DOCSLIB.ORG

Self-Assessment Report B.Sc

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Self-Assessment Report B.Sc UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI Self-Assessment Report B.Sc. Honors Program-2015 Department of Geology University of Karachi Submitted to Quality Enhancement Cell University of Karachi ASSESSMENT TEAM: Prof. Dr. Shahid Naseem (Chairman) PROGRAM TEAM Dr. Erum Bashir Dr. Adnan Khan Mr. Muhammad Arsalan 1 CONTENTS Criterion 1- Program Mission, Objectives and Outcomes Page # Introduction 4 Standard 1-1 Program Mission and Objectives 5 Standard 1-2 Program Outcomes 8 Standard 1-3 Overall Performance Using Quantifiable Measures 9 Standard 1-4 Students Enrolment 10 Criterion 2- Curriculum Design and Organization Page # Program of studies offered 12 Standard 2-1 Correlation of Courses with Objectives 14 14 Standard 2-2 Theory, Problem Analysis/ Solution and Design in Program 14 Standard 2-3 Mathematics & Basic Sciences Requirements 14 Standard 2-4 Major requirements as specified by Acceleration Body 15 Standard 2-5 Maths and Basic Sciences, Engineering Topics, General Education. Standard 2-6 Information Technology Content Integration Throughout the Program 15 Standard 2-7 Communication Skills (Oral & Written) 15 Criterion 3- Laboratories and Computing Facilities Page # Laboratory and Computing Facilities 17 Standard 3-1 Lab Manuals/ Documentation / Instructions 17 Standard 3-2 Adequate Support Personnel for labs 17 Standard 3-3 Adequate computing infrastructure and facilities 17 Criterion 4 Student Support and Advising Page # Standard 4-1 Effective Faculty / Student Interaction 20 20 Standard 4-2 Professional Advising and Counseling 20 Standard 4-3 Professional Advising and Counseling Criterion 5- Process Control Page # Standard 5-1 Admission Process 22 Standard 5-2 Registration and Student 22 Standard 5-3 Faculty Recruitment and Retention Process 22 2 Standard 5-4 Effective Teaching and Learning Process 23 Standard 5-5 Program requirements completion process 24 Criterion 6- Faculty Page # Standard 6-1 Program Faculty Qualifications and Number 26 Standard 6-2 Current Faculty, Scholarly activities and development 26 Standard 6-3 Faculty motivation and Job satisfaction 26 Criterion 7- Institutional Facilities Page # Standard 7-1 New Trends in Learning 28 Standard 7-2 Library Collections & Staff 28 Standard 7-3 Class rooms & Offices Adequacy 28 Criterion 8- Institutional Support Page # Standard 8-1 Support & Financial Resources 30 Standard 8-2 Number & Quality of GSs, RAs, & Ph.D. Students 30 Standard 8-3 Financial Support for Library, Labs & Computing Facilities 30 Faculty CVs & SURVEY’S RESULTS Page # Faculty CVs 31 Courses Details 84 94 Teacher‟s & Course Evaluation Survey 3 INTRODUCTION The Department of Geology, University of Karachi is one of the oldest institutions for teaching geology in the country which started functioning in 1954. The journey of progress and development is still continued since the establishment of the department. Staff members obtaining higher degrees and advanced trainings imparted their experience and knowledge to the young future geologists. The department is determined to keep the pace of development of the field of geology and has introduced a variety of subjects like Geochemistry, Petroleum Geology, Geomorphology, Sedimentology, Marine Geology, Economic Geology, Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Geology. The department of Geology has produced a large number of graduates. Most of our graduates hold key positions in national and multi- national organizations and have made significant contribution in their field of specialization. Department has good history in producing M. Phil.s and Ph.D.s A number of research projects in collaboration with national institutions and multinational companies are in progress. Staff members of the department have also published numerous research articles in journal of national and international repute having high impact factor. The department has an impressive geology museum which houses a large collection of valuable rocks fossils and mineral specimen. The department has a wide range of advanced laboratories facilities. There are well equipped research/teaching Geochemistry, Sedimentology, Economic Geology, Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Geology. The department also has a seminar and a reference library with a reasonable collection of books and journals. The department also organizes technical lectures and seminars, conducted by professionals to develop sound knowledge and skills in the students for their career building. Students also participate in student chapters of many renowned/ learned societies of geological orientation such as AAPG, PAPG, SPE, KUGAA and SEGMITE. Geological field works in the selected areas of the country as an essential part of the curriculum are conducted by the faculty for students‟ practical training. Prof. Dr. Shahid Naseem Chairperson Department of Geology University of Karachi 4 CRITERION-1 PROGRAM MISSION, OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES 5 Criterion-1: Program Mission, Objectives and Outcomes Mission Statement of the Department of Geology: The mission of our department is to provide high-quality Graduate and Postgraduate education leading to Ph.D. It is our aim to achieve excellence in teaching and research to interact with society. The department provides sound geological knowledge, which is used to pursue a meaningful career in different disciplines of geosciences and train future professional geologists for the country. Our mission is also to produce competent manpower to compete the challenges around the Globe. For good liaison among academia and industry, we strive to attach our students in different phases of training and research during summer internship. We focus on development and management of natural resources, assessment of natural hazards, environmental issues and all other related problems of geology, especially in Sindh and Balochistan. The department conducts research and management in areas of the ores, minerals, fuels, water and building stones that have great societal impact on the economy of the country. In support of our research and teaching mission, we maintain collection and display of minerals, rocks, fossils, maps and models in our museum, could be used in studies and research. For postgraduate works we have latest analytical and computing facilities. Mission Statement of the B.Sc. (Hons.) Program: The mission of the B.Sc. (Hons.) Program is to enable students to communicate and understand the terms / technologies, concepts, fundamentals of the subject, to give training in basic geological field work and prepare them for advance courses in M.Sc. Objectives of the Program: 1. Social development of the students 2. To develop communication (oral, written and computer) skills 3. Students should know about the basic concept of the subject and their application. 4. Prepare students for Geological field work. 5. Prepare students for identification and analyzing geo-materials (minerals, ores, rocks, fossils etc.) 6. To develop students‟ approach/ground for the selection of specialized courses in MSc. or for future research. 6 Table: 1-2 Program Objectives Assessment S. Objectives How Measured When Improvement Improvement No. Measured Identified Made Through co- and During Show good Social 1 Social development extracurricular semester + social behavior development of the students activities student among them increased week and with teachers Through co- and During Extracurricul Activities are 2 To develop extracurricular semester ar activities increased from communication activities are rarely this semester (oral, written and performed computer) skills Students should Semester exams, During and ------------------- Understanding 3 know about the basic routine test and at the end - improved concept of the Extension of semester lectures/ subject and their Workshops application. Prepare students for Observed during local Field Insufficient and ----------------- 4 Geological field one day field works delayed funds work. visits/work during for field semester Prepare students for During During ------------------- Increasing 5 identification and Laboratory and semester expertise analyzing geo- Field work, assignments/proj materials (minerals, ects ores, rocks, fossils etc.) To develop Discussion During 6 ----------------- ------------------- students‟ semester approach/ground for the selection of specialized courses in M.Sc. or for future research. Other Surveys are in progress. 7 Standard 1-2: The program must have documented outcomes for graduating students. It must be demonstrated that the outcomes support the program objectives and that graduating students are capable of performing these outcomes. The outcome of the program Students are expected to: 1. Possess a sound understanding of fundamental concepts. 2. Communicate or share basic knowledge among them and gives presentations on related topics. 3. Identify samples of rocks, minerals, ores and fossils in lab as well as in field. 4. Do field work within available resources/circumstances. 8 Standard 1-3: The results of program’s assessment and the extent to which they are used to improve the program must be documented. a) Actions Taken For counseling of student and to maintain discipline, student advisors are appointed Maintain and update multimedia and enhanced computer based instruction tools. Newly inducted lecturers are attached with experienced teachers to improve teaching skills. New books and journals in seminar and reference libraries are being increased every year. Oral and poster presentations are taken by the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Paradigm for Pakistani Schools JUL 0 2 2003
    Beyond the Traditional: A New Paradigm for Pakistani Schools By Mahjabeen Quadri B.S. Architecture Studies University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 Submitted to the Department of Architecture in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Architecture Studies at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2003 JUL 0 2 2003 Copyright@ 2003 Mahjabeen Quadri. Al rights reserved LIBRARIES The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author: Mahjabeen Quadri Departm 4t of Architecture, May 19, 2003 Certified by:- Reinhard K. Goethert Principal Research Associate in Architecture Department of Architecture Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: Julian Beinart Departme of Architecture Chairman, Department Committee on Graduate Students ROTCH Thesis Committee Reinhard Goethert Principal Research Associate in Architecture Department of Architecture Massachusetts Institute of Technology Edith Ackermann Visiting Professor Department of Architecture Massachusetts Institute of Technology Anna Hardman Visiting Lecturer in International Development Planning Department of Urban Studies and Planning Massachusetts Institute of Technology Hashim Sarkis Professor of Architecture Aga Khan Professor of Landscape Architecture and Urbanism Harvard University Beyond the Traditional: A New Paradigm for Pakistani Schools Beyond the Traditional: A New Paradigm for Pakistani Schools By Mahjabeen Quadri Submitted to the Department of Architecture On May 23, 2003 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Architecture Studies Abstract Pakistan's greatest resource is its children, but only a small percentage of them make it through primary school.
    [Show full text]
  • Important Pakistani Rivers, Dams, Lakes and Doaabas Mcqs
    Important Pakistani Rivers, Dams, Lakes and Doaabas MCQs Land between Beas and Ravi is called ____. (a) Doaaba Bari (b) Doaaba Rachna (c) Doaaba Chaj (d) None of these Answer: a Doaaba Rachna is located between the River Chenab and River ___. (a) Ravi (b) Jhelum (c) Indus (d) None of these Answer: a ____ lies between Indus and Jehlum rivers. (a) Doaaba Chaj (b) Sindh Sagar (c) Doaaba Bari (d) None of these Answer: b Doaaba Chaj is located between River Chenab and River ____. (a) Jhelum (b) Ravi (c) Indus (d) None of these Answer: a River ____ is the longest river in Pakistan. (a) Jhelum (b) Indus (c) Chenab (d) Ravi Answer: b The length of Indus River is ____. (a) 1,600 miles (b) 1,700 miles (c) 1,800 miles (d) None of these Downloaded from www.csstimes.pk | 1 Important Pakistani Rivers, Dams, Lakes and Doaabas MCQs Answer: c Indus River is also called, Nile of Pakistan, Attock and ____. (a) Abaseen (b) Mehran (c) Sapt Sindhu (d) All of these Answer: d Check Also: Important Solved Analogy MCQs for Competitive Exams (Set-I) Indus River rises from Kailash Mountain and enters into Pakistan near ____. (a) Gilgit (b) Chilas (c) Astore (d) None of these Answer: b Indus River falls into Arabian Sea near ____. (a) Thatta (b) Karachi (c) Badin (d) None of these Answer: b River Jhelum rises in the Himalayas and meets the River Chenab in southwest of Jhang. Its length is ____ kms. (a) 625 (b) 725 (c) 825 (d) 925 Answer: b Chenab River rises in Himalayas and flows into Pakistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Audit Report WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK for RAWALPINDI and CHAKLALA CANTONMENTS from KHANPUR DAM SOURCE Financial Years 2001-17
    Performance Audit Report WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK FOR RAWALPINDI AND CHAKLALA CANTONMENTS FROM KHANPUR DAM SOURCE Financial Years 2001-17 6th September, 2018 AUDITOR-GENERAL OF PAKISTAN Performance Audit Report on Water Distribution Network for Rawalpindi and Chaklala Cantonments from Khanpur Dam Source 2001-17 by DG Audit Defence Services (North) Rawalpindi i/vii PREFACE The Auditor General of Pakistan conducts audit subject to Article 169 and 170 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973, read with sections 8 and 12 of the Auditor General’s Functions, Powers and Terms and Conditions of Service Ordinance 2001. Auditor General has the mandate to conduct Performance Audit (Value for Money Audit) for the purpose of establishing the economy, efficiency and effectiveness of any expenditure or use of public resources. Performance audit of the project “Water Distribution Network for Rawalpindi Cantonment Board (RCB) & Chaklala Cantonment Board (CCB) from Khanpur Dam Source” funded out of Public Sector Development Programme (PSDP) being sponsored by Ministry of Defence, was carried out accordingly. The Directorate General Audit Defence Services (North) conducted performance audit of the Project “Water Distribution Network for RCB & CCB from Khanpur Dam Source” during October-December, 2017 for the period from 2001 to 2017. The project is still in progress. The audit was conducted with a view to reporting significant findings to stakeholders. Audit examined the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness aspects of the project. In addition, Audit also assessed, on test check basis whether the management complied with applicable laws, rules, and regulations in managing the project. The Audit Report indicates specific actions that, if taken, will help the management to realize the objectives of the project.
    [Show full text]
  • Table -23 Selected Population Statistics of Rural
    TABLE -23 SELECTED POPULATION STATISTICS OF RURAL LOCALITIES POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS HADBAS AGE GROUP HOLDING EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT NAME OF MAUZA / T POPULATION LITERACY % (10+ YEARS) WORKED C.N.I. RELIGION MATRIC BUT BELOW DEGREE 10 18 60 AREA IN DEH / VILLAGE / NUMBER PRIMARY BUT BELOW MATRIC DEGREE & ABOVE (10 CARD & OTHERS ACRES SETTLMENT / DEH ALL TRANSG ALL TRANSG YEARS & YEARS & YEARS & YEARS & (18 MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE TRANSG TRANSG TRANSG NON NUMBER SEXES ENDER SEXES ENDER MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MUSLIM ABOVE ABOVE ABOVE ABOVE) YEARS ENDER ENDER ENDER MUSLIM & 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ABOVE)26 27 LASBELA DISTRICT LASBELA DISTRICT 294,373 153,099 141,271 3 26.11 35.97 15.42 33.33 15,376 6,538 - 10,490 2,357 - 1,704 397 - 292,439 1,934 201,941 151,598 18,016 54,256 116,587 2114376 BELA TEHSIL 80,124 41,690 38,433 1 37.59 51.19 22.85 100.00 5,050 2,227 - 4,690 954 - 972 267 - 79,580 544 54,792 40,682 4,585 12,794 33,111 165446 BELA GHARBI QH 40,319 20,888 19,430 1 30.89 43.68 17.11 100.00 2,423 937 - 1,933 415 - 356 131 - 40,145 174 27,190 20,320 2,327 4,818 16,093 78199 KAHTOR PC 11,199 5,860 5,339 - 16.16 26.00 5.34 - 380 79 - 241 23 - 17 1 - 11,164 35 7,267 5,331 614 1,517 4,358 23118 DAWN 0000034 3,913 2,054 1,859 - 10.17 16.03 3.65 - 111 21 - 56 5 - 5 1 - 3,913 - 2,546 1,926 247 870 1,617 8020 DAWN GHARBI 0000033 899 454 445 - 28.48 43.26 15.81 - 57 30 - 45 10 - 7 - - 886 13 611 447 61 504 393 9551 KAHTOR 0000032 6,387 3,352 3,035 - 18.03 29.89 4.61 - 212 28 - 140 8
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrological Modeling of Haro River Watershed, Pakistan
    IJRRAS 30 (1) ● January 2017 www.arpapress.com/Volumes/Vol30Issue1/IJRRAS_30_1_02.pdf HYDROLOGICAL MODELING OF HARO RIVER WATERSHED, PAKISTAN Mona A. Hagras 1 & Rasikh Habib 2 1 Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shamas University, Cairo, Egypt 2 National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan ABSTRACT Geographical Information System based semi distributed model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used to model the hydrology of Haro river watershed 40 kilometer North West Islamabad, Pakistan. Thus, it aims to simulate the stream flow, establish the water balance and estimate the monthly volume inflow to Khanpur dam located at the basin outlet. SWAT model was calibrated for a ten years period from 1994 to 2003 and validated for a seven years period from 2004 to 2010. Statistical indicators; Pearson Correlation, Coefficient of Determination and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency were used to verify the simulation abilities of the model. Results illustrate a good performance for both calibration and validation periods and acceptable agreement between measured and simulated values of both annual and monthly discharge. The water balance components were estimated and presented here for the studied watershed. Finally, it is concluded that SWAT model can be used in semi-arid regions for the water resources management of the studied watershed. Key words: Hydrological modeling, Soil and Water Assessment Tool, Haro River, Khanpur Dam. 1. INTRODUCTION Pakistan is classified as one of the extremely high level water stress country in the world (Tianyi Luo et al., 2015). Agriculture in Pakistan uses well over 95% of the freshwater resources in addition to the high losses in the sprawling irrigation system.
    [Show full text]
  • Muslim Saints of South Asia
    MUSLIM SAINTS OF SOUTH ASIA This book studies the veneration practices and rituals of the Muslim saints. It outlines the principle trends of the main Sufi orders in India, the profiles and teachings of the famous and less well-known saints, and the development of pilgrimage to their tombs in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. A detailed discussion of the interaction of the Hindu mystic tradition and Sufism shows the polarity between the rigidity of the orthodox and the flexibility of the popular Islam in South Asia. Treating the cult of saints as a universal and all pervading phenomenon embracing the life of the region in all its aspects, the analysis includes politics, social and family life, interpersonal relations, gender problems and national psyche. The author uses a multidimen- sional approach to the subject: a historical, religious and literary analysis of sources is combined with an anthropological study of the rites and rituals of the veneration of the shrines and the description of the architecture of the tombs. Anna Suvorova is Head of Department of Asian Literatures at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. A recognized scholar in the field of Indo-Islamic culture and liter- ature, she frequently lectures at universities all over the world. She is the author of several books in Russian and English including The Poetics of Urdu Dastaan; The Sources of the New Indian Drama; The Quest for Theatre: the twentieth century drama in India and Pakistan; Nostalgia for Lucknow and Masnawi: a study of Urdu romance. She has also translated several books on pre-modern Urdu prose into Russian.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Stratigraphy and Mineral Potential of Sulaiman Basin, Pakistan
    Sindh Univ. Res. Jour. (Sci. Ser.) Vol.42 (2) 39-66 (2010) SURJ UPDATED STRATIGRAPHY AND MINERAL POTENTIAL OF SULAIMAN BASIN, PAKISTAN M. Sadiq Malkani Paleontology and Stratigraphy Branch, Geological Survey of Pakistan, Sariab Road, Quetta, Pakistan Abstract Sulaiman (Middle Indus) Basin represents Mesozoic and Cainozoic strata and have deposits of sedimentary minerals with radioactive and fuel minerals. The new coal deposits and showings, celestite, barite, fluorite, huge gypsum deposits, marble (limestone), silica sand, glauconitic and hematitic sandstone (iron and potash), clays, construction stone are being added here. Sulaiman Basin was previously ignored for updating of stratigraphy and economic mineral potential. Here most of known information on Sulaiman Basin is compiled and presented along with new economic deposits. Keywords: Stratigraphy, Mineral deposits, Sulaiman Basin, Middle Indus Basin, Pakistan. 1. Introduction metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. The study area is The Indus Basin which is a part of located in the central part of Pakistan (Fig.1a). Gondwanan lands (Southern Earth) is separated by an Previously, the Sulaiman Basin has received little Axial Belt (Suture Zone) from the Balochistan and attention, but this paper will add insights on updated Northern areas of Tethyan and Laurasian domains stratigraphy and new mineral discoveries. (northern earth). The Indus Basin (situated in the North-western part of Indo-Pakistan subcontinent) is 2. Materials and Methods located in the central and eastern part of Pakistan and The materials belong to collected field data, further subdivided in to upper (Kohat and Potwar), during many field seasons like lithology, structure, middle (Sulaiman) and Lower (Kirthar) basins. The stratigraphy and mineral commodities (Figs.
    [Show full text]
  • Status and Red List of Pakistan's Mammals
    SSttaattuuss aanndd RReedd LLiisstt ooff PPaakkiissttaann’’ss MMaammmmaallss based on the Pakistan Mammal Conservation Assessment & Management Plan Workshop 18-22 August 2003 Authors, Participants of the C.A.M.P. Workshop Edited and Compiled by, Kashif M. Sheikh PhD and Sanjay Molur 1 Published by: IUCN- Pakistan Copyright: © IUCN Pakistan’s Biodiversity Programme This publication can be reproduced for educational and non-commercial purposes without prior permission from the copyright holder, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior permission (in writing) of the copyright holder. Citation: Sheikh, K. M. & Molur, S. 2004. (Eds.) Status and Red List of Pakistan’s Mammals. Based on the Conservation Assessment and Management Plan. 312pp. IUCN Pakistan Photo Credits: Z.B. Mirza, Kashif M. Sheikh, Arnab Roy, IUCN-MACP, WWF-Pakistan and www.wildlife.com Illustrations: Arnab Roy Official Correspondence Address: Biodiversity Programme IUCN- The World Conservation Union Pakistan 38, Street 86, G-6⁄3, Islamabad Pakistan Tel: 0092-51-2270686 Fax: 0092-51-2270688 Email: [email protected] URL: www.biodiversity.iucnp.org or http://202.38.53.58/biodiversity/redlist/mammals/index.htm 2 Status and Red List of Pakistan Mammals CONTENTS Contributors 05 Host, Organizers, Collaborators and Sponsors 06 List of Pakistan Mammals CAMP Participants 07 List of Contributors (with inputs on Biological Information Sheets only) 09 Participating Institutions
    [Show full text]
  • WATER SECTOR in PAKISTAN POLICY, POLITICS, MANAGEMENT
    IDSA Monograph Series No. 18 April 2013 WATER SECTOR in PAKISTAN POLICY, POLITICS, MANAGEMENT MEDHA BISHT WATER SECTOR IN PAKISTAN: POLICY, POLITICS, MANAGEMENT | 1 IDSA Monograph Series No. 18 April 2013 WATER SECTOR IN PAKISTAN POLICY, POLITICS, MANAGEMENT MEDHA BISHT 2 | MEDHA BISHT Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, sorted in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA). ISBN: 978-93-82169-17-8 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this Monograph are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute or the Government of India. First Published: April 2013 Price: Rs. 280/- Published by: Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses No.1, Development Enclave, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Delhi Cantt., New Delhi - 110 010 Tel. (91-11) 2671-7983 Fax.(91-11) 2615 4191 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.idsa.in Layout & Cover by: Vaijayanti Patankar & Geeta Printed at: M/S A. M. Offsetters A-57, Sector-10, Noida-201 301 (U.P.) Mob: 09810888667 E-mail: [email protected] WATER SECTOR IN PAKISTAN: POLICY, POLITICS, MANAGEMENT | 3 CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 6 PART I Chapter One .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Land of Five Rivers and Sindh by David Ross
    THE LAND OFOFOF THE FIVE RIVERS AND SINDH. BY DAVID ROSS, C.I.E., F.R.G.S. London 1883 Reproduced by: Sani Hussain Panhwar The land of the five rivers and Sindh; Copyright © www.panhwar.com 1 TO HIS EXCELLENCY THE MOST HONORABLE GEORGE FREDERICK SAMUEL MARQUIS OF RIPON, K.G., P.C., G.M.S.I., G.M.I.E., VICEROY AND GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA, THESE SKETCHES OF THE PUNJAB AND SINDH ARE With His Excellency’s Most Gracious Permission DEDICATED. The land of the five rivers and Sindh; Copyright © www.panhwar.com 2 PREFACE. My object in publishing these “Sketches” is to furnish travelers passing through Sindh and the Punjab with a short historical and descriptive account of the country and places of interest between Karachi, Multan, Lahore, Peshawar, and Delhi. I mainly confine my remarks to the more prominent cities and towns adjoining the railway system. Objects of antiquarian interest and the principal arts and manufactures in the different localities are briefly noticed. I have alluded to the independent adjoining States, and I have added outlines of the routes to Kashmir, the various hill sanitaria, and of the marches which may be made in the interior of the Western Himalayas. In order to give a distinct and definite idea as to the situation of the different localities mentioned, their position with reference to the various railway stations is given as far as possible. The names of the railway stations and principal places described head each article or paragraph, and in the margin are shown the minor places or objects of interest in the vicinity.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief on Water Pollution Water – the Essential Resource
    Brief on Water Pollution Water – the essential resource Fresh water as a commodity generates concern being an exhaustible resource and due to the environmental issues related to its degradation. Preserving the quality and availability of freshwater resources however, is becoming the most pressing of many environmental challenges for Pakistan. Perhaps, because water is considered a cheap readily available resource, there is not enough appreciation just how much stress human demands for water are placing on natural ecosystems. Pressures The stress on water resources is from multiple sources and the impact can take diverse forms. The growth of urban megalopolises, increased industrial activity and dependence of the agricultural sector on chemicals and fertilizers has led to the overcharging of the carrying capacity of our water bodies to assimilate and decompose wastes. Deterioration in water quality and contamination of lakes, rivers and ground water aquifers has therefore resulted. The following sub-sections present a closer analysis of various sources of pressure on the country’s water resource base. Increasing Population In 2004, Pakistan stated a population growth rate of 1.9% while the projected figures reached 173 million by 2010 and 221 million by 2025. These estimates suggest that the country would slip below the limit of 1000m3 of water per capita per year from 2010 onwards. The situation could get worse in areas situated outside Indus basin where annual average is already below 1000m3 per head. Water Shortage Water shortage is yet another major obstacle to the development of the country in terms of food security, economic development and industrialization. Even if an improvement of 50% in agricultural productivity with respect to the use of water is considerable, this however remains an unrealistic target.
    [Show full text]
  • Drought Situation Map of Pakistan As of 1 February to 15 February, 2017 Legend
    Drought Situation Map of Pakistan As of 1 February to 15 February, 2017 Legend Mild Drought ¯ Moderate Drought GOJAL ISHKOMEN YASIN MASTUJ ALIABAD Normal NAGAR-II NAGAR-I GUPIS PUNIAL CHITRAL GILGIT GILGIT DAREL SHIGAR TANGIR Slightly Wet KANDIA BALTISTAN KHYBER RONDU CHILAS MASHABRUM PAKHTUNKHWA SKARDU DIR SHARINGAL PATTAN DASSU ASTORE Moderately Wet WARI PALAS SAMARBAGH(BARWA) MATTA KHAPLU KHARMANG MAMUND TEMERGARA ALPURI ALAI BALAKOT AZAD MUNDA GULTARI SAFI KHAR BABUZAI BATAGRAM PURAN Provincial Boundary UPPER SWAT DAGGAR KASHMIR MOMAND RANIZAI GAGRA OGHI MUZAFFARABAD HALIMZAI KHADO MANSEHRA HATTIAN TANGI KATLANG BALA MARDANKHEL ABBOTTABAD LANDI CHARSADDA SWABI DHEERKOT KOTAL PESHAWAR LAHOR JAMRUD TOPI HARIPUR UPPER NOWSHERA HAZRO RAWALAKOT HAVELI BARA Creation Date: February 20 , 2017 KURRAM LOWER PABBI HASSANABDAL MURREE ABBASPUR FR PESHAWAR Indian Occupied Kashmir UPPERORAKZAI ISLAMABAD HAJEERA Projection/Datum: WGS 84 Geographic ORAKZAI FR KOHAT ATTOCK PALLANDARI FATEH HANGU KOHAT JAND Page Size: A3 LOWER JANG ICT SEHNSANAKIAL TALL RAWALPINDI KURRAM BANDA LACHI PINDI KOTLI SHEWA GUJAR SCALE 1:6200,000 DAUD SHAH GHEB GHULAM FR BANNU KHAN MIRPUR KARAK SAMAHNI KHAN SPINWAM SARAI DATA MIR ALI DOMEL TAKHT E TALA CHAKWAL SOHAWA BHIMBER ALAMGIR KHEL BANNU NASRATI GANG DINA BARNALA 0 75 150 300 KM DOSSALI KALLAR CHOA RAZMAK GARYUM NAURANG ISAKHEL SAIDANJHELUM KHARIAN MIANWALI KAHAR GUJRAT FR LAKKI LAKKI SHAH MANDI SIALKOT FR FATA MARWAT KHUSHAB PIND BAHAUDDIN SAMBRIAL BIRMAL TANK DADAN MALAKWAL PASRUR TIARZA PHALIA ZAFARWAL 0 SARAOGHA
    [Show full text]