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Judaism: Pharisees, Scribes, Sadducees, Essenes, and Zealots Extremist Fighters Who Extremist Political Freedom Regarded Imperative

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Judaism: Pharisees, Scribes, Sadducees, Essenes, and Zealots Extremist Fighters Who Extremist Political Freedom Regarded Imperative Judaism: Pharisees,Scribes,Sadducees,Essenes,andZealots © InformationLtd. DiagramVisual PHARISEES SCRIBES SADDUCEES ESSENES ZEALOTS (from Greek for “separated (soferim in ancient Hebrew) (perhaps from Greek for (probably Greek from the (from Greek “zealous one”) ones”) “followers of Zadok,” Syriac “holy ones”) Solomon’s High Priest) Evolution Evolution Evolution Evolution Evolution • Brotherhoods devoted to • Copiers and interpreters • Conservative, wealthy, and • Breakaway desert monastic • Extremist fighters who the Torah and its strict of the Torah since before aristocratic party of the group, especially at regarded political freedom adherence from c150 BCE. the Exile of 586 BCE. status quo from c150 BCE. Qumran on the Dead Sea as a religious imperative. Became the people’s party, Linked to the Pharisees, Usually held the high from c130 BCE Underground resistance favored passive resistance but some were also priesthood and were the Lived communally, without movement, especially to Greco-Roman rule Sadducees and on the majority of the 71-member private property, as farmers strong in Galilee. The Sanhedrin Supreme Sanhedrin Supreme or craftsmen under a most fanatical became Council Council. Prepared to work Teacher of Righteousness sicarii, dagger-wielding with Rome and Herods and Council assassins Beliefs Beliefs Beliefs Beliefs Beliefs • Believed in Messianic • Defined work, etc, so as • Did not believe in • Priesthood, Temple • “No rule but the Law – redemption, resurrection, to keep the Sabbath. resurrection, free will, sacrifices, and calendar No King but God”. They free will, angels and Obedience to their written angels, and demons, or were all invalid. They expected a Messiah to demons, and oral code would win salvation oral interpretations of the expected the world’s early save their cause interpretations of the Torah – enjoy this life end and did not believe in Torah resurrection. Year’s probation for membership transmittal iscopyright protectedbythepublisher. Published byFactsOn File,Inc.Allelectronicstorage,reproduction, or Practices Practices Practices Practices Practices • Fasted twice a week and • Compiled the Mishnah • High Priests had a • Worshipped three times a • Led revolts against Rome washed ritually. record of oral law c200 CE monopoly on animals for day in strict order. Copied in 6, 42 and 66–73 CE but Observed seven hours of sacrifice and levied 10 Hebrew scriptures. Ritual were often divided among prayer and gave 10 percent percent tithe for upkeep of baths plus meal of wine and themselves of all possessions to the the Temple. Marriage and bread on Sabbath. Few Temple luxurious living were married, and women lived acceptable outside walls Fate Fate Fate Fate Fate • Numbered perhaps 60,000 • Only group to survive the • Did not survive the • Numbered about 4,000. • Last stand by 900 Zealots at the time of Herod. Jewish Revolt of 66–73 CE destruction of the Temple Qumran was destroyed at Masada 73 CE Disappeared after 70 CE 70 CE 68–70 CE but theology survived.
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