Understanding Full Virtualization, Paravirtualization, and Hardware Assist
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Binary Translation Using Peephole Superoptimizers
Binary Translation Using Peephole Superoptimizers Sorav Bansal Alex Aiken Computer Systems Lab Computer Systems Lab Stanford University Stanford University [email protected] [email protected] Abstract tecture performance for compute-intensive applica- We present a new scheme for performing binary trans- tions. lation that produces code comparable to or better than 2. Because the instruction sets of modern machines existing binary translators with much less engineering tend to be large and idiosyncratic, just writing the effort. Instead of hand-coding the translation from one translation rules from one architecture to another instruction set to another, our approach automatically is a significant engineering challenge, especially if learns translation rules using superoptimization tech- there are significant differences in the semantics of niques. We have implemented a PowerPC-x86 binary the two instruction sets. This problem is exacer- translator and report results on small and large compute- bated by the need to perform optimizations wher- intensive benchmarks. When compared to the native ever possible to minimize problem (1). compiler, our translated code achieves median perfor- mance of 67% on large benchmarks and in some small 3. Because high-performancetranslations must exploit stress tests actually outperforms the native compiler. We architecture-specific semantics to maximize perfor- also report comparisons with the open source binary mance, it is challenging to design a binary translator translator Qemu and a commercial tool, Apple’s Rosetta. that can be quickly retargeted to new architectures. We consistently outperform the former and are compara- One popular approach is to design a common inter- ble to or faster than the latter on all but one benchmark. -
Effective Virtual CPU Configuration with QEMU and Libvirt
Effective Virtual CPU Configuration with QEMU and libvirt Kashyap Chamarthy <[email protected]> Open Source Summit Edinburgh, 2018 1 / 38 Timeline of recent CPU flaws, 2018 (a) Jan 03 • Spectre v1: Bounds Check Bypass Jan 03 • Spectre v2: Branch Target Injection Jan 03 • Meltdown: Rogue Data Cache Load May 21 • Spectre-NG: Speculative Store Bypass Jun 21 • TLBleed: Side-channel attack over shared TLBs 2 / 38 Timeline of recent CPU flaws, 2018 (b) Jun 29 • NetSpectre: Side-channel attack over local network Jul 10 • Spectre-NG: Bounds Check Bypass Store Aug 14 • L1TF: "L1 Terminal Fault" ... • ? 3 / 38 Related talks in the ‘References’ section Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications What this talk is not about 4 / 38 Related talks in the ‘References’ section What this talk is not about Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications 4 / 38 What this talk is not about Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications Related talks in the ‘References’ section 4 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) libvirtd QMP QMP QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Custom Disk1 Disk2 Appliance ioctl() KVM-based virtualization components Linux with KVM 5 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) libvirtd QMP QMP Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Disk1 Disk2 ioctl() Linux with KVM 5 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components libvirtd QMP QMP QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Disk1 Disk2 ioctl() Linux with KVM 5 / 38 libguestfs (guestfish) Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components OpenStack, et al. -
Oracle VM Virtualbox User Manual
Oracle VM VirtualBox R User Manual Version 5.1.20 c 2004-2017 Oracle Corporation http://www.virtualbox.org Contents 1 First steps 11 1.1 Why is virtualization useful?............................. 12 1.2 Some terminology................................... 12 1.3 Features overview................................... 13 1.4 Supported host operating systems.......................... 15 1.5 Installing VirtualBox and extension packs...................... 16 1.6 Starting VirtualBox.................................. 17 1.7 Creating your first virtual machine......................... 18 1.8 Running your virtual machine............................ 21 1.8.1 Starting a new VM for the first time.................... 21 1.8.2 Capturing and releasing keyboard and mouse.............. 22 1.8.3 Typing special characters.......................... 23 1.8.4 Changing removable media......................... 24 1.8.5 Resizing the machine’s window...................... 24 1.8.6 Saving the state of the machine...................... 25 1.9 Using VM groups................................... 26 1.10 Snapshots....................................... 26 1.10.1 Taking, restoring and deleting snapshots................. 27 1.10.2 Snapshot contents.............................. 28 1.11 Virtual machine configuration............................ 29 1.12 Removing virtual machines.............................. 30 1.13 Cloning virtual machines............................... 30 1.14 Importing and exporting virtual machines..................... 31 1.15 Global Settings................................... -
A Virtual Machine Environment for Real Time Systems Laboratories
AC 2007-904: A VIRTUAL MACHINE ENVIRONMENT FOR REAL-TIME SYSTEMS LABORATORIES Mukul Shirvaikar, University of Texas-Tyler MUKUL SHIRVAIKAR received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Tennessee in 1993. He is currently an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Texas at Tyler. He has also held positions at Texas Instruments and the University of West Florida. His research interests include real-time imaging, embedded systems, pattern recognition, and dual-core processor architectures. At the University of Texas he has started a new real-time systems lab using dual-core processor technology. He is also the principal investigator for the “Back-To-Basics” project aimed at engineering student retention. Nikhil Satyala, University of Texas-Tyler NIKHIL SATYALA received the Bachelors degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU), India in 2004. He is currently pursuing his Masters degree at the University of Texas at Tyler, while working as a research assistant. His research interests include embedded systems, dual-core processor architectures and microprocessors. Page 12.152.1 Page © American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 A Virtual Machine Environment for Real Time Systems Laboratories Abstract The goal of this project was to build a superior environment for a real time system laboratory that would allow users to run Windows and Linux embedded application development tools concurrently on a single computer. These requirements were dictated by real-time system applications which are increasingly being implemented on asymmetric dual-core processors running different operating systems. A real time systems laboratory curriculum based on dual- core architectures has been presented in this forum in the past.2 It was designed for a senior elective course in real time systems at the University of Texas at Tyler that combines lectures along with an integrated lab. -
Deliverable No. 5.3 Techniques to Build the Cloud Infrastructure Available to the Community
Deliverable No. 5.3 Techniques to build the cloud infrastructure available to the community Grant Agreement No.: 600841 Deliverable No.: D5.3 Deliverable Name: Techniques to build the cloud infrastructure available to the community Contractual Submission Date: 31/03/2015 Actual Submission Date: 31/03/2015 Dissemination Level PU Public X PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Grant Agreement no. 600841 D5.3 – Techniques to build the cloud infrastructure available to the community COVER AND CONTROL PAGE OF DOCUMENT Project Acronym: CHIC Project Full Name: Computational Horizons In Cancer (CHIC): Developing Meta- and Hyper-Multiscale Models and Repositories for In Silico Oncology Deliverable No.: D5.3 Document name: Techniques to build the cloud infrastructure available to the community Nature (R, P, D, O)1 R Dissemination Level (PU, PP, PU RE, CO)2 Version: 1.0 Actual Submission Date: 31/03/2015 Editor: Manolis Tsiknakis Institution: FORTH E-Mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: This deliverable reports on the technologies, techniques and configuration needed to install, configure, maintain and run a private cloud infrastructure for productive usage. KEYWORD LIST: Cloud infrastructure, OpenStack, Eucalyptus, CloudStack, VMware vSphere, virtualization, computation, storage, security, architecture. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 600841. The author is solely responsible for its content, it does not represent the opinion of the European Community and the Community is not responsible for any use that might be made of data appearing therein. -
Introduction to Virtualization
z Systems Introduction to Virtualization SHARE Orlando Linux and VM Program Romney White, IBM [email protected] z Systems Architecture and Technology © 2015 IBM Corporation Agenda ° Introduction to Virtualization – Concept – Server Virtualization Approaches – Hypervisor Implementation Methods – Why Virtualization Matters ° Virtualization on z Systems – Logical Partitions – Virtual Machines 2 z Systems Virtualization Technology © 2015 IBM Corporation Virtualization Concept Virtual Resources Proxies for real resources: same interfaces/functions, different attributes May be part of a physical resource or multiple physical resources Virtualization Creates virtual resources and "maps" them to real resources Primarily accomplished with software or firmware Resources Components with architecturally-defined interfaces/functions May be centralized or distributed - usually physical Examples: memory, disk drives, networks, servers Separates presentation of resources to users from actual resources Aggregates pools of resources for allocation to users as virtual resources 3 z Systems Virtualization Technology © 2015 IBM Corporation Server Virtualization Approaches Hardware Partitioning Bare-metal Hypervisor Hosted Hypervisor Apps ... Apps Apps ... Apps Apps ... Apps OS OS OS OS OS OS Adjustable partitions Hypervisor Hypervisor Partition Controller Host OS SMP Server SMP Server SMP Server Server is subdivided into fractions Hypervisor provides fine-grained Hypervisor uses OS services to each of which can run an OS timesharing of all resources -
Enabling Intel® Virtualization Technology Features and Benefits
WHITE PAPER Intel® Virtualization Technology Enterprise Server Enabling Intel® Virtualization Technology Features and Benefits Maximizing the benefits of virtualization with Intel’s new CPUs and chipsets EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Although virtualization has been accepted in most data centers, some users have not yet taken advantage of all the virtualization features available to them. This white paper describes the features available in Intel® Virtualization Technology (Intel® VT) that work with Intel’s new CPUs and chipsets, showing how they can benefit the end user and how to enable them. Intel® Virtualization Technology Goldberg. Thus, developers found it difficult Feature Brief and Usage Model to implement a virtual machine platform on Intel VT combines with software-based the x86 architecture without significant virtualization solutions to provide maximum overhead on the host machine. system utilization by consolidating multiple environments into a single server or PC. In 2005 and 2006, Intel and AMD, working By abstracting the software away from the independently, each resolved this by creat- underlying hardware, a world of new usage ing new processor extensions to the x86 models opens up that can reduce costs, architecture. Although the actual implemen- increase management efficiency, and tation of processor extensions differs strengthen security—all while making your between AMD and Intel, both achieve the computing infrastructure more resilient in same goal of allowing a virtual machine the event of a disaster. hypervisor to run an unmodified operating system without incurring significant emula- During the last four years, Intel has intro- tion performance penalties. duced several new features to Intel VT. Most of these features are well known, but others Intel VT is Intel’s hardware virtualization for may not be. -
KVM Based Virtualization and Remote Management Srinath Reddy Pasunuru St
St. Cloud State University theRepository at St. Cloud State Culminating Projects in Information Assurance Department of Information Systems 5-2018 KVM Based Virtualization and Remote Management Srinath Reddy Pasunuru St. Cloud State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/msia_etds Recommended Citation Pasunuru, Srinath Reddy, "KVM Based Virtualization and Remote Management" (2018). Culminating Projects in Information Assurance. 53. https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/msia_etds/53 This Starred Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Information Systems at theRepository at St. Cloud State. It has been accepted for inclusion in Culminating Projects in Information Assurance by an authorized administrator of theRepository at St. Cloud State. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 KVM Based Virtualization and Remote Management by Srinath Reddy Pasunuru A Starred Paper Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of St. Cloud State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Information Assurance May, 2018 Starred Paper Committee Susantha Herath, Chairperson Ezzat Kirmani Sneh Kalia 2 Abstract In the recent past, cloud computing is the most significant shifts and Kernel Virtual Machine (KVM) is the most commonly deployed hypervisor which are used in the IaaS layer of the cloud computing systems. The Hypervisor is the one which provides the complete virtualization environment which will intend to virtualize as much as hardware and systems which will include the CPUs, Memory, network interfaces and so on. Because of the virtualization technologies such as the KVM and others such as ESXi, there has been a significant decrease in the usage if the resources and decrease in the costs involved. -
PCI DSS Virtualization Guidelines
Standard: PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) Version: 2.0 Date: June 2011 Author: Virtualization Special Interest Group PCI Security Standards Council Information Supplement: PCI DSS Virtualization Guidelines Information Supplement • PCI DSS Virtualization Guidelines • June 2011 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Audience ................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Intended Use .......................................................................................................... 4 2 Virtualization Overview .................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Virtualization Concepts and Classes ..................................................................... 5 2.2 Virtual System Components and Scoping Guidance ............................................. 7 3 Risks for Virtualized Environments .............................................................................. 10 3.1 Vulnerabilities in the Physical Environment Apply in a Virtual Environment ....... 10 3.2 Hypervisor Creates New Attack Surface ............................................................. 10 3.3 Increased Complexity of Virtualized Systems and Networks .............................. 11 3.4 More Than One Function per Physical System ................................................... 11 3.5 Mixing VMs of -
The Server Virtualization Landscape, Circa 2007
ghaff@ illuminata.com Copyright © 2007 Illuminata, Inc. single user license Gordon R Haff Illuminata, Inc. TM The Server Virtualization Bazaar, Circa 2007 Inspired by both industry hype and legitimate customer excitement, many Research Note companies seem to have taken to using the “virtualization” moniker more as the hip phrase of the moment than as something that’s supposed to convey actual meaning. Think of it as “eCommerce” or “Internet-enabled” for the Noughts. The din is loud. It doesn’t help matters that virtualization, in the broad sense of “remapping physical resources to more useful logical ones,” spans a huge swath of Gordon Haff technologies—including some that are so baked-in that most people don’t even 27 July 2007 think of them as virtualization any longer. Personally licensed to Gordon R Haff of Illuminata, Inc. for your personal education and individual work functions. Providing its contents to external parties, including by quotation, violates our copyright and is expressly forbidden. However, one particular group of approaches is capturing an outsized share of the limelight today. That would, of course, be what’s commonly referred to as “server virtualization.” Although server virtualization is in the minds of many inextricably tied to the name of one company—VMware—there are many companies in this space. Their offerings include not only products that let multiple virtual machines (VMs) coexist on a single physical server, but also related approaches such as operating system (OS) virtualization or containers. In the pages that follow, I offer a guide to today’s server virtualization bazaar— which at first glance can perhaps seem just a dreadfully confusing jumble. -
Specification-Driven Dynamic Binary Translation
Specification-Driven Dynamic Binary Translation Jens Tr¨oger December 2004 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science OUT Programming Languages and Systems Research Group Faculty of Information Technology Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, Australia Copyright c Jens Tr¨oger, MMIV. All rights reserved. [email protected] http://savage.light-speed.de/ The author hereby grants permission to the Queensland University of Technology to reproduce and distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. “But I’ve come to see that as nothing can be made that isn’t flawed, the challenge is twofold: first, not to berate oneself for what is, after all, inevitable; and second, to see in our failed perfection a different thing; a truer thing, perhaps, because it contains both our ambition and the spoiling of that ambition; the exhaustion of order, and the discovery – in the midst of despair – that the beast dogging the heels of beauty has a beauty all of its own.” Clive Barker (Galilee) Keywords Machine emulation; formal specification of machine instructions; dynamic optimization; dynamic binary translation; specification-driven dynamic binary translation. Abstract Machine emulation allows for the simulation of a real or virtual machine, the source machine, on various host computers. A machine emulator interprets programs that are compiled for the emulated machine, but normally at a much reduced speed. Therefore, in order to increase the execution speed of such interpreted programs, a machine emulator may apply different dynamic optimization techniques. In our research we focus on emulators for real machines, i.e. -
Virtualization and Shared Infrastructure Data Storage for IT in Kosovo Institutions Gani Zogaj
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses Thesis/Dissertation Collections 2012 Virtualization and shared Infrastructure data storage for IT in Kosovo institutions Gani Zogaj Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses Recommended Citation Zogaj, Gani, "Virtualization and shared Infrastructure data storage for IT in Kosovo institutions" (2012). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from This Master's Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Thesis/Dissertation Collections at RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN KOSOVO MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Virtualization and Shared Infrastructure Data Storage for IT in Kosovo institutions “Submitted as a Capstone Project Report in partial fulfillment of a Master of Science degree in Professional Studies at American University in Kosovo” By Gani ZOGAJ November, 2012 Virtualization and Shared Infrastructure Data Storage for IT in Kosovo institutions ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank God for giving me health for completing my Master’s Degree studies. I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor of capstone proposal, Bryan, for his support and for giving me suggestions and recommendations throughout the Capstone Project work. Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Shkendije, and my lovely daughters, Elisa and Erona, who I love so much, for their understanding while I was preparing the Capstone Project and I couldn’t spend enough time with them. 2 Virtualization and Shared Infrastructure Data Storage for IT in Kosovo institutions Table of Contents Figures and Tables………………………………………………….……………….……….……5 List of Acronyms………………………………………………………………....………….……6 Executive Summary……………………………………………………..………………...………8 Chapter 1…………………………………………………………………………...…………….11 1.