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Management Plan for Sweet Hall Marsh Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve

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Management Plan for Sweet Hall Marsh Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve COMMONWEALTH of VIRGINIA Management Plan for Sweet Hall Marsh Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Prepared by: Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation Division of Natural Heritage Natural Heritage Technical Report #07-09 2008 Management Plan for Sweet Hall Marsh Reserve – 2008 Management Plan for Sweet Hall Marsh Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2008 Natural Heritage Technical Report #07-09 Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation Division of Natural Heritage 217 Governor Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 (804) 786-7951 This document may be cited as follows: R.K. Myers, K.E. Heffernan, P.P. Coulling, N. Van Alstine, A.C. Chazal, and S.Y. Erdle. 2008. Management Plan for Sweet Hall Marsh Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Natural Heritage Technical Report #07-09. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage. Richmond, Virginia. 48 pages plus appendices. i Management Plan for Sweet Hall Marsh Reserve – 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ iii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..............................................................................................................v PLAN SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................2 Site Purpose ........................................................................................................................2 Management Approach and Policies ...................................................................................2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ................................................................................................3 Description and Location.....................................................................................................3 Climate.................................................................................................................................3 Physical Setting....................................................................................................................5 General Vegetative Description ..........................................................................................7 Site History .........................................................................................................................8 Land Uses and Natural Resources .......................................................................................8 NATURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES .........................................................................................9 Overview..............................................................................................................................9 Ecological Communities .....................................................................................................9 Significant Natural Communities .......................................................................................9 Other Natural Communities ..............................................................................................13 Rare Species.......................................................................................................................16 Potential Natural Heritage Resources ...............................................................................22 Invasive Plants ..................................................................................................................23 RESOURCE STEWARDSHIP......................................................................................................26 Goals and Objectives ........................................................................................................26 Management Issues ...........................................................................................................26 Data Gaps and Research Needs .........................................................................................31 Management Recommendations .......................................................................................33 ADDITIONAL PROTECTION NEEDS.......................................................................................37 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................38 FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS TO NATURAL RESOURCE PLAN............................................38 REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................42 LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................................................................49 ii Management Plan for Sweet Hall Marsh Reserve – 2008 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Summary of water quality measurements collected from the Sweet Hall Marsh SWMP Station over the time period from January 2003 to December 2006 ..................................6 Table 2: Rare and watchlist species known from Sweet Hall Marsh prior to 2006.......................17 Table 3: Plant watchlist species within Sweet Hall marsh and 2006 status...................................19 Table 4: Potential rare animal species for Sweet Hall Marsh Reserve..........................................23 Table 5: Recommended Phragmites management timeline ..........................................................35 iii Management Plan for Sweet Hall Marsh Reserve – 2008 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Boundaries and location of Sweet Hall Marsh Reserve in Virginia.................................4 Figure 2. Low Tidal Freshwater Marsh community at Sweet Hall Marsh dominated by Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed) and Peltandra virginica (arrow-arum)..................................11 Figure 3. Tidal Hardwood Swamp community at the northern end of Sweet Hall Marsh. Zizania aquatica var. aquatica (wild rice) dominates the herb layer beneath a very open canopy of Nyssa biflora (swamp tupelo) and Fraxinus profunda (pumpkin ash) .........................12 Figure 4. Map depicting locations of significant natural communities and vegetation sample plots at Sweet Hall Marsh Reserve....................................................................................15 Figure 5. Sensitive joint-vetch (Aeschynomene virginica) ...........................................................16 Figure 6. Locations of UV light trap and rare skipper population discovered at Sweet Hall Marsh Reserve in 2006................................................................................................20 Figure 7. Rare skipper (Problema bulenta) – a globally rare butterfly species now known to occur at Sweet Hall Marsh Reserve. Photo by A.C. Chazal.....................................................21 Figure 8. Bald eagle nest locations (2004 VDGIF data) and management ..................................22 Figure 9. Non-native Phragmites invading Sweet Hall Marsh. Note the typical blue-green color and dense growth habit.......................................................................................25 Figure 10. Stand of (apparently) native Phragmites at Sweet Hall Marsh. Note the lack of blue-green color and the presence of other marsh species within the stand ......................25 Figure 11. Old charred stump within Sweet Hall Marsh ..............................................................30 iv Management Plan for Sweet Hall Marsh Reserve – 2008 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project was completed through a contractual arrangement between the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) – Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Virginia (CBNERRVA) and the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation – Division of Natural Heritage (DCR-DNH). The project was funded through the Reserve operational Grant No. NA04NOS4200071 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, Estuarine Reserves Division (NOAA-ERD). This Management Plan for the Sweet Hall Marsh Reserve was completed with the combined expertise of many individuals. The authors especially thank the property owners of Sweet Hall Marsh – Scott Reed, Phillip Reed, and Coleman Wortham – for their support and cooperation in this planning initiative. Former DCR-DNH stewardship biologist Sandra Erdle initiated this plan, collected reference materials, and prepared an early draft. Field inventories of tidal marsh and hardwood swamp communities were conducted at Sweet Hall Marsh by DCR-DNH ecologists Dean Walton and Phil Coulling between September 1998 and September 1999. DCR-DNH botanists Nancy Van Alstine and Johnny Townsend conducted botanical surveys at the Reserve on September 25 and 27, 2006. DCR-DNH zoologist Anne Chazal conducted a data search and zoological surveys at the Reserve on July 26-27 and August 15, 2006. All of these field efforts contributed important information to this plan. We acknowledge the helpful reviews and comments by various VIMS staff, including Scott Lerberg – CBNERRVA Stewardship Coordinator, Sandra Erdle – Coastal Training Program Coordinator, and Ken Moore – Research Coordinator. We also acknowledge
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