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Cfreptiles & Amphibians HTTPS://JOURNALS.KU.EDU/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSREPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 28(1):106–109189 • APR 2021 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLESAnurans of Gaya District, . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: On the Road to Understanding the EcologyBihar, and Conservation of theIndia Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 Nalinaksh Pankaj1 and Bhrigu Nath2 RESEARCH ARTICLES 1Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India ([email protected]) . The Texas Horned Lizard2 inDepartment Central and ofWestern Zoology, Texas Anugrah ....................... Memorial Emily College,Henry, Jason Gaya, Brewer, Bihar, Krista India Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida .............................................Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 CONSERVATION ALERT he amphibian fauna of Bihar, India, is not well known. immediate vicinity. (2) Daboor Village Pond (24.8112°N, . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 TVenkateswarulu. More and Than Murthy Mammals ............................................................................................................................... (1972) listed 11 species 84.7259°E; Fig. 1B)....................................... is a 2-ha pond in223 a catchment area of of anurans, Sarkar. (1991)The “Dow listedJones Index” 11 of species Biodiversity from ............................................................................................................................... the Chota- about 8 ha with grasslands and agricultural............ 225 fields. In addition Nagpur Hills in HUSBANDRYBihar, and Sarkar et al. (2004) listed 14 spe- to the main pond, we also surveyed 15–20 ephemeral pools cies from Bihar (including. Captive Care Jharkhand). of the Central Netted However, Dragon ....................................................................................................... no sources in the immediate vicinity. Shannon (3) A Plummer7–10-km 226 stretch of the Falgu document the amphibian diversity of Gaya District. The River (24.7528°N, 84.1299°E; Fig. 1C), drains a catchment Gaya District (24.7969PROFILE°N, 85.9994°E) covers 4,976 km2 at area about 16 ha, much of which is inundated during the . Kraig Adler: A Lifetime Promoting Herpetology ................................................................................................ Michael L. Treglia 234 elevations of 94–104 m asl in southern Bihar. Average annual monsoon season. rainfall is 1,100–1,300COMMENTARY mm, most of which falls during the We identified frogs using keys and descriptions in monsoon. Temperatures. The Turtles range Have from Been Watching a low ofMe 4 ........................................................................................................................ °C in winter to Dubois (1975), Bossuyt and Eric GangloffDubois 238 (2001), Dutta and a high of 45 °C inBOOK summer REVIEW with relative humidity of 15–19% Manamendra-Arachchi (1996), Chanda (2002), Daniels and 62–98%, respectively.. Threatened VegetationAmphibians of the is World largely edited dry by S.N.decidu Stuart,- M. Hoffmann,(2005), J.S. Das Chanson, (2008), N.A. Ahmed Cox, et al. (2009), Kabir et al. (2009), ous forest dominated byR. Berridge, Sal trees P. Ramani, (Shorea and B.E.robusta Young) .............................................................................................................. interspersed and Frost (2020). We recorded Robert habitat Powell 243 for each frog encoun- with grasslands and cultivated areas. The Falgu, Morhar, and tered and collectively assessed the relative abundance of spe- Sorhar Rivers and CONSERVATION a number of RESEARCHtemporary REPORTS: and permanent Summaries of Publishedcies Conservationas in Khan Research (2008): Reports ................................. Very common 245 (VC) = 76–100% NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 ponds, lakes, and wetlandsNEWBRIEFS provide ............................................................................................................................... aquatic habitats. chance of being....................................................... encountered when most 248 active in suitable EDITORIAL INFORMATION Twice daily (0530–0800 h and 1900–2300 ............................................................................................................................... h) from habitat; common (C) = 51–75%...................... chance 251 of being encoun- FOCUS ON CONSERVATION March 2017 to February 2018, we used: visual-encounter A Project You Can Support ...............................................................................................tered; uncommon (UC) = 26–50% chance 252 of being encoun- surveys, point-count surveys, call surveys, and opportunis- tered, and rare (R) ≤ 25% chance of being encountered. We tic encounters to assess the composition of amphibian com- calculated Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness munities at three sites in the district: (1) Ramsagar Pond index, Margalef richness index, and Simpson dominance Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Back Cover. Michael Kern (24.7735°N, 85.0320°E; Fig. 1A) is a large permanent arti- index to compare the diversity and composition of anural Totat et velleseque audant mo Totat et velleseque audant mo 2 ficial pond covering a 821.5-m estibusarea withinveliquo a meanvelique rerchildepth of communitiesestibus inveliquo atvelique each rerchil site. 2 m in densely populated Gaya erspienimus,(city). In quos addition accullabo. Ilibusto the erspienimus, We quosencountered accullabo. Ilibus ten species of anurans in seven genera aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum main pond, we also surveyed smallfugiatis temporary maionsequat poolseumque in the andfugiatis four maionsequat families eumquefrom the three sites (Table 1; Fig. 2). All moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as accullabo. Fig. 1. Aquatic habitats at the study site in Gaya District, Bihar, India: (A) Ramsagar Pond in Gaya; (B) Daboor Village Pond; and (C) Falgu River. Photographs by Nalinaksh Pankaj. Copyright is held by the authors. Articles in R&A are made available under a 106 Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 2332-4961 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license. PANKAJ AND BHRIGUNATH REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 28(1):106–109 • APR 2021 Table 1. Anurans encountered at the study site in Gaya District, Bihar, India. Habitat: LL&BG = leaf litter & bamboo grooves, TH = tree hole, HRA = human residential area, CF = cultivated fields, PG = patchy grasslands, FH = forested hills, T = terrestrial, AQ = bodies of water. Abundance: VC = very common, C = common, UC = uncommon, R = rare. Percent Relative Abundance Species Habitat Abundance Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Bufonidae Common Asian Toad (Fig. 2A) Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider 1799) HRA, FH, T C 8.8 9.2 10.4 Marbled Toad (Fig. 2B) Duttaphrynus stomaticus (Lütken 1864) T, HRA, LL&BG VC 14.9 13.1 12.8 Dicroglossidae Skittering Frog (Fig. 2C) Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schneider 1799) AQ, CF VC 20.2 20.0 16.8 Asian Cricket Frog (Fig. 2D) Frejervarya limnocharis (Gravenhorst 1829) AQ, CF UC 2.6 3.1 6.4 Jerdon’s Bullfrog (Fig. 2E) Hoplobatrachus crassus (Jerdon 1853) AQ, T, CF, FH, PG C 8.8 10.0 9.6 Indian Bullfrog (Fig. 2F) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin 1802) AQ, T, CF, FH, PG VC 18.4 17.7 19.2 Indian Burrowing Frog (Fig. 2G) Sphaerotheca breviceps (Schneider 1799) FH, PG, T UC 6.1 9.2 5.6 Roland’s Burrowing Frog Sphaerotheca rolandae (Dubois 1983) FH, PG, T R 3.5 — 4.0 Microhylidae Marbled Balloon Frog Uperodon systoma (Schneider 1799) FH, near AQ R 3.5 — — Rhacophoridae Common Indian Treefrog (Fig. 2H) Polypedates maculatus (Gray 1830) HRA, T, TH, FH C 13.2 17.7 15.2 were present in the Ramsgar Pond (site 1), eight species in smaller numbers and mainly in agricultural fields and subur- six genera and four families were present in the area around ban areas. The Indian Burrowing Frog (Sphaerotheca brevi- the Daboor Village Pond (site 2), and nine species in seven ceps), Roland’s Burrowing Frog (Sphaerotheca rolandae), and genera and four families were present in the area around the Marbled Balloon Frog (Uperodon systoma) were the least fre- Falgu River (site 3). All of the species encountered have been quently encountered species and the latter two were absent assessed as being of Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red from one or two sites. List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2020). Of the calculated diversity indices (Table 2), all of which The Marbled Toad (Duttaphrynus stomaticus), consider both species richness and relative abundance, the Skittering Frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis), Indian Bullfrog Shannon-Wiener index was lower at site 2 than at sites 1 and (Hoplobatrachus
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