DOCSLIB.ORG

A New Collection of Insects from the Upper Triassic of South Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A New Collection of Insects from the Upper Triassic of South Africa 1 Ann. Natal Mur. Yol. 22(3) Pages 791-820 Pietermaritiburg Novenibcr I976 1 A new collection of insects from the Upper Triassic of South Africa E. F. Riek (Division of Entomology, CSIRO, Canberra City, Australia) SYNOPSIS A second collection of insect fossils fro111 Bird's River and a single specimen from Mount Fletcher are described and illustrated. Meganisoptera, Odonata, Plecoptera and Lcpidoptera are recorded for the fauna, bringing the number of orders known to 11. Meganisoptcra arc rarely recorded from strata as late as the Triassic. Lcpidoptera have not previously been recognized in strata older than the Cretaceous. Large cicada-like Homoptera were a feature of thc fauna. A cercopoid honioptcran has unique lobcs on thc margin of the clavus that would producc a cryptic pattern when the wings are folded. The known fauna of 33 species from the Molteno Formation is listed. Fourteen species and a nymph have been described froin the Molteno Forniation (Zeuner 1939; Riek 1974, 1975). A new collection of 38 specilneiis from Bird's River (C-Dt 11) and one specimen from Mount Fletcher (C-MFI) includes 18 new species, and provides additional data on two described species. Mount Fletcher is a new locality in the Molteno for insect fossils. Insects are now known from nine localities in the Formation. Meganisoptera, Odonata, Plecoptera and Lepidoptera are recorded for the fauna, bringing tlie number of orders known to I 1. The dragonfly-like Meganisoptera are rarely recorded froin strata as late as the Triassic. The specinien is fragmentary, but this is not unusual with insect wings of large size. Large cicada-like Homoptera were diverse: they are represented by five species referred to three families. A dysmorphoptilid cercopoid has a unique lobed margin to the clavus that would produce a cryptic pattern when the wings were folded but the function of the lobes is not known. Lepidoptera have not previously been recognized in strata older than the Cretaceous. The Mesopsychidae, also known from the Upper Triassic of Australia, which are now referred to the Lepidoptera, have had a chequered career. They have previously been referred to a separate order Paratrichoptera, to tlie Trichoptera, to the Mecoptera, or considered closely related to Diptera. Most insects froin the fauna are of moderate to large size but there are also a few small Homoptera, Mecoptera and Coleoptera. The fauna is closely similar to that of the Upper Triassic of Australia although there are some notable additions especially Epheineroptera, Meganisoptera and Protozygopterous Odonata. The Plecoptera, Rlattodea, Orthoptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera are so similar to those of the Australian Upper Triassic that, unless informed of the country of origin, one would readily accept them as part of the Australian fauna of the period. 792 ANNALS OF 711E NATAL MUSEUM, VOI . 22(3), 1976 INSECTS KNOWN FROM THE MOI,TENO FORMATlON Ephemeroptera: Xenophlebioidca Xenophlebiidae X(~noj1h1cbiaoptatn Riek in pres~ Meganisoptera Paralogidae Triu,,rsologus hisrriutus gen. et sp. nov. Odonata: Protozygoptera Triassoneuridae nov. Tt,iassoncum crnck2rroni gen. ct sp. nov. T. heidiar sp. nov. T. rcgtrlariv sp. nov. Plecoptera ?Gripopterygidae Euxenoperlinae Euxenopcrla clur-a sp. nov. Blattodea Poroblattinidae Trinrsoblcrtta nntnlensis (Zeuner) 196 1 T. robz4,rtu Riek I974 T. ~i~nple.~sp. nov. Mesoblattinidae Snmcrroblattn par~wlusp. nov. Sun~aroblattellai.(~~lutcr gen. et sp. nov. ?Mantodea Mesorthopteridae Mesorthoptrron sin1ili.v Riek 1974 Orthoptera Haglidae Hqyln tontortu Riek 1974 Proparagryllacrididae Dorclrcthtin roblato gen. ci sp. nov. Geinitziidae Flr~tc~lzitziaj~ict~ir~tn gen. ct sp. nov. Hemiptera: Ho~noptera Mesogereonidae Triurrogcrron cli\ti~~ctnnzgen. et ~p.nov. Dunstaniidae Flc~tchcrianan~rigtln sp. nov. Dunstaniu pctropl~ilnsp. nov. Cicadoprosbolidae Pro t bolornorj~haclara Riek 1974 L~~pto~~rosbolclq,iilu gen. et sp. nov. Scy tinopteridae Srj~tinoj?t~rrxdrforta sp. nov. Dysmorphoptilidae Tenrzctittin gen nov. protubrrar~.\ Riek 1974 Protopsyllidiidae nymph Megaloptera Euchauliodidae Ec~cknuliock~sclistir~ct~i,~ Riek 1974 Mecoptera Mesopanorpodidae Afiistcllr~ck~licatula Riek 1974 RIEK: NEW UPPFR TRIASSIC INSECTS Lepidoptera : Paratrichoptera Mesoset~daenov. Mrsoses optata gen. el sp. nov. M. n~agnasp. nov. Coleoptera Cuped~dae Moltc~noc~lpestocsnrowi Zeuner 1961 Permosynidae Ademo yne .cl~cciosaRiek 1 974 A. prirca Riek 1974 A. reductn sp. nov. U~~~Xomau~riadt'prc.5 ,a Zeuner 1961 ?S~lphidae P,ccvu'o.sill,lzitc~~natu1cnsi.s Zeuner 1961 SYSTbMATICS ORDER MEGANISOPTERA The order 1s recorded froin the Upper C'1rboniferou5 of Europe and North Amer~ca, Lower PerinIan of North Anierlca 'ind the Urals, the Per~nianof the Archangel area, tlie Upper Perrn~dnof Australia and the Triass~cof France, and posc~blyfrom the Tr~ass~cof Germany although assignincnt of the very ~r~conipletewing of Relsla g~l~rcu(Rels) reinalns In doubt (Carpenter 1931). A cpecies ~c recorded from the Upper Trlassic oS soutl~ernAfrlca. The largest known insects were Meganiaoptera. Some speaes, however, were of a nioderate slzc comparable with liecent Odonata. The Megan~sopterahave a rather pr~m~tivehaw wlng ven'ltlon dlthough there are basal fusions between the veiny MP and CuA, and Cu and anal stem. The dom~nanttwo fam~l~cs,Paralog~dae and Meganeundae, are drctinguished on the branclung of Re and MA. The Tr~adotypldae have unu\ual brancli~ngof the cub~to-analfield The new species resemblec Paralog~daeIn the open venation, In whlch the armc of the first foiking of RE are d~vergentand MA 1s not expanded into a large sector before the middle of ~t\length. The precostal field I< short wlth Sc endlng about level with or before the first forhiog of Rs, as In Paralogidac but also 111 Typh~nac(Mega- neur~dae) The preco~t~ilfield 15 long In Meganeurinae. Fanlily Paralogidae Dirzgnocic. Venation open. Armc of tlie first forklng of Rs divergent. MA not expanded Into a large sector before thc middle of the wing. Precostal field short, w~thSc ending at or before the level of the firlt forking of Rs. Genils Triassologus &en. nov. Type .specic.s. Trias~ologusDiscrirrt~is sp. nov. Ditrgnoci\. S~lnilarto Ol~got~~p~i,and Puralogut a\ far as can be ascertdined from the ~re\ervedportion of the wing but w~tlia dlstlnct double row of cells between the uppernioct two branches oS Rs, lower branch of Rs dist~nctlyforked, and MA and MP ,uhl7,1rallel nntll nell after the first forking of Rs. The genus re>embles Olrgo~jy~l~rInore than Prrrnloguc. 794 ANNALS OF THE NATAL MUSEUM, VOL. 22(3), 1976 Triassologus biseriatus sp. nov. (Fig. 1 ; Plate 1, fig. 5) Type. C-Dt. 11 764, in Bernard Price Institute. Description. Apical half of wing but very incomplete caudally. Length as preserved c. 40 mm, indicating a wing length of c. 95 mm. Costal margin thickened, with a distinct median channel. Subcostal space narrowing apical with R very close to margin. Rs preserved only just distally of the first forking, the lower branch forking apparently before its middle and with the two branches divergent. Area between intercalated vein and upper branch of Rs with a double row of cells and area below with a single row. One cross-vein from R to the upper branch of Rs very much more oblique than the others. Cross-veins between MA and MP simple at least until the level of the forking of the lower branch of Rs. Cubital field only fraglnentar~lypreserved but branches curving strongly to posterior margin. ORDER ODONATA Suborder Protozygoptera The Protozygoptera differ from Zygoptera in not having a conlpletely formed nodus, the discoidal cell is not closed basally and the subnodus is either not developed or not fully aligned with the incipient nodus. The discoidal cell is not closed basally in the fore wing of the Recent species H[>rni- phlebia rnirabili.~Selys and Chorisnragrion risi Morton but the nodus and subnodus are fully formed. The d~scoidalcell is not closed basally in Perrnagriorz falltlarzdicz~m (Tillyard 1928) from the Upper Permian of the Falkland Islands and as the nodus is not completely formed it is preferable to refer the Perniagrionidae to the Proto- zygoptera although Tillyard had considered it as the oldest representative of the Zygoptera. Species from the Upper Triassic of southern Africa resemble Pennagrion,fulhla~~di- cunr in Inany characters, including the open disco~dalcell, but the nodus and sub- nodus are even less defined. However, the basal venation is even more reduced than in many Recent species. The species are referred to a separate famlly of the Protozygoptera. Family Triassoneuridae fam. nov. Protozygoptera with Sc extending allnost to the middle of the wing. The two ailtenodals situated towards the base of the costal space. Postnodals not in line with the cross-veins behind them. Subnodus not developed, the cross-vein more or less transverse. Cu+A free from MP only froin the lower corner of the discoidal cell. It would appear that the stem of Cu-i-A is anastornoscd with MP, to the discoidal cell, and not with the hind margin of the wing. This is similar to the condition in typical Protozygoptera and in Pcrmcrgrio~ except that the anastomosis is more extensive distally. The family differs from the Permagrionidae in the more distal position of the incipient node, the non-development of a subnodus, the non-alignment of the post- nodals with the cross-veins behind them and the anastomosis of Cu-+A with MP to the lower corner of the discoidal cell. RIEK: NEW UPPER TRIASSIC INSECTS Figs 1 -5. (1) fiicr.s.ro1o~rr.shiscr-icrtrrs gcn. et sp. nov. Holoty ~e C-Dt 11 764; (2) Tr-icrssoncrrrarmrk.rsof~i yen. et sp. nov. 1-lolotypc C-Dt 11 763 h; (3) Trrtr\.ronc~rrrtrl~c,it/icrc> sp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • IGCP 632, the Jurassic–Cretaceous Transition In
    IGCP 79 IGCP 632, The Jurassic–Cretaceous transition in North Eastern China (western Liaoning and Inner Mongolia): An IGCP meeting and field excursion on the conti- nental Jurassic Jingeng Sha1, Yanhong Pan1, Enpu Gong2, and Vivi Vajda3* 1 LPS, Nanjing Institute of Geology & Paleontology, Nanjing 210008, China 2 Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China 3 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden, *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Exposures of strata spanning the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary been discovered. However, the correlation of the various lithostrati- occur within several basins in western Liaoning and adjacent Inner graphic units in this area is complicated due to patchy exposures and Mongolia. These continental successions host world-renowned plant the scarcity of radiometric constraints, which pose a challenge to researchers and animal fossils including feathered dinosaurs and the oldest flow- working on these deposits. ering plant, Archaeofructus. The first feathered dinosaurs from north- To understand the stratigraphy and context of the Jurassic–Creta- eastern China where found about 20 years ago and created a major ceous biota in Liaoning province, the second IGCP-632 symposium impact in science and the media. Since then, many new specimens have was organized in Liaoning, including a two-day presentation (Sep- Figure 1. (A) Sketch map over the field excursion area in north-eastern China. (B) enlargement of the field region showing the localities of the field stops. Episodes Vol. 40, no. 1 80 intracontinental orogenic system, the Yanshan Movement, and creating a new basin-range system in east Asia. Vivi Vajda presented new results (Peterffy et al., 2015; Vajda et al., 2016) where she compre- hensively analyzed the end-Triassic mass extinc- tion and aftermath and its causal mechanisms, particularly stressing the affects of Jurassic vol- canism in disrupting the major ecosystems but also its importance for fossilization.
    [Show full text]
  • UFRJ a Paleoentomofauna Brasileira
    Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ www.anuario.igeo.ufrj.br A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual The Brazilian Fossil Insects: Current Scenario Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Scheler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências: Patrimônio Geopaleontológico, Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista s/nº, São Cristóvão, 20940-040. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recebido em: 24/01/2018 Aprovado em: 08/03/2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2018_1_142_166 Resumo O presente trabalho fornece um panorama geral sobre o conhecimento da paleoentomologia brasileira até o presente, abordando insetos do Paleozoico, Mesozoico e Cenozoico, incluindo a atualização das espécies publicadas até o momento após a última grande revisão bibliográica, mencionando ainda as unidades geológicas em que ocorrem e os trabalhos relacionados. Palavras-chave: Paleoentomologia; insetos fósseis; Brasil Abstract This paper provides an overview of the Brazilian palaeoentomology, about insects Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, including the review of the published species at the present. It was analiyzed the geological units of occurrence and the related literature. Keywords: Palaeoentomology; fossil insects; Brazil Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ 142 ISSN 0101-9759 e-ISSN 1982-3908 - Vol. 41 - 1 / 2018 p. 142-166 A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Schefler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes 1 Introdução Devoniano Superior (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). Os insetos são um dos primeiros organismos Algumas ordens como Blattodea, Hemiptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera e Psocopera surgiram a colonizar os ambientes terrestres e aquáticos no Carbonífero com ocorrências até o recente, continentais (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa,Revision of the Genus Suljuktocossus Becker-Migdisova
    Zootaxa 1576: 57–62 (2007) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Revision of the genus Suljuktocossus Becker-Migdisova, 1949 (Hemiptera, Palae- ontinidae), with description of a new species from Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China YING WANG & DONG REN1 College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China 1Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In this paper a complete specimen of fossil Palaeontinidae, Suljuktocossus yinae sp. nov. from Daohugou (Jiulongshan Formation) in Inner Mongolia, China is described. This new species is established based on both complete forewings and hindwings. According to this specimen, the diagnosis of the genus Suljuktocossus is revised. Moreover, based on the dis- tribution of the genus Suljuktocossus, we consider the age of the Daohugou biota as Middle Jurassic. Key words fossil, morphology, Cicadomorpha, Middle Jurassic Introduction The genus Suljuktocossus erected by Becker-Migdisova is represented only by an incomplete forewing from the Early Jurassic of Shurab, Tadzhikistan (Becker-Migdisova, 1949). Recently another species belonging to this genus from the Daohugou biota, Inner Mongolia was reported (Wang et al., 2007). From the same beds, the specimen we discovered is in remarkably good condition; both forewings and hind wings can be seen clearly. Previously, the rich entomofauna from the Jiulongshan Formation in Daohugou Village, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia was dated as Middle Jurassic (Ren et al., 1995; Ren & Krzemiski, 2002; Ren et al., 2002; Shen et al., 2003; Chen et al., 2004; Liu et al., 2004; Gao & Ren, 2006; Huang et al., 2006; Ji et al., 2006; Yao et al., 2006; Tan & Ren, 2006; Liu et al., 2007), Late Jurassic (Zhang, 2002) or Early Cretaceous (Wang et al., 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • From the Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia, China
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Progress in Natural Science 18 (2008) 59–64 New dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata: Gomphaeschnidae) from the Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia, China Binglan Zhang a, Dong Ren a,*, Hong Pang b a College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China b State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China Received 25 April 2007; received in revised form 17 July 2007; accepted 27 July 2007 Abstract Two fossil dragonflies from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liutiaogou Village, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China are described and illustrated. They are assigned to two new genera and species, i.e., Sophoaeschna frigida gen. et sp. nov. and Falsisophoaeschna generalis gen. et sp. nov. within the family Gomphaeschnidae Tillyard & Fraser, 1940. This is the first report of Odonata from Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia and the second record of fossil Gomphaeschnidae from China. Ó 2007 National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science in China Press. All rights reserved. Keywords: Odonata; New genus; Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous; Yixian Formation; China 1. Introduction City, western Liaoning Province, China [4]. It is the only fossil report of family Gomphaeschnidae from China prior The family Gomphaeschnidae Tillyard & Fraser, 1940 to this study. Recently, we collected two fossil specimens of (sensu Bechly [1]) is a relict group maybe containing one this family from Yixian Formation in Liutiaogou Village, extant genus, Oligoaeschna Selys, 1889 with 32 extant spe- Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China.
    [Show full text]
  • The Value of Urban Ponds for Odonata and Plant Biodiversity
    The Value of Urban Ponds for Odonata and Plant Biodiversity Mary Ann Perron Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies and Research University of Ottawa In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in the Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5 Thèse soumise à l’École des Études Supérieures et de la Recherche Université d’Ottawa En vue de l’obtention du diplôme de doctorat (Ph.D.) au Département de Biologie, Université d’Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5 Mary Ann Perron, Ottawa, Canada, 2020 I dedicate this thesis to my father, Jules Perron, who is my biggest inspiration. I love you dad. ii Abstract Urbanization involves the conversion of natural areas to impervious surfaces, which can lead to an increase in the frequency and severity of flood events in cities. To mitigate flood risk, stormwater ponds are constructed to manage urban runoff. Stormwater ponds can also be colonized by wildlife, but their suitability as habitat is disputed due to potential toxicological risks. This study assessed the suitability of stormwater ponds as habitat for the bioindicators Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) and determined environmental factors that impact their community structure. Odonata (adults, nymphs and exuviae) were sampled at 41 stormwater ponds and 10 natural reference ponds across the National Capital Region of Canada, with a subset of ponds sampled over four years (2015-2018). Plant communities, water quality and surrounding land cover were analyzed at each pond to determine their impacts on Odonata community structure. Overall, stormwater ponds had lower Odonata abundance and a greater variation in species richness and community structure compared to natural ponds but had comparable dragonfly reproduction rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Remarkable Fossil Insect Larvae from Burmese Amber Suggest the Presence of a Terminal Filum in the Direct Stem Lineage of Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata)
    Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy) vol. 126(1): 13-35. March 2020 TWO REMARKABLE FOSSIL INSECT LARVAE FROM BURMESE AMBER SUGGEST THE PRESENCE OF A TERMINAL FILUM IN THE DIRECT STEM LINEAGE OF DRAGONFLIES AND DAMSELFLIES (ODONATA) MARIO SCHÄDEL1*, PATRICK MÜLLER2 & JOACHIM T. HAUG1,3 1*Corresponding author. Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 2Friedhofstr. 9, 66894 Käshofen, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 3GeoBio-Center of the LMU Munich, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] To cite this article: Schädel M., Müller P. & Haug J.T. (2020) - Two remarkable fossil insect larvae from Burmese amber suggest the presence of a terminal filum in the direct stem lineage of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). Riv. It. Paleontol. Strat., 126(1): 13-35. Keywords: character evolution; Cretaceous; moult; Myanmar; Odonatoptera; ontogeny. Abstract. The fossil record of dragonfly relatives (Odonatoptera) dates back to the Carboniferous, yet knowl- edge about these extinct animals is meagre. For most of the species little is known except for the characteristics of the wing venation. As a result, it is difficult to include fossil larvae in a (wing character based) phylogenetic tree as the wing venation is not visible in most of the larval instars. Two larval specimens from Cretaceous Burmese amber are in the focus of this study. The two specimens likely represent two subsequent early stage larval instars of the same individual. Not only is this an exceptional case to study ontogenetic processes in fossils – the larval instars are morphologically completely different from all known larvae of Odonata with respect to the posterior abdominal region.
    [Show full text]
  • The Antennal Pathway of Dragonfly Nymphs, from Sensilla to the Brain Silvana Piersanti, Manuela Rebora, Gianandrea Salerno, Sylvia Anton
    The Antennal Pathway of Dragonfly Nymphs, from Sensilla to the Brain Silvana Piersanti, Manuela Rebora, Gianandrea Salerno, Sylvia Anton To cite this version: Silvana Piersanti, Manuela Rebora, Gianandrea Salerno, Sylvia Anton. The Antennal Pathway of Dragonfly Nymphs, from Sensilla to the Brain. Insects, MDPI, 2020, 11 (12), pp.886. 10.3390/in- sects11120886. hal-03137433 HAL Id: hal-03137433 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03137433 Submitted on 28 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. insects Article The Antennal Pathway of Dragonfly Nymphs, from Sensilla to the Brain Silvana Piersanti 1 , Manuela Rebora 1, Gianandrea Salerno 2 and Sylvia Anton 3,* 1 Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (M.R.) 2 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] 3 IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 49045 Angers, France * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 1 December 2020; Accepted: 15 December 2020; Published: 16 December 2020 Simple Summary: The study of the sensory biology in aquatic insects undergoing incomplete metamorphosis, passing from nymphal life in fresh water to adult aerial life, provide great opportunities to understand how Arthropod nervous systems can adapt in response to critical ecological challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of Endopterygote Insects, the Most Successful Lineage of Living Organisms*
    REVIEW Eur. J. Entomol. 96: 237-253, 1999 ISSN 1210-5759 Phylogeny of endopterygote insects, the most successful lineage of living organisms* N iels P. KRISTENSEN Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Insecta, Endopterygota, Holometabola, phylogeny, diversification modes, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera, Coleóptera, Strepsiptera, Díptera, Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera Abstract. The monophyly of the Endopterygota is supported primarily by the specialized larva without external wing buds and with degradable eyes, as well as by the quiescence of the last immature (pupal) stage; a specialized morphology of the latter is not an en­ dopterygote groundplan trait. There is weak support for the basal endopterygote splitting event being between a Neuropterida + Co­ leóptera clade and a Mecopterida + Hymenoptera clade; a fully sclerotized sitophore plate in the adult is a newly recognized possible groundplan autapomorphy of the latter. The molecular evidence for a Strepsiptera + Díptera clade is differently interpreted by advo­ cates of parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of sequence data, and the morphological evidence for the monophyly of this clade is ambiguous. The basal diversification patterns within the principal endopterygote clades (“orders”) are succinctly reviewed. The truly species-rich clades are almost consistently quite subordinate. The identification of “key innovations” promoting evolution­
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis (PDF, 13.51MB)
    Insects and their endosymbionts: phylogenetics and evolutionary rates Daej A Kh A M Arab The University of Sydney Faculty of Science 2021 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Authorship contribution statement During my doctoral candidature I published as first-author or co-author three stand-alone papers in peer-reviewed, internationally recognised journals. These publications form the three research chapters of this thesis in accordance with The University of Sydney’s policy for doctoral theses. These chapters are linked by the use of the latest phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary techniques for analysing obligate mutualistic endosymbionts and their host mitochondrial genomes to shed light on the evolutionary history of the two partners. Therefore, there is inevitably some repetition between chapters, as they share common themes. In the general introduction and discussion, I use the singular “I” as I am the sole author of these chapters. All other chapters are co-authored and therefore the plural “we” is used, including appendices belonging to these chapters. Part of chapter 2 has been published as: Bourguignon, T., Tang, Q., Ho, S.Y., Juna, F., Wang, Z., Arab, D.A., Cameron, S.L., Walker, J., Rentz, D., Evans, T.A. and Lo, N., 2018. Transoceanic dispersal and plate tectonics shaped global cockroach distributions: evidence from mitochondrial phylogenomics. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35(4), pp.970-983. The chapter was reformatted to include additional data and analyses that I undertook towards this paper. My role was in the paper was to sequence samples, assemble mitochondrial genomes, perform phylogenetic analyses, and contribute to the writing of the manuscript.
    [Show full text]
  • Rasnitsynala Sigambrorum Gen. Et Sp. N., a Small Odonatopterid
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 130: 57–66 (2011)Rasnitsynala sigambrorum gen. et sp. n., a small odonatopterid... 57 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.130.1458 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Rasnitsynala sigambrorum gen. et sp. n., a small odonatopterid (“Eomeganisoptera”, “Erasipteridae”) from the early Late Carboniferous of Hagen-Vorhalle (Germany) Wolfgang Zessin1,†, Carsten Brauckmann2,‡, Elke Gröning2,§ 1 Lange Straße 9, 19230 Jasnitz, Germany 2 Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Leibnizstraße 10, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany † urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:EE854837-A2FB-457C-82F1-60406627EC58 ‡ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:A9B536B4-6DEF-48C4-980A-9EB8A9467F8B § urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6D085012-9A15-4937-B408-FEFDF39B4907 Corresponding author: Wolfgang Zessin ([email protected]) Academic editor: D. Shcherbakov | Received 2 May 2011 | Accepted 26 August 2011 | Published 24 September 2011 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:708DBB4C-244E-4606-992B-D10129016158 Citation: Zessin W, Brauckmann C, Gröning E (2011) Rasnitsynala sigambrorum gen. et sp. n., a small odonatopterid (“Eomeganisoptera”, “Erasipteridae”) from the early Late Carboniferous of Hagen-Vorhalle (Germany). In: Shcherbakov DE, Engel MS, Sharkey MJ (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Fossil and Modern Insects: Honouring Alexandr Rasnitsyn. ZooKeys 130: 57–66. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.130.1458 Abstract Besides Erasipteroides valentini (Brauckmann in Brauckmann, Koch & Kemper, 1985), Zessinella siope Brauckmann, 1988, and Namurotypus sippeli Brauckmann & Zessin, 1989, Rasnitsynala sigambrorum gen. et sp. n. is the fourth species of the Odonatoptera from the early Late Carboniferous (Early Penn- sylvanian: Namurian B, Marsdenian) deposits of the important Hagen-Vorhalle Konservat-Lagerstätte in Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Bbm:978-94-017-9597-5/1.Pdf
    Index A Arenicolites isp . , 21 , 46 , 64 , 70 , 85 , 88 Abarenicola pacifi ca , 105 Aristopentapodiscus , 373 Acanthichnus , 454 Artichnus , 21 , 43 , 93 Acropentapodiscus , 373 Artichnus pholeoides , 9 4 Acunaichnus dorregoensis , 390 Asaphoidichnus , 454 Ademosynidae , 195 Asencio Formation , 344 Adephagan beetles , 201 Asiatoceratodus , 238 Agua de la Peña Group , 192 Asteriacites , 9 , 21 , 43 , 44 , 66 Alcyonidiopsis , 280 , 283 Asteriacites lumbricalis , 42 , 67 Allocotichnus , 454 Asterosoma , 21 , 46 , 47 , 52 , 63 , 65 , 68 , 69 , 76 , Ameghinichnus , 372 , 373 78 , 85 , 89 , 95 Ameghinichnus patagonicu s , 372 Asterosoma coxii , 5 2 Amphibiopodiscus , 373 Asterosoma ludwigae , 5 2 Anachalcos mfwangani , 346 Asterosoma radiciformis , 5 2 Anchisauripus , 6 , 8 Asterosoma striata , 5 2 Ancorichnus , 4 5 Asterosoma surlyki , 5 2 Angulata Zone , 7 , 11 Atreipus , 6 , 8 , 147 Angulichnus , 454 Australopithecus , 413 Anomoepus , 6–8 Australopiths , 411 Anthropoidipes ameriborealis , 437 Avolatichnium , 192 Anyao Formation , 198 Azolla ferns , 202 Apatopus , 5 , 6 , 146 Arachnomorphichnus , 454 Arachnostega , 21 , 45 , 46 , 49 , 61 B Aragonitermes teruelensis , 335 Baissatermes lapideus , 335 Arariperhinus monnei , 335 Baissoferidae , 211 , 216 Archaeonassa , 34 , 62 , 223 , 454 Balanoglossites , 4 6 Archaeonassa fossulata , 192 Barberichnus bonaerensis , 304 Archeoentomichnus metapolypholeos , 320 Barrancapus , 5 Archosaur trackways , 6 Bathichnus paramoudrae , 8 0 Archosaurs , 137 , 138 , 140 , 143 , 145–147 , 160 Batrachopus , 6
    [Show full text]
  • Durlachia Striata Gen. Nov., Spec. Nov., a New Beetle (Coleoptera) from the Upper Buntsand- Stein (German Lower Triassic) from Karlsruhe
    ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at carolinea, 67 (2009): 5-12, 3 Abb.; Karlsruhe, 15.12.2009 5 Durlachia striata gen. nov., spec. nov., a new beetle (Coleoptera) from the Upper Buntsand- stein (German Lower Triassic) from Karlsruhe EBERHARD FREY, SAMUEL GIERSCH & WOLFGANG MUNK Abstract Autoren A fossil beetle from the Upper Buntsandstein (Röt- EBERHARD FREY, SAMUEL GIERSCH & WOLFGANG MUNK, Folge, Lower Triassic) in Karlsruhe Durlach-Eisen- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Geowissen- hafengrund is described. The specimen is one of the schaftliche Abteilung, Erbprinzenstraße 13, 76133 oldest known beetle findings in Germany. According to Karlsruhe, Germany. E-mail of corresponding author: its stratigrafic context, the finding layer can be corre- [email protected]. lated with the Voltzia-Sandstone (E-France), which also yielded fossil beetles. The silty matrix, in which the bee- tle occurs, is interpreted as seasonal playa sediment. 1 Introduction The beetle was fragmented during extraction. The lack of diagnostic features of elytra, scutellum and prono- tum does not allow to assign the specimen to a family. The earliest fossil Coleoptera are reported from However, the elytral humeral callus, the set off prono- the Early Permian of southern Siberia and the tum with caudolaterally concave margins combined Ural Mountains (PONOMARENKO 2003). They are with the size of almost 15 mm allows a diagnostic referred to Tschekardocoleidae (Protocoleo- distinction from other coeval Coleoptera at least in Eu- ptera, ROHDENDORF 1944). Throughout the later rope. Therefore, it is justified to refer the specimen from Permian, beetle fossils are frequently found. Durlach-Eisenhafengrund to a new genus and species: These early beetles are referred to Archostema- Durlachia striata.
    [Show full text]