Judaism: Pharisees, Scribes, Sadducees, Essenes, and Zealots Extremist Fighters Who Extremist Political Freedom Regarded Imperative

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Judaism: Pharisees, Scribes, Sadducees, Essenes, and Zealots Extremist fighters who Extremist political freedom regarded imperative. as a religious resistance Underground especially movement, in Galilee. The strong most fanatical became sicarii, dagger-wielding assassins – “No rule but the Law No King but God”. They expected a Messiah to their cause save against Rome Led revolts in 6, 42 and 66–73 CE but often divided among were themselves 900 Zealots Last stand by at Masada 73 CE • • • • ZEALOTS “zealous one”) Greek (from Evolution Beliefs Practices Fate Breakaway desert monastic Breakaway at especially group, Qumran on the Dead Sea c130 BCE from without communally, Lived as farmers private property, or craftsmen under a of Righteousness Teacher and Council Priesthood, Temple sacrifices, and calendar They all invalid. were early expected the world’s in end and did not believe Year’s resurrection. membership for probation times a three Worshipped Copied in strict order. day Ritual scriptures. Hebrew baths plus meal of wine and on Sabbath. Few bread lived and women married, outside walls about 4,000. Numbered Qumran was destroyed 68–70 CE ESSENES the from Greek (probably ones”) Syriac “holy Evolution • • • • Beliefs Practices Fate Conservative, wealthy, and Conservative, wealthy, aristocratic party of the c150 BCE. status quo from held the high Usually the priesthood and were majority of the 71-member Sanhedrin Supreme to work Council. Prepared with Rome and Herods in Did not believe will, free resurrection, angels, and demons, or of the oral interpretations this life – enjoy Torah High Priests had a on animals for monopoly 10 sacrifice and levied of upkeep tithe for percent and Marriage the Temple. luxurious living were acceptable Did not survive the destruction of the Temple 70 CE SADDUCEES for Greek from (perhaps of Zadok,” “followers High Priest) Solomon’s Evolution • Beliefs • Practices • Fate • Copiers and interpreters Copiers and interpreters since before of the Torah the Exile of 586 BCE. to the Pharisees, Linked also but some were and on the Sadducees Sanhedrin Supreme Council etc,Defined work, so as the Sabbath. to keep Obedience to their written win salvation code would Compiled the Mishnah c200 CE of oral law record to survive the group Only of 66–73 CE Revolt Jewish SCRIBES in ancient Hebrew) (soferim Evolution • Beliefs • Practices • Fate • Brotherhoods devoted to devoted Brotherhoods and its strict the Torah c150 BCE. from adherence party, Became the people’s resistance passive favored rule to Greco-Roman in Messianic Believed resurrection, redemption, will, angels and free demons, and oral of the interpretations Torah and Fasted twice a week washed ritually. hours of Observed seven 10 percent and gave prayer of all possessions to the Temple 60,000 perhaps Numbered at the time of Herod. after 70 CE Disappeared but theology survived PHARISEES “separated for Greek (from ones”) Evolution • • • • Beliefs Practices Fate