1 Abundant toxin-related genes in the genomes of beneficial symbionts 2 from deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussels 3 4 Lizbeth Sayavedra1, Manuel Kleiner1,*, Ruby Ponnudurai2,*, Silke Wetzel1, Eric 5 Pelletier3,4,5, Valerie Barbe3, Nori Satoh6, Eiichi Shoguchi6, Dennis Fink1, 6 Corinna Breusing7, Thorsten B.H. Reusch7, Philip Rosenstiel8, Markus B. 7 Schilhabel8, Dörte Becher9,10, Thomas Schweder2;9, Stephanie Markert2,9, 8 Nicole Dubilier1,11, Jillian M. Petersen1#& 9 1Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359 10 Bremen, Germany 11 2Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 12 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany 13 3CEA - Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000 Evry, France 14 4CNRS UMR8030, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000 Evry, France 15 5Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000 Evry, 16 France 17 6Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology 18 Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan 19 7GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Evolutionary Ecology, 20 Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany 21 8Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Schittenhelmstr. 12 22 24105 Kiel, Germany 1 23 9Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Walther-Rathenau-Strasse 49a, 17489 24 Greifswald, Germany 25 10Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Friedrich-Ludwig- 26 Jahn-Strasse 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany 27 11University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany 28 *Equal contribution 29 #Corresponding author – Jillian M. Petersen 30 Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology 31 Celsiusstrasse 1 32 28359 Bremen 33 Germany 34 Tel: +49 421 2028 823 35 Email:
[email protected] 36 &Current address 37 Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science 38 Division of Microbial Ecology 39 Research Network Chemistry Meets Microbiology 40 University of Vienna 41 Althanstrasse 14 42 1090 Vienna 43 Austria 2 44 Abstract 45 Bathymodiolus mussels live in symbiosis with intracellular sulfur-oxidizing 46 (SOX) bacteria that provide them with nutrition.