal activity of 31 black le- murs (12 E. m. macaco and 19 E. m. flavifrons) housed in 7 institutions, both in Europe and in Madagascar. We measured both temporal and spectral properties to describe long grunts quantitatively. We extracted acoustic parameters in the per- spective of the source-filter theory of sound production. From spectrograms, we measured call duration and 6 larynx- related features and, using Linear Predictive Coding spectra, we measured four vocal tract related acoustic properties. Our quantitative analysis has statistical support for the classification of long grunts. Using individual mean values and multi- variate Discriminant Function Analysis we have been able to successfully classify 96.8 % of the vocal signals to the sub- species of the emitter. Acoustic cues of both larynx-related and vocal tract-related acoustic parameters offered support for sub-specific recognition potential. However, univariate analyses showed that formants should be providing listeners with subspecies-specific information. INTRODUCTION The existence of an intergradation zone and a geographical cline in subspecific traits between the two forms over the The identification of animal species using acoustic char- Manongarivo Mountain has been suggested [8].