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CAA Doc 743 Civil Air Displays a Guide for Pilots
Safety Regulation Group Civil Air Displays a guide for pilots contents introduction Introduction Air displays are now one of the most popular The law spectator events in the United Kingdom. On average there are over 250 civil flying displays Guidance for display each year attracting in excess of two million pilots spectators. It is of the utmost importance in the interests of public and personal safety, that those Managing the risk who participate in such displays operate to the highest standards. These notes are intended to Planning your provide advice to display pilots to help them display avoid the pitfalls which have been experienced in the past. Practising for your display The air show Display day Post display © Andrew Critchell 1 the law The rules governing the conduct of civil air displays in the United Kingdom are given in the current Air Navigation Order, The Rules of the Air Regulations and comprehensively explained in CAP 403 – “Flying Displays and Special Events: A Guide to Safety and Administrative Arrangements”. guidance for display pilots Display flying, especially aerobatics, is a specialised form of flying that frequently involves flying the aircraft close to the edges of the permitted flight envelope. Regrettably, most years, a small number of pilots are killed whilst displaying. Many of these pilots were highly experienced and extremely competent in their particular aircraft and display. What can be done to minimise the risk? managing the risk personnel fitness There are a large number of factors which affect the outcome of a particular flight. Many of them are encountered well before the pilot gets anywhere near the aircraft. -
Unusual Attitudes and the Aerodynamics of Maneuvering Flight Author’S Note to Flightlab Students
Unusual Attitudes and the Aerodynamics of Maneuvering Flight Author’s Note to Flightlab Students The collection of documents assembled here, under the general title “Unusual Attitudes and the Aerodynamics of Maneuvering Flight,” covers a lot of ground. That’s because unusual-attitude training is the perfect occasion for aerodynamics training, and in turn depends on aerodynamics training for success. I don’t expect a pilot new to the subject to absorb everything here in one gulp. That’s not necessary; in fact, it would be beyond the call of duty for most—aspiring test pilots aside. But do give the contents a quick initial pass, if only to get the measure of what’s available and how it’s organized. Your flights will be more productive if you know where to go in the texts for additional background. Before we fly together, I suggest that you read the section called “Axes and Derivatives.” This will introduce you to the concept of the velocity vector and to the basic aircraft response modes. If you pick up a head of steam, go on to read “Two-Dimensional Aerodynamics.” This is mostly about how pressure patterns form over the surface of a wing during the generation of lift, and begins to suggest how changes in those patterns, visible to us through our wing tufts, affect control. If you catch any typos, or statements that you think are either unclear or simply preposterous, please let me know. Thanks. Bill Crawford ii Bill Crawford: WWW.FLIGHTLAB.NET Unusual Attitudes and the Aerodynamics of Maneuvering Flight © Flight Emergency & Advanced Maneuvers Training, Inc. -
Maneuvers and Flight Notes Copyright Flight Emergency & Advanced Maneuvers Training, Inc
Maneuvers and Flight Notes Copyright Flight Emergency & Advanced Maneuvers Training, Inc. dba Flightlab, 2009. All rights reserved. For Training Purposes Only General Briefing Anxiety!!! feelings of discomfort. Becoming sick does not help you adapt faster. If you’ve never flown aerobatics (or have had some bad experiences in the past), anxiety is Don’t fly aerobatics on an empty stomach. Eat! natural. Sometimes people are anxious about You look thin! Drink plenty of water, especially safety, sometimes about how well they’ll when the outside temperature is high. respond when the instructor places the aircraft in Dehydration reduces g tolerance. an upset condition. Anxiety disappears as you learn to control the aircraft. We won’t take you Research done with persons subject to motion by surprise (well, not immediately). We’ll teach sickness suggests what you’ve perhaps already you how to follow events so that surprises observed: People who report that they’ve become manageable. recovered from feelings of nausea can remain highly sensitized to vestibular disturbance for Even so, there may be times when you feel that hours afterwards. That’s why those airsick too much is happening too fast. That’s not passengers who announce with relief that they’re entirely bad: it shows that you’re pushing the now feeling much better often spontaneously re- boundaries of your previous training. As you erupt as you start to maneuver into the traffic gain practice you’ll find that the aircraft’s pattern. The temporary disappearance of motions become easier to follow and tracking the symptoms doesn’t necessarily mean the battle is horizon becomes less difficult. -
10-Hour Extra 300L Checkout Extra 300 Checkout & Training Program
APS Emergency Maneuver Training: 10-Hour Extra 300L Checkout Copyright © 2007. Aviation Performance Solutions LLC. All Rights Reserved. Extra 300 Checkout & Training Program Contents/Options • Inadvertent Aerobatic Entries and Recoveries • Emergency Spin Recovery Techniques APS Emergency Maneuver Training specializes in Extra 300 checkout programs and has over 10,000 hours of Extra 300 Aerobatic Training (Can include, at your request:) instructional flight hour experience. Courses can be custom • Rolls designed to meet your needs. The next few bullet points provide an o Aileron Roll outline of services available to you as a new or experienced Extra o Slow Roll owner. The first 5-hours of your training includes our entire 3-Day o Hesitation Roll 5-Mission Emergency Maneuver Training Course. Emergency o Snap Roll Maneuver Training provides the foundation of being a safe o Torque Roll aerobatic pilot and being competent to recover from any in-flight • Looping Maneuvers upset or inadvertent maneuver. The Qualification Course included o Inside here has proven to be a comprehensive program to get the typical o Outside non-aerobatic pilot safely into an Extra 300. Aerobatic pilots may o Constant Radius versus Constant Rate Loops wish to customize our courses to meet specific needs. Please call 1- • Other Basic Maneuvers 866-358-4273 or email [email protected] to discuss o Inverted Flight customized programs. o Cuban Eight o Reverse Cuban Eight Aircraft Operations o Vertical Lines • Aircraft Operating Techniques • Advanced Maneuvers • Aircraft -
EMT-1 Expanded Profile
APS Emergency Maneuver Training: 5-Hour Extra 300L Checkout Copyright © 2008. Aviation Performance Solutions LLC. All Rights Reserved. Extra 300 Checkout & Training Program Contents/Options • Inadvertent Aerobatic Entries and Recoveries • Emergency Spin Recovery Techniques APS Emergency Maneuver Training specializes in Extra 300 checkout programs and has over 12,000 hours of Extra 300 Aerobatic Training (Can include, at your request:) instructional flight hour experience. Courses can be custom • Rolls designed to meet your needs. The next few bullet points provide an o Aileron Roll outline of services available to you as a new or experienced Extra o Slow Roll owner. The first 5-hours of your training includes our entire 3-Day o Hesitation Roll 5-Mission Emergency Maneuver Training Course plus time o Snap Roll dedicated during each flight to rear-cockpit management and traffic o Torque Roll pattern work. The Qualification Course included here has proven to • Looping Maneuvers be a comprehensive program to get the typical tailwheel- o Inside experienced pilot safely into an Extra 300. Aerobatic pilots may o Outside wish to customize our courses to meet specific needs. Please call 1- o Constant Radius versus Constant Rate Loops 866-358-4273 or email [email protected] to discuss • Other Basic Maneuvers customized programs. o Inverted Flight o Cuban Eight Aircraft Operations o Reverse Cuban Eight • Aircraft Operating Techniques o Vertical Lines • Aircraft Systems • Advanced Maneuvers Safety Training and Emergency Maneuver Training o Tailslides -
Aerobatics: Sport, Science, and Survival
AEROBATICS: SPORT, SCIENCE, AND SURVIVAL OTHER TOPIC Aerobatics: Sport, Science, and Survival Peter F. Bythrow Since the inception of the airplane as a weapon of warfare, aerobatics has been inherent to the pursuit of aerial combat. The term itself conjures up the image of Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron of the “Flying Circus” squadron, in a Fokker triplane going head to head with Eddie Rickenbacker of the “Hat in the Ring” squadron in a Spad biplane. Partly because of this archaic image, aerobatics and aerobatic pilots are often viewed as daredevil and devil-may-care, when for the most part, nothing could be further from reality. The successfully completed aerobatic maneuver results from intellectual understanding, detailed planning, and hours of dedicated practice. It should not be confused with a bungee jump! This article aims to dispel some of the myths and preconceptions regarding aerobatic flight and the pilots who choose it as their sport. It will review in part the evolution of competitive sport flying as well as basic aerobatic maneuvers and their underlying physics. Aerobatic flight regulations and the application of aerobatic training to routine flight will also be addressed. (Keywords: Aerobatics, International Aerobatic Club, Physics of flight, Sport aviation.) INTRODUCTION Perhaps no other athletic endeavor is so demanding can profit from the safety and situational awareness of simultaneous cognitive processing and fine motor gained through aerobatic experience. The same holds skills in a physically grueling and mentally stressful for the airline pilot, whose primary responsibility is environment as the sport of aerobatics. Few other ath- passenger safety. -
Wayne Handley Aerosports, Inc. 20591 Chapparal Court Groveland, CA 95321 Office & Home Phone: 209-962-7868 Cellular Phone: 831-596-5820 Fax: 209-962-7836
Wayne Handley Aerosports, Inc. 20591 Chapparal Court Groveland, CA 95321 Office & Home Phone: 209-962-7868 Cellular Phone: 831-596-5820 Fax: 209-962-7836 [email protected] N301WH Extra 300L Class of Aircraft: Normal and Acrobatic Category Engine: Textron-Lycoming AEIO-540, 300 HP @ 2700 RPM Propeller: MT-Propeller 3-blade constant speed Aircraft Loading: 2 Place, +10G, -6G Airspeeds (IAS) Never Exceed Speed: VNE 220 knots Max. Structural Cruising Speed VNO 140 knots (Normal Cat.) Max. Structural Cruising Speed VNO 158 knots (Acro I, Acro II) Maneuvering Speed VA 140 (Normal Cat.) Maneuvering Speed VA 158 (Acro I, Acro II) Max Crosswind 15 knots (Takeoff & Landing) Maneuvers Recommended Remarks Entry Speeds Min KIAS Max KIAS Segment: Horizontal Line VS VNE o 45 climbing 80 VNE o 90 up 158 VNE o 45 diving VS VNE reduce throttle o 90 diving VS VNE reduce throttle 1/4 Loop climb 100 190 Looping 100 190 Stall Turn 100 190 Aileron Roll 80 158 full deflection Snap Roll 80 140 "Tail slide” 100 190 Spin VS Knife Edge >150 <10 sec Inverted Flight >VS 190 < 4 min Load Acrobatic Flight +10/-10g for 1 seat occupied Load Acrobatic Flight +8/-8g for 2 seats occupied Normal Flight +6/-3g Wayne Handley Aerosports, Inc. Objectives: To develop a feel for the Extra 300L. To push your personal flying envelope. To learn to feel, watch, and listen to the aircraft during unusual attitudes in order to bring the aircraft back to a stable state with a minimum loss of altitude. To always fly safely and have fun! Flight #1 Maneuvers Climb to a safe altitude. -
Maneuver Descriptions
RADIO CONTROL SCALE FLIGHT JUDGING GUIDE 4.2. Description of Mandatory Maneuvers Following is a list of the mandatory maneuvers that must be performed in the RC Sport Scale and Giant Scale events. 4.2.1. - Takeoff The model should remain still or near still (according to whether the prototype had brakes) on the runway with the engine running after release by contestant or a helper or after a taxi maneuver. The propeller will not stop before the takeoff run commences. Takeoff should be into the wind and should begin with a straight ground run followed by a gentle liftoff with a climb angle consistent with that of the prototype. Aircraft with conventional (tailwheel) gear might swing as the tail rises. Such swing must be corrected promptly with no loss of points. Takeoff is completed when the model is approximately 10 feet from the ground. For maximum points, the model should use any scale operation that was required by the prototype to perform its normal takeoff. Retractable gear, if equipped, commences as soon as positive rate of climb is established. ©FAI 2019 Errors: • Pilot or helper holds model after advancing the throttle to takeoff power. • Electric powered propeller stops before takeoff run commences. • Model swings on takeoff run (a slight swing should not be the cause of loss of points on light aircraft types with conventional (tail wheel) gear if it is corrected promptly). • Model becomes airborne too soon. • Takeoff run is too long. • Model jumps off ground. • Model climbs too steeply after takeoff. • Model drops a wing badly during takeoff (should not be confused with aileron correction for crosswind). -
Like a •Smooth AP Roll •Miracle in New Jersey •Strengthening IAC Pilot OFFICIAL MAGAZINE of the INTERNATIONAL AEROBATIC CLUB
August 2012 Live Like a •Smooth AP Roll •Miracle in New Jersey •Strengthening IAC Pilot OFFICIAL MAGAZINE of the INTERNATIONAL AEROBATIC CLUB OFFICIAL MAGAZINE of the INTERNATIONAL AEROBATIC CLUB OFFICIAL MAGAZINE of the INTERNATIONAL AEROBATIC CLUB Vol. 41 No. 8 August 2012 A PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL AEROBATIC CLUB CONTENTSOFFICIAL MAGAZINE of the INTERNATIONAL AEROBATIC CLUB “The ad said ‘as-is where-is’ and gave a price. I told my dad I’d found my plane and asked him to call the guy.” –Jason Flood FEATURES The New 2013 F-150 5 The ‘Bob Hoover-Smooth’ Aileron/Primary Roll by Gordon Penner 10 Tales of Barnstorming by Scott Westover 14 A Miracle in New Jersey by Reggie Paulk with Jason Flood 22 Strengthening the IAC, One Chapter at a Time by Darren Pleasance 26 Power Achievement Awards 1st Quarter 2012 by Lorrie Penner COLUMNS COURTESY JASON FLOOD 03 / President’s Page America’s Favorite Pickup The Privilege of Partnership 28 / Ask Allen America’s best-selling truck for 35 straight years flexes its muscles and shows EAA members are eligible for special pricing on Ford Motor Company THE COVER off its class-leading capabilities that make it the leader of the pack. Whether vehicles through Ford’s Partner Recognition Program. To learn more you seek best-in-class towing, best-in-class payload, best-in-class fuel on this exclusive opportunity for EAA members to save on a new Ford Jason Flood’s story of love economy, or industry exclusive technology and benefits, the F-150 delivers vehicle, please visit www.eaa.org/ford. -
Fighter Combat-Tactics and Maneuvering.Pdf
Fighter Combat TACTICS AND MANEUVERING By Robert L. Shaw Naval Institute Press Annapolis, Maryland Copyright © 1985 by the United States Naval Institute Annapolis, Maryland Fifth printing with corrections, 1987 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shaw, Robert L., 1947- Fighter combat. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Fighter plane combat. I. Title. UG700.S5 1985 358.4' 142 85-21452 ISBN 0-87021-059-9 Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xv Abbreviations xvii 1 Fighter Weapons Air-to-Air Guns 1 Guided Missiles 31 Notes 61 2 Basic Fighter Maneuvers 62 Pursuit Curves 62 Lag Displacement Rolls 67 High Yo-Yo 71 Low Yo-Yo 73 Lead Turn 74 Nose-to-Nose and Nose-to-Tail Turns 77 Flat Scissors 82 Vertical and Oblique Turns 86 Rolling Scissors 89 Defensive Spiral 93 Notes 97 3 One-versus-One Maneuvering, Similar Aircraft 98 Guns Only 99 Rear-Quarter Missiles Only 113 All-Aspect Missiles Only 121 Multiple-Weapons Scenarios 127 Dissimilar Weapons 128 VI CONTENTS Defensive Maneuvering 130 Summary 138 Notes 138 4 One-versus-One Maneuvering, Dissimilar Aircraft 139 Low Wing Loading versus High Thrust-to-Weight 141 Single-Dissimilarity Engagements 178 Double-Superior and Double-Inferior Conditions 182 V/STOL and Helicopter Tactical Considerations 185 Notes 194 5 Section Tactics, Two-versus-One 195 Background 195 Fighting Wing 196 Double Attack 200 Loose Deuce 214 One-versus-Two Maneuvering -
Common Aerobatic Figures - Definitions (USA) and Aresti Symbols
Common Aerobatic Figures - Definitions (USA) and Aresti Symbols Below is a list of aerobatic figures and the symbols used to represent them. Each figure starts at the small solid circle and ends at the vertical bar. All aerobatic figures start and end from horizontal lines in either upright or inverted flight. Solid lines describe upright flight, and dashed lines describe inverted flight. Normal Flight Inverted Flight The elements used in these figures are horizontal, vertical and 45° lines. These describe straight flight in these directions. Parts of loops connect these line segments. Rolls in 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, etc. increments up to 2 rotations can be added to the lines. The looping portions in almost all figures have to have the same radius in all parts of a figure. For instance the quarter loops going into and coming out of a hammerhead have to have the same radius. There are some figures where this does not apply completely. Rolls on vertical lines and on 45° lines have to be centered on this line to score well. Any deviation from the center results in a downgrading during a competition. The K-values included with the competition figures give an indication of the difficulty of each of these maneuvers. Higher K-values mean more difficult maneuvers. Each figure is assigned a score from 0 to 10, which is then multiplied by the K factor. Rolls There are four basic types of rolls: Aileron Roll, Barrel Roll, Slow Roll, and Snap Roll. The aileron and barrel rolls are not flown in aerobatic competitions. -
Safety at Flying Displays and Events: a Guide for Pilots
EGAST Component of ESSI European General Aviation Safety Team SAFETY AT FLYING DISPLAYS AND EVENTS: A GUIDE FOR PILOTS FOR GENERAL AVIATION PILOTS SAFETY PROMOTION LEAFLET GA 11 2 >> EGAST: Safety at Flying Displays and Events, A Guide for Pilots EGAST: Safety at Flying Displays and Events, A Guide for Pilots >> 3 CONTENT Introduction 4 Managing the Risk 5 Planning your display 7 Practising for your display 15 Preparing for your display 18 The airshow 20 Display day 21 Post display 27 4 >> EGAST: Safety at Flying Displays and Events, A Guide for Pilots Introduction Flying displays are some of the most popular spectator events in Europe. It is estimated that flying displays and similar events attract over 10 million spectators each year. It is of the utmost importance in the interests of public and personal safety, that those who participate in such displays operate to the highest standards. These notes are intended to provide advice to display pilots to help them avoid unfortunate mishaps that have been experienced in the past. The law Flight operations for an aviation event are governed by EU safety rules, with some exceptions for historical or military aircraft, which might be excluded from EU safety rules. These rules will apply in most EU Member States by April 2017. Until then national rules apply. In addition, the rules governing how to organise a civil flying display event vary depending on the country of the event and are subject to national rules. There are no European-wide rules on organising a flying display event. Guidance for display pilots All flying for displays or events, especially aerobatics, is a specialised form of aviation that frequently involves flying the aircraft close to the edges of the permitted flight envelope.