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Gatineau Park Chronicle English exposition being held there. Gréber had a solid reputation for his work in France Save the Hills! as well as in many U.S. cities. This meeting marked a turning point in the uring the Depression, farmers and local entrepreneurs had stepped up the felling of trees in the forests development of Canada’s Capital. D of the Gatineau. The Federal Woodlands Preservation League was established in 1934 as a means Gréber’s first task was to advise the of countering the widespread cutting of trees around Kingsmere, Meech and Mousseau lakes. Influential government on the planning and develop- citizens — such as Roderick Percy Sparks, Harry Baldwin, Charles Edmond Mortureux (president of the ment of Ottawa’s downtown area. When Ottawa Ski Club), Colonel J.T.C. Thompson, W.D. Herridge (future ambassador to the United States), the Second World War broke out, Gréber went home to France. However, just a few Lieutenant-Colonel Cameron Macpherson Edwards and Mackenzie King himself — called for action on the months after the end of the war, King part of the government. invited Gréber to return to Ottawa to undertake a comprehensive study for the planning and development of the National Capital Region. On March 8, 1946, the Canadian government established the National Capital Planning Committee, chaired by the Minister of Public Works, headed by the Federal District Commission and to A A which Jacques Gréber was the senior con - D D A A N N A A sultant. Tabled in 1950, the Gréber Plan, C C S S E E V V I I entitled General Report on the Plan for H H C C R R A A the National Capital , was the planning D D N N A A Y Y committee’s final report. Recognized as R R A A R R B B I I a key planning document in Canada’s L L The Right Honourable William Lyon Mackenzie King Roderick Percy Sparks history, the plan proposed a series of measures to create the “Washington of In October 1935, Mackenzie King was to go on with preserving some of the As was done in many other large public the North” that Sir Wilfrid Laurier had returned to power and got to work reviving Gatineau wood toward Meach [sic] works projects, King’s government envisioned for Canada’s Capital. The report his various projects, albeit on the rela - Lake for National Park purposes, etc. employed dozens of jobless workers also included general recommendations tively shaky foundations of the Depression He wanted to know what I wished to affected by the continuing depression to for the enlargement of Gatineau Park. years. Clearly, the volatile world situation have done. I told him that the matter work on establishing the first amenities in Although the Gréber Plan did not create and the continuing depression were his had stood over last year because of Gatineau Park. Trails, picnic areas, parking Gatineau Park, it integrated the Park into priorities, but the idea of a park had not my feeling that people might think lots, beaches and campgrounds were con - its plan for the improvement of the Capital. been forgotten. I was seeking to improve property structed by these impoverished citizens In just a few decades, the Park grew from around Kingsmere. I have come to who were happy to find paid work. King 6,475 hectares to its current area of In 1936, the Federal District Commission, the conclusion this year that I should cleverly used this initiative to sell his 36,100 hectares. in collaboration with the National not let possible misunderstanding of opponents on the idea of creating a park, Employment Commission, developed a my ownership at Kingsmere stand in situated around his own private estate, in In the personal acknowledgements section plan with the twin objectives of estab - the way of a much needed preservation the middle of an economic depression. of his report, Jacques Gréber presented an lishing a park in the Gatineau Hills while of the forest. I told him I wished them eloquent description of the role that King creating dozens of unskilled jobs to help to go ahead with the work, though Roderick Percy Sparks played in the planning of the Capital: reduce the chronic unemployment caused personally it meant less in the way of A relative of Nicholas Sparks, one of the We sincerely hope that the National by the Great Depression. seclusion for myself on the way to pioneers of Canada’s Capital, Roderick Capital plan will materialize, and, and from Kingsmere to have even the Percy Sparks was born in Ottawa in 1880. if in some measure, our contribution But why did it take two years before this Meach [sic] Lake district opened up Lawyer, businessman and lobbyist, Sparks brings closer to the Canadian people plan was implemented? It seems that the to tourists. I believe that we owe it to was known as a passionate supporter of the fulfilment of its aspirations, and election of Maurice Duplessis’ Union the Capital of Canada to save that nature conservation and a protector of the some reason for pride, their gratitude, nationale in the province of Quebec, on part of its environment. I think he Gatineau Hills. As a cottager and then as well as ours, ought to go first to the August 17, 1936, by an overwhelming will agree to the $100,000 being a resident of the Park territory, he was a great figures of Canadian history majority, was of great concern to King, appropriated for that purpose. figurehead for pressure groups arguing who foresaw the future destiny of this whose electoral base was in Quebec. for the creation of a park in the Gatineau Capital: [...] and the Right Honourable Duplessis, a Conservative, was one of the Hills. Vice-president of the Federal William L. Mackenzie King, who, main adversaries of the King Liberals. Woodlands Preservation League from with the broadest vision and fore - The plan for a park in the Gatineau Hills ) 1934 to 1937, Sparks became the League’s sight, initiated the present work and 8 2 - 0 was therefore delayed. Long, unproductive 2 president in 1937, a position he held until whose name will be associated in - 0 7 ( . negotiations continued for many months. T 1947. Then, from 1947 to 1954, he served perpetuity with the development of N O , A as chairman of the Advisory Committee the National Capital. W A T In 1937, Sparks, then the new president T on Gatineau Park. In this capacity, as It is thus quite evident that the former O , M U of the Federal Woodlands Preservation E part of the capital planning committee prime minister played an equally import- S U M League, proposed a detailed plan to I established by Mackenzie King and led ant role in the creation of Gatineau Park. K S N Prime Minister King for the creation of a A by the Federal District Commission, I D A N park in the hills. The plan was largely A he co-signed one of the first planning C based on the 1936 plan produced by the Mackenzie King at Camp Fortune documents for the Park. National Employment Commission. King, who had previously hesitated in the face As one of the initiators behind the Jacques Gréber, 1882–1962 of potential negative public opinion League’s creation and a supporter of its Son of a French sculptor, Jacques Gréber regarding the creation of a park around activities, King introduced a budget of studied architecture at the prestigious his own estate, decided to disregard $100,000 in June 1938 for the purchase École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. From 5 4 0 3 0 2 these hesitations and the concerns about of land. Chapter 54 of 2 George VI was 1908 to 1917, he was involved in several - A P , Duplessis and to take action. He worked passed on July 1, 1938 large projects and headed a number of A D A N A with his Finance Minister, Charles Avery to provide for acquisition of land and others, in the United States. C S E V Dunning, in December 1937. surveys in connection with the I H C R I had a short talk with Dunning, who National Parkway in the Gatineau In October 1936, during a trip to Paris, A D N A seemed pleased with his Toronto visit, Valley adjacent to Ottawa: $100,000. William Lyon Mackenzie King met Y R A R B Thus, on July 1 began the creation of Jacques Gréber, the architect and urban I and who spoke to me about the L Improvement Commission’s desire Gatineau Park. planner responsible for the world Jacques Gréber at Moorside Page 4 ~ The Gatineau Park Chronicle The Gatineau park chronicle Fall 2007 www.ncc-ccn.ca Text by Denis Messier, historian • Bibliography available upon request Cottagers in the Hills In the middle of the 19th century, several The Beginnings of a Park factors contributed to the rise of a continent-wide movement focused on a return to nature. Industrialization, rampant atineau Park covers an area of more than 36,100 hectares, situated between the Gatineau and urbanization and the unhealthiness of G Ottawa rivers. It is made up of more than 1,400 parcels of land acquired by the Canadian government the cities prompted people who had the over a period of almost 70 years. Today, for residents and visitors to the Capital region, Gatineau Park is a financial means to look for “a little piece vast expanse of rolling, green space on the horizon north of the city.
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