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Review: Background to the Gospel 1 Choosing the best ending, write a sentence each for the following. The Roman allowed the Jews what privilege? Which religious party at the time of Jesus A Romans never sentenced Jews to death accepted these books as their only rule of life? B Jews didn’t have to pay taxes to Rome A Sadducees C Jews were excused from serving in the B Pharisees Roman army C Zealots Which two dates approximate to the times when Pharisee ‘ separated one’ implies that they Solomon's Temple and Herod's Temple were A resisted all pagan influences on Judaism. destroyed? B lived alone as hermits in the hills. A 1200 BC, 70 BC C never mixed with the Sadducees. B 440 BC, 120 AD C 586 BC, 70 AD Most scribes were also A Pharisees. What was the major duty of the priests of the B Sadducees. Temple? C Zealots. A to pray B to collect Temple taxes Between which two groups was there no C to offer sacrifice to God on behalf of the common ground? people A Sadducees and Romans B Publicans and Zealots Which of the following is not used to mean the C Sadducees and Pharisees first five books of the Bible? A Law of Moses Which of the following groups was most B Talmud violently opposed to Roman rule? C Torah A Zealots D Pentateuch B Pharisees C Publicans 2 Write each group with a description that best fits. Zealots Conquerors In each case give a one-sentence reason for your Samaritans Collaborators answer. Tax Collectors Compromisers Peaceful Romans Separatists Violent Sadducees Separatists Pharisees Outsiders © 2006 P.J. McHugh 1 3 Read the following ‘quotes’. Use your knowledge of the groups to copy and complete the sentences below. a) The people most likely to say quote __ are ______ because … b) The people least likely to say quote __ are ______ because … Q P By the gods, I How dare you question cannot wait for a our ancestry! We worship the One God and we’re just new posting. as good as you. R All that fussing about messiahs – why can’t they let things be, and stick with the Torah? The Romans aren’t such bad chaps, really. S The only good Roman is T What does it matter what you eat – so long a dead Roman. as it’s well cooked and tasty? U The Law of the elders is the bore of the elders. © 2006 P.J. McHugh 2.

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Revolutionaries in the First Century
BYU Studies Quarterly Volume 36 Issue 3 Article 9 7-1-1996 Revolutionaries in the First Century Kent P. Jackson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq Part of the Mormon Studies Commons, and the Religious Education Commons Recommended Citation Jackson, Kent P. (1996) "Revolutionaries in the First Century," BYU Studies Quarterly: Vol. 36 : Iss. 3 , Article 9. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq/vol36/iss3/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in BYU Studies Quarterly by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jackson: Revolutionaries in the First Century masada and life in first centuryjudea Published by BYU ScholarsArchive, 1996 1 BYU Studies Quarterly, Vol. 36, Iss. 3 [1996], Art. 9 revolutionaries in the first century kent P jackson zealotszealousZealots terrorists freedom fighters bandits revolutionaries who were those people whose zeal for religion for power or for freedom motivated them to take on the roman empire the great- est force in the ancient world and believe that they could win because the books ofofflaviusjosephusflavius josephus are the only source for most of our understanding of the participants in the first jewish revolt we are necessarily dependent on josephus for the answers to this question 1 his writings will be our guide as we examine the groups and individuals involved in the jewish rebellion I21 in
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Who Were the Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes & Zealots
Who were the Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes & Zealots The Sadducees were mostly members of the wealthy conservative elite. They had opened their hearts to the secular world of Greek culture and commerce, while insisting that the only worthy form of Judaism was to be found in a rather spiritless, fundamentalist, “pure letter-of-the-law” reading of the Torah. Philosophically, they denied such concepts as resurrection, personal immortality, or other ideas that were only found in the Oral tradition (eventually written down in the Talmud). Politically, they contented themselves with the way things were and resisted change – preferring instead to promote cordial relations with the Romans. Although they often held influential positions in society, they were unpopular with the masses who generally opposed all foreign influences. The Pharisees, the largest group, were mostly middle-class Jews who emphasized the exact keeping of the law as it had been interpreted by sages, elders, and rabbis. Politically, they were ardent anti-Hellenists and anti-Romans. The Pharisees were admired by the majority of Jews, but they were never a very large group since most people had neither the education nor the time to join the party and follow all their stringent rules regarding prayer, fasting, festival observance, tithing, etc. Pharisees were greatly influenced by Persian ideas of Good and Evil, and they adhered to the growing belief in the resurrection of the body with an afterlife of rewards and punishments. Over time, many of the finer impulses of Pharisaism would weaken into an empty religious formalism (as is ever the case), focusing on outward actions rather than the inward experience of the soul.
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Zealots: Jesus and His Day Ones 1. Titus 2:11-14 (Zealots Make The
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Judaism: Pharisees, Scribes, Sadducees, Essenes, and Zealots Extremist Fighters Who Extremist Political Freedom Regarded Imperative
Judaism: Pharisees,Scribes,Sadducees,Essenes,andZealots © InformationLtd. DiagramVisual PHARISEES SCRIBES SADDUCEES ESSENES ZEALOTS (from Greek for “separated (soferim in ancient Hebrew) (perhaps from Greek for (probably Greek from the (from Greek “zealous one”) ones”) “followers of Zadok,” Syriac “holy ones”) Solomon’s High Priest) Evolution Evolution Evolution Evolution Evolution • Brotherhoods devoted to • Copiers and interpreters • Conservative, wealthy, and • Breakaway desert monastic • Extremist fighters who the Torah and its strict of the Torah since before aristocratic party of the group, especially at regarded political freedom adherence from c150 BCE. the Exile of 586 BCE. status quo from c150 BCE. Qumran on the Dead Sea as a religious imperative. Became the people’s party, Linked to the Pharisees, Usually held the high from c130 BCE Underground resistance favored passive resistance but some were also priesthood and were the Lived communally, without movement, especially to Greco-Roman rule Sadducees and on the majority of the 71-member private property, as farmers strong in Galilee. The Sanhedrin Supreme Sanhedrin Supreme or craftsmen under a most fanatical became Council Council. Prepared to work Teacher of Righteousness sicarii, dagger-wielding with Rome and Herods and Council assassins Beliefs Beliefs Beliefs Beliefs Beliefs • Believed in Messianic • Defined work, etc, so as • Did not believe in • Priesthood, Temple • “No rule but the Law – redemption, resurrection, to keep the Sabbath. resurrection, free will, sacrifices, and calendar No King but God”. They free will, angels and Obedience to their written angels, and demons, or were all invalid. They expected a Messiah to demons, and oral code would win salvation oral interpretations of the expected the world’s early save their cause interpretations of the Torah – enjoy this life end and did not believe in Torah resurrection.
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Pauline Epistles Overview
Session 1 of 15 Pauline Epistles Overview Pauline epistles Apostle of the Crucified Lord, Michael Gorman, 2004 is the main book I studied along with notes and references in the New Jerusalem Bible and my own class notes. Historical, literary, theological, and religious aspects of Paul’s letters to be covered 1. Pay attention to small details and grand themes - the themes inform the details and the details create the themes. This is the “hermeneutical (interpretative) circle.” 2. Six key words describe the frame of reference in which Paul is understood: a. Jewish b. Covenantal c. Narrative - salvation history from promise to ultimate fulfillment (eschatalogical) d. Countercultural e. Trinitarian f. Cruciform 3. Worked directly with Greek text; scriptural quotations come from New Revised Standard Version 4. Let’s engage Paul and his letters as the pastoral, spiritual, and theological challenge Paul intended his letters to be. Our driving question is: What does this letter urge the Church to believe, to hope for, and to do? Study Guide developed by Ginger Herrington, Director of Adult Formation, St. Mary Magdalene Catholic Church, 2021 Session 1 of 15 Pauline Epistles Overview Chapter 1: Paul’s Worlds 1. Greek-speaking (koine = common); born of Jewish parents of the tribe of Benjamin - a Pharisee of Second Temple Judaism; a Roman citizen under Caesar Augustus. Culture: Greek; Religion: Judaism; Political power: Romans. 2. Hellenization - most people of the time spoke, thought, and wrote in koine; Jews used Greek translation of Hebrew Scripture (Septuagint, LXX). Greek culture permeated the Mediterranean basin, but did not replace local customs - rather, Greek culture merged with each local community.
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Herod I, Flavius Josephus, and Roman Bathing
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Zealots and Pharisees
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Josephus' Jewish War and the Causes of the Jewish Revolt: Re-Examining Inevitability
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Jesus and the Zealots a Study of the Political Factor in Primitive Christianity
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WBW | P.2 | Timeline of Acts | Notes
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Visions of Apocalypse: What Jews, Christians, and Muslims Believe
May 2010 Visions of Apocalypse What Jews, Christians, and Muslims Believe about the End Times, and How Those Beliefs Affect Our World An essay on comparative eschatology among the three Abrahamic faiths—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—and how beliefs about the end times express themselves through foreign policy and conflict By Robert Leonhard STRATEGIC ASSESSMENTS NATIONAL SECURITY ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY • APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723-6099 The creation of this monograph was sponsored by the Strategic Assessments Project within the National Security Analysis Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL). Its ideas are intended to stimulate and provoke thinking about national security issues. Not everyone will agree with the premises put forward. It should be noted that this monograph reflects the views of the author alone and does not imply concurrence by APL or any other organization or agency. Table of Contents Preface………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………Page 3 Chapter 1: Prophecy and Interpretation ………………………………………………….…………………Page 10 Chapter 2: Mélekh ha-Mashíah (The Anointed King): Judaism and the End Times…......Page 21 Chapter 3: Thy Kingdom Come: Christianity and the End Times…………………….…………….Page 54 Chapter 4: The Awaited One: Islam and the End Times……………………………….………..…….Page 102 Chapter 5: Conclusion: The Crucible of Prophecy……………………………………………………....Page 121 2 PREFACE On the slopes of the Mount of Olives, east of Jerusalem and within sight of both the Temple Mount and the al-Aqsa Mosque, lie 150,000 Jewish graves dating from ancient times through today. Many of the bodies are buried with their feet toward the city, because ancient prophets declared that the resurrection would begin there, and the faithful would rise and follow the Messiah into the Holy City.
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Josephus's Blunting of Amalek and Phinehas the Zealot in Jewish Antiquities: a Statement Against Nationalism
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