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A Case for High Performance Computing with Virtual Machines
A Case for High Performance Computing with Virtual Machines Wei Huangy Jiuxing Liuz Bulent Abaliz Dhabaleswar K. Panday y Computer Science and Engineering z IBM T. J. Watson Research Center The Ohio State University 19 Skyline Drive Columbus, OH 43210 Hawthorne, NY 10532 fhuanwei, [email protected] fjl, [email protected] ABSTRACT in the 1960s [9], but are experiencing a resurgence in both Virtual machine (VM) technologies are experiencing a resur- industry and research communities. A VM environment pro- gence in both industry and research communities. VMs of- vides virtualized hardware interfaces to VMs through a Vir- fer many desirable features such as security, ease of man- tual Machine Monitor (VMM) (also called hypervisor). VM agement, OS customization, performance isolation, check- technologies allow running different guest VMs in a phys- pointing, and migration, which can be very beneficial to ical box, with each guest VM possibly running a different the performance and the manageability of high performance guest operating system. They can also provide secure and computing (HPC) applications. However, very few HPC ap- portable environments to meet the demanding requirements plications are currently running in a virtualized environment of computing resources in modern computing systems. due to the performance overhead of virtualization. Further, Recently, network interconnects such as InfiniBand [16], using VMs for HPC also introduces additional challenges Myrinet [24] and Quadrics [31] are emerging, which provide such as management and distribution of OS images. very low latency (less than 5 µs) and very high bandwidth In this paper we present a case for HPC with virtual ma- (multiple Gbps). -
Effective Virtual CPU Configuration with QEMU and Libvirt
Effective Virtual CPU Configuration with QEMU and libvirt Kashyap Chamarthy <[email protected]> Open Source Summit Edinburgh, 2018 1 / 38 Timeline of recent CPU flaws, 2018 (a) Jan 03 • Spectre v1: Bounds Check Bypass Jan 03 • Spectre v2: Branch Target Injection Jan 03 • Meltdown: Rogue Data Cache Load May 21 • Spectre-NG: Speculative Store Bypass Jun 21 • TLBleed: Side-channel attack over shared TLBs 2 / 38 Timeline of recent CPU flaws, 2018 (b) Jun 29 • NetSpectre: Side-channel attack over local network Jul 10 • Spectre-NG: Bounds Check Bypass Store Aug 14 • L1TF: "L1 Terminal Fault" ... • ? 3 / 38 Related talks in the ‘References’ section Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications What this talk is not about 4 / 38 Related talks in the ‘References’ section What this talk is not about Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications 4 / 38 What this talk is not about Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications Related talks in the ‘References’ section 4 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) libvirtd QMP QMP QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Custom Disk1 Disk2 Appliance ioctl() KVM-based virtualization components Linux with KVM 5 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) libvirtd QMP QMP Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Disk1 Disk2 ioctl() Linux with KVM 5 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components libvirtd QMP QMP QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Disk1 Disk2 ioctl() Linux with KVM 5 / 38 libguestfs (guestfish) Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components OpenStack, et al. -
A Light-Weight Virtual Machine Monitor for Blue Gene/P
A Light-Weight Virtual Machine Monitor for Blue Gene/P Jan Stoessx{1 Udo Steinbergz1 Volkmar Uhlig{1 Jonathan Appavooy1 Amos Waterlandj1 Jens Kehnex xKarlsruhe Institute of Technology zTechnische Universität Dresden {HStreaming LLC jHarvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences yBoston University ABSTRACT debugging tools. CNK also supports I/O only via function- In this paper, we present a light-weight, micro{kernel-based shipping to I/O nodes. virtual machine monitor (VMM) for the Blue Gene/P Su- CNK's lightweight kernel model is a good choice for the percomputer. Our VMM comprises a small µ-kernel with current set of BG/P HPC applications, providing low oper- virtualization capabilities and, atop, a user-level VMM com- ating system (OS) noise and focusing on performance, scal- ponent that manages virtual BG/P cores, memory, and in- ability, and extensibility. However, today's HPC application terconnects; we also support running native applications space is beginning to scale out towards Exascale systems of directly atop the µ-kernel. Our design goal is to enable truly global dimensions, spanning companies, institutions, compatibility to standard OSes such as Linux on BG/P via and even countries. The restricted support for standardized virtualization, but to also keep the amount of kernel func- application interfaces of light-weight kernels in general and tionality small enough to facilitate shortening the path to CNK in particular renders porting the sprawling diversity applications and lowering OS noise. of scalable applications to supercomputers more and more a Our prototype implementation successfully virtualizes a bottleneck in the development path of HPC applications. -
Opportunities for Leveraging OS Virtualization in High-End Supercomputing
Opportunities for Leveraging OS Virtualization in High-End Supercomputing Kevin T. Pedretti Patrick G. Bridges Sandia National Laboratories∗ University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM Albuquerque, NM [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT formance, making modest virtualization performance over- This paper examines potential motivations for incorporating heads viable. In these cases,the increased flexibility that vir- virtualization support in the system software stacks of high- tualization provides can be used to support a wider range end capability supercomputers. We advocate that this will of applications, to enable exascale co-design research and increase the flexibility of these platforms significantly and development, and provide new capabilities that are not pos- enable new capabilities that are not possible with current sible with the fixed software stacks that high-end capability fixed software stacks. Our results indicate that compute, supercomputers use today. virtual memory, and I/O virtualization overheads are low and can be further mitigated by utilizing well-known tech- The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Sec- niques such as large paging and VMM bypass. Furthermore, tion 2 discusses previous work dealing with the use of virtu- since the addition of virtualization support does not affect alization in HPC. Section 3 discusses several potential areas the performance of applications using the traditional native where platform virtualization could be useful in high-end environment, there is essentially no disadvantage to its ad- supercomputing. Section 4 presents single node native vs. dition. virtual performance results on a modern Intel platform that show that compute, virtual memory, and I/O virtualization 1. -
A Virtual Machine Environment for Real Time Systems Laboratories
AC 2007-904: A VIRTUAL MACHINE ENVIRONMENT FOR REAL-TIME SYSTEMS LABORATORIES Mukul Shirvaikar, University of Texas-Tyler MUKUL SHIRVAIKAR received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Tennessee in 1993. He is currently an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Texas at Tyler. He has also held positions at Texas Instruments and the University of West Florida. His research interests include real-time imaging, embedded systems, pattern recognition, and dual-core processor architectures. At the University of Texas he has started a new real-time systems lab using dual-core processor technology. He is also the principal investigator for the “Back-To-Basics” project aimed at engineering student retention. Nikhil Satyala, University of Texas-Tyler NIKHIL SATYALA received the Bachelors degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU), India in 2004. He is currently pursuing his Masters degree at the University of Texas at Tyler, while working as a research assistant. His research interests include embedded systems, dual-core processor architectures and microprocessors. Page 12.152.1 Page © American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 A Virtual Machine Environment for Real Time Systems Laboratories Abstract The goal of this project was to build a superior environment for a real time system laboratory that would allow users to run Windows and Linux embedded application development tools concurrently on a single computer. These requirements were dictated by real-time system applications which are increasingly being implemented on asymmetric dual-core processors running different operating systems. A real time systems laboratory curriculum based on dual- core architectures has been presented in this forum in the past.2 It was designed for a senior elective course in real time systems at the University of Texas at Tyler that combines lectures along with an integrated lab. -
Understanding Full Virtualization, Paravirtualization, and Hardware Assist
VMware Understanding Full Virtualization, Paravirtualization, and Hardware Assist Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................1 Overview of x86 Virtualization..................................................................................2 CPU Virtualization .......................................................................................................3 The Challenges of x86 Hardware Virtualization ...........................................................................................................3 Technique 1 - Full Virtualization using Binary Translation......................................................................................4 Technique 2 - OS Assisted Virtualization or Paravirtualization.............................................................................5 Technique 3 - Hardware Assisted Virtualization ..........................................................................................................6 Memory Virtualization................................................................................................6 Device and I/O Virtualization.....................................................................................7 Summarizing the Current State of x86 Virtualization Techniques......................8 Full Virtualization with Binary Translation is the Most Established Technology Today..........................8 Hardware Assist is the Future of Virtualization, but the Real Gains Have -
Introduction to Virtualization
z Systems Introduction to Virtualization SHARE Orlando Linux and VM Program Romney White, IBM [email protected] z Systems Architecture and Technology © 2015 IBM Corporation Agenda ° Introduction to Virtualization – Concept – Server Virtualization Approaches – Hypervisor Implementation Methods – Why Virtualization Matters ° Virtualization on z Systems – Logical Partitions – Virtual Machines 2 z Systems Virtualization Technology © 2015 IBM Corporation Virtualization Concept Virtual Resources Proxies for real resources: same interfaces/functions, different attributes May be part of a physical resource or multiple physical resources Virtualization Creates virtual resources and "maps" them to real resources Primarily accomplished with software or firmware Resources Components with architecturally-defined interfaces/functions May be centralized or distributed - usually physical Examples: memory, disk drives, networks, servers Separates presentation of resources to users from actual resources Aggregates pools of resources for allocation to users as virtual resources 3 z Systems Virtualization Technology © 2015 IBM Corporation Server Virtualization Approaches Hardware Partitioning Bare-metal Hypervisor Hosted Hypervisor Apps ... Apps Apps ... Apps Apps ... Apps OS OS OS OS OS OS Adjustable partitions Hypervisor Hypervisor Partition Controller Host OS SMP Server SMP Server SMP Server Server is subdivided into fractions Hypervisor provides fine-grained Hypervisor uses OS services to each of which can run an OS timesharing of all resources -
GT-Virtual-Machines
College of Design Virtual Machine Setup for CP 6581 Fall 2020 1. You will have access to multiple College of Design virtual machines (VMs). CP 6581 will require VMs with ArcGIS installed, and for class sessions we will start the semester using the K2GPU VM. You should open each VM available to you and check to see if ArcGIS is installed. 2. Here are a few general notes on VMs. a. Because you will be a new user when you first start a VM, you may be prompted to set up Microsoft Explorer, Microsoft Edge, Adobe Creative Suite, or other software. You can close these windows and set up specific software later, if you wish. b. Different VMs allow different degrees of customization. To customize right-click on an empty Desktop area and choose “Personalize”. Change your background to a solid color that’s a distinctive color so you can easily distinguish your virtual desktop from your local computer’s desktop. Some VMs will remember your desktop color, other VMs must be re-set at each login, other VMs won’t allow you to change the background color but may allow you to change a highlight color from the “Colors” item on the left menu just below “Background”. c. Your desktop will look exactly the same as physical computer’s desktop except for the small black rectangle at the middle of the very top of the VM screen. Click on the rectangle and a pop-down horizontal menu of VM options will appear. Here are two useful options. i. Preferences then File Access will allow you to grant VM access to your local computer’s drives and files. -
KVM Based Virtualization and Remote Management Srinath Reddy Pasunuru St
St. Cloud State University theRepository at St. Cloud State Culminating Projects in Information Assurance Department of Information Systems 5-2018 KVM Based Virtualization and Remote Management Srinath Reddy Pasunuru St. Cloud State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/msia_etds Recommended Citation Pasunuru, Srinath Reddy, "KVM Based Virtualization and Remote Management" (2018). Culminating Projects in Information Assurance. 53. https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/msia_etds/53 This Starred Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Information Systems at theRepository at St. Cloud State. It has been accepted for inclusion in Culminating Projects in Information Assurance by an authorized administrator of theRepository at St. Cloud State. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 KVM Based Virtualization and Remote Management by Srinath Reddy Pasunuru A Starred Paper Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of St. Cloud State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Information Assurance May, 2018 Starred Paper Committee Susantha Herath, Chairperson Ezzat Kirmani Sneh Kalia 2 Abstract In the recent past, cloud computing is the most significant shifts and Kernel Virtual Machine (KVM) is the most commonly deployed hypervisor which are used in the IaaS layer of the cloud computing systems. The Hypervisor is the one which provides the complete virtualization environment which will intend to virtualize as much as hardware and systems which will include the CPUs, Memory, network interfaces and so on. Because of the virtualization technologies such as the KVM and others such as ESXi, there has been a significant decrease in the usage if the resources and decrease in the costs involved. -
Performance Best Practices for Vmware Workstation Vmware Workstation 7.0
Performance Best Practices for VMware Workstation VMware Workstation 7.0 This document supports the version of each product listed and supports all subsequent versions until the document is replaced by a new edition. To check for more recent editions of this document, see http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs. EN-000294-00 Performance Best Practices for VMware Workstation You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware Web site at: http://www.vmware.com/support/ The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates. If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to: [email protected] Copyright © 2007–2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. This product is protected by U.S. and international copyright and intellectual property laws. VMware products are covered by one or more patents listed at http://www.vmware.com/go/patents. VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. VMware, Inc. 3401 Hillview Ave. Palo Alto, CA 94304 www.vmware.com 2 VMware, Inc. Contents About This Book 5 Terminology 5 Intended Audience 5 Document Feedback 5 Technical Support and Education Resources 5 Online and Telephone Support 5 Support Offerings 5 VMware Professional Services 6 1 Hardware for VMware Workstation 7 CPUs for VMware Workstation 7 Hyperthreading 7 Hardware-Assisted Virtualization 7 Hardware-Assisted CPU Virtualization (Intel VT-x and AMD AMD-V) -
Hypervisors Vs. Lightweight Virtualization: a Performance Comparison
2015 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering Hypervisors vs. Lightweight Virtualization: a Performance Comparison Roberto Morabito, Jimmy Kjällman, and Miika Komu Ericsson Research, NomadicLab Jorvas, Finland [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract — Virtualization of operating systems provides a container and alternative solutions. The idea is to quantify the common way to run different services in the cloud. Recently, the level of overhead introduced by these platforms and the lightweight virtualization technologies claim to offer superior existing gap compared to a non-virtualized environment. performance. In this paper, we present a detailed performance The remainder of this paper is structured as follows: in comparison of traditional hypervisor based virtualization and Section II, literature review and a brief description of all the new lightweight solutions. In our measurements, we use several technologies and platforms evaluated is provided. The benchmarks tools in order to understand the strengths, methodology used to realize our performance comparison is weaknesses, and anomalies introduced by these different platforms in terms of processing, storage, memory and network. introduced in Section III. The benchmark results are presented Our results show that containers achieve generally better in Section IV. Finally, some concluding remarks and future performance when compared with traditional virtual machines work are provided in Section V. and other recent solutions. Albeit containers offer clearly more dense deployment of virtual machines, the performance II. BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORK difference with other technologies is in many cases relatively small. In this section, we provide an overview of the different technologies included in the performance comparison. -
Introduction to Virtualization Virtualization
Introduction to Virtualization Prashant Shenoy Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 1 Virtualization • Virtualization: extend or replace an existing interface to mimic the behavior of another system. – Introduced in 1970s: run legacy software on newer mainframe hardware • Handle platform diversity by running apps in VMs – Portability and flexibility Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 2 Types of Interfaces • Different types of interfaces – Assembly instructions – System calls – APIs • Depending on what is replaced /mimiced, we obtain different forms of virtualization Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 3 Types of Virtualization • Emulation – VM emulates/simulates complete hardware – Unmodified guest OS for a different PC can be run • Bochs, VirtualPC for Mac, QEMU • Full/native Virtualization – VM simulates “enough” hardware to allow an unmodified guest OS to be run in isolation • Same hardware CPU – IBM VM family, VMWare Workstation, Parallels,… Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 4 Types of virtualization • Para-virtualization – VM does not simulate hardware – Use special API that a modified guest OS must use – Hypercalls trapped by the Hypervisor and serviced – Xen, VMWare ESX Server • OS-level virtualization – OS allows multiple secure virtual servers to be run – Guest OS is the same as the host OS, but appears isolated • apps see an isolated OS – Solaris Containers, BSD Jails, Linux Vserver • Application level virtualization – Application is gives its own copy of components that are not shared • (E.g., own registry files, global objects) - VE prevents conflicts – JVM Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 5 Examples • Application-level virtualization: “process virtual machine” • VMM /hypervisor Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 6 The Architecture of Virtual Machines J Smith and R.