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PARVA NATURALIA PALEONTOLOGIA GEOLOGIA BOTANICA ZOOLOGIA STORIA E FILOSOFIA DELLA SCIENZA 2007 - 2009 VOLUME 8

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PARVA NATURALIA PALEONTOLOGIA � GEOLOGIA � BOTANICA � ZOOLOGIA � STORIA E FILOSOFIA DELLA SCIENZA 2007 - 2009 VOLUME 8 PARVA NATURALIA PALEONTOLOGIA GEOLOGIA BOTANICA ZOOLOGIA STORIA e FILOSOFIA DELLA SCIENZA 2007 - 2009 VOLUME 8 Memorie del Coordinamento dei Musei scientifici della provincia di Piacenza Con il patrocinio di: Comune di Piacenza Amministrazione Provinciale di Piacenza Comune di Castell’Arquato Società Piacentina di Scienze Naturali Regione Emilia Romagna Istituto per i Beni Artistici, Culturali e Naturali Museo di Scienze - Collegio Alberoni Piacenza Comitato Scientifico: Alessandro Alessandrini - Istituto per i Beni Artistici, Culturali e Naturali, Bologna Pascal Barrier - Istituto Geologico “A. De Lapparent”, Parigi Maria Bernabò Brea - Soprintendenza Archeologica Emilia Romagna, Parma Piero Cravedi - Istituto di Entomologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza Alessandro Garassino - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano Vittoria Gregori Cocconcelli - Società Piacentina di Scienze Naturali, Piacenza Marco Valle - Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali “E. Caffi”, Bergamo Coordinatore editoriale: Giacomo Bracchi Direttore responsabile: Carlo Francou Autorizzazione del Tribunale di Piacenza N. 559 del 2 Aprile 2001 ISSN 1723-3836 FINITO DI STAMPARE NEL MESE DI SETTEMBRE 2009 DA TIPOLITO FARNESE - PIACENZA In copertina: “Po”, acquaforte su zinco di Roberto Tonelli PARVA NATURALIA 2007-2009 - Volume 8: 3-42 BRACHIOPODI NEOGENICI E PLEISTOCENICI DELL’EMILIA (Parte seconda) LUCA BERTOLASO* - ENRICO BORGHI* - DIEGO GARCÍA RAMOS** *Società Reggiana di Scienze Naturali, Via Tosti 1, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italia, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] **Asociación Cultural Paleontológica Murciana, Instituto Severo Ochoa, Camino Tiñosa, 50 Los Garres, Murcia, Spain, e-mail: [email protected] Riassunto - Questa seconda parte dello studio sui brachiopodi dell’Emilia è dedicata all’esame di alcune delle specie meno comuni che è possibile raccogliere in questa regione. In particola- re, viene discussa la validità tassonomica di Joania dertomutinensis (Sacco, 1902) e completa- ta la sua descrizione con i caratteri della valva dorsale. Il genere Discinisca Dall, 1871 è ricono- sciuto per la prima volta nell’area mediterranea. Vengono descritti alcuni brachiopodi raccolti nel Langhiano di San Michele (Modena) e riferibili al genere Sphenarina Cooper, 1959. Viene infi- ne approfondita la descrizione di Gryphus rovasendianus (Seguenza, 1866) e chiarito il suo campo di variabilità morfologica. Parole chiave - Brachiopodi, Neogene-Pleistocene, Emilia-Romagna. Abstract - Neogene and Pleistocene Brachiopods of Emilia (second part). This second part of the study on the brachiopods from Emilia (Northern Italy) deals with the less common species which may be collected from this region. The genus Discinisca Dall, 1871 is herein recorded for the first time from the Mediterranean area, based on Pliocene specimens collected from the upper bathyal clays of Quattro Castella (Reggio Emilia). A few specimens attributable to Sphenarina Cooper, 1959 are described from the Middle Miocene (Langhian) of San Michele (Modena). The morphological description of Gryphus rovasendianus (Seguenza, 1866) has been improved after the study of Miocene (Langhian) specimens from Emilia. Fossil material from the Serravallian of Varzi (Lombardy) and a few specimens studied by Seguenza (1866) and Sacco (1902), still present in the Regional Museum of Torino, were utilised for comparison. Fourteen specimens belonging to Joania ? der- tomutinensis (Sacco, 1902) from the type-locality of Montegibbio (Modena) are illustrated and described. The holotype and four dorsal valves were examined at the Palaeontology Museum of Modena and Reggio Emilia University. The morphological description of this taxon has been com- pleted, since the dorsal valve was not yet known. The validity of this species is confirmed, based on a comparison with similar taxa belonging to the Megathirididae. Key words - Brachiopods, Neogene-Pleistocene, Emilia-Romagna. 3 Introduzione La prima parte di questo studio sui brachiopodi (Borghi, 2001) prendeva in considera- zione le specie più comuni e meglio conosciute. In questa seconda parte vengono invece illustrate e discusse alcune delle specie più rare o di incerta interpretazione. In partico- lare, l’indagine sugli esemplari provenienti dalla Formazione di Pantano (Langhiano), ha comportato un lavoro di confronto e di ricerca bibliografica piuttosto impegnativo. Una delle difficoltà maggiori è costituita dalla incompleta conoscenza dei caratteri interni di gran parte dei brachiopodi del Miocene dell’Italia settentrionale studiati da: Michelotti (1839), Doderlein (1862), Seguenza (1866), Davidson (1870), Mazzetti (1872), Cocconi (1873), Coppi (1881), Pantanelli & Mazzetti (1887), Foresti (1893), Sacco (1902), Moreschi (1930) e Boni (1933, 1934). Dal momento che molti dei tipi sono andati perduti nel corso del tempo, ne consegue che le specie mioceniche descritte da questi studiosi risultano spesso di difficile interpretazione. Tuttavia, in alcuni casi, gli esemplari disponibili hanno permesso di chiarire i dubbi sistematici e di ampliare la distribuzione geografica e cronologica delle specie. I taxa trattati in questa seconda parte sono: Lingula sp. Miocene (Messiniano) Discinisca sp. Pliocene (Piacenziano) Ancistrocrania abnormis (Defrance, 1828) Miocene (Tortoniano), Pliocene Novocrania anomala (Müller, 1776) Pleistocene inferiore Streptaria debuchii (Michelotti, 1839) Miocene (Langhiano-Serravalliano) Sphenarina cf. sicula (Davidson, 1870) Miocene (Langhiano) Gryphus rovasendianus (Seguenza, 1866) Miocene (Langhiano) Joania cordata (Risso, 1826) Miocene (Messiniano) Joania dertomutinensis (Sacco, 1902) Miocene (Tortoniano) Megerlia eusticta (Philippi, 1836) Pliocene (Piacenziano) Megerlia truncata (Linnaeus, 1767) Miocene (Langhiano) Alcune specie trattate nella prima parte del lavoro sono state riprese per evidenziare nuove particolarità. Occorre considerare che i popolamenti a brachiopodi sono spesso caratterizzati dalla concentrazione di numerosi individui in affioramenti di modesta estensione. Ne consegue da una parte la scarsa probabilità di individuare nuovi affiora- menti utili, dall’altra la possibilità di acquisire in breve tempo numerosi esemplari appar- tenenti a specie non ancora segnalate nell’area oggetto dello studio. Materiali e metodi Oltre al materiale inedito proveniente da località dell’Emilia reso disponibile dagli auto- ri e da collezionisti privati, sono stati esaminati gli esemplari custoditi presso il Museo 4 dell’Istituto di Paleontologia e dell’Orto Botanico dell’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia (IPUM), il Museo Geologico di Castell’Arquato (MG) e il Museo Civico di Salsomaggiore (MS). Materiale di confronto, proveniente soprattutto dal Miocene del Piemonte, è stato visio- nato presso il Museo Regionale di Storia Naturale di Torino, che conserva i brachiopodi della collezione Bellardi e Sacco (BS), presso il Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Voghera (MV), che dispone di numerosi esemplari raccolti nel Serravalliano della zona di Varzi (Pavia) e presso il Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Alba (MA), dove sono custoditi alcuni brachiopodi del Monferrato. Il materiale fossile raccolto dagli autori verrà consegnato a raccolte pubbliche al termi- ne dello studio, che non si può ancora considerare concluso. Nella futura terza e conclu- siva parte di questo lavoro verranno forniti maggiori dettagli sulla collocazione finale di questo materiale. L’indagine mediante microfotografia S.E.M. di Discinisca è stata effettuata presso il Department of Geographical & Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, utilizzando la tecni- ca sottovuoto, con gli esemplari non ricoperti da patine metalliche. Nei casi in cui la consistenza del sedimento non consentiva l’esame diretto dei caratteri interni delle conchiglie, si è proceduto ad effettuare serie di sezioni sottili progressive. Le abbreviazioni utilizzate nel testo sono: L = lunghezza della conchiglia (shell length); La = larghezza della conchiglia (shell width); S = spessore della conchiglia (thickness). Descrizione e discussione delle specie Phylum Brachiopoda Dumeril, 1805 Subphylum Linguliformea Williams, Carlson, Brunton, Holmer & Popov, 1996 Classe Lingulata Gorjansky & Popov, 1985 Ordine Lingulida Waagen, 1885 Superfamiglia Linguoloidea Menke, 1828 Famiglia Lingulidae Menke, 1828 Genere Lingula Bruguière, 1797 Lingula sp. L’unica segnalazione per l’Emilia è quella riportata da Miculan (1992) nello studio della ostracofauna di un affioramento presso Vigoleno (Piacenza), attribuito dall’autore al Messiniano. Discussione: non essendo possibile verificare i caratteri interni della conchiglia, l’attri- buzione generica è solo probabile (Miculan P., comunicaz. pers., 06/2007): infatti Lingula differisce da Glottidia Dall, 1870 per la mancanza di setti interni nella valva 5 peduncolare. La presenza di questo genere sembra essere avvalorata dalla distribuzione degli ecosistemi a mangrovie nel Miocene superiore, in particolare del genere Avicennia Linnaeus, 1753 (Plaziat et. al., 2001). Anche la collocazione geografica sembra più favo- revole ad una attribuzione a Lingula; infatti in Europa Glottidia dumortieri (Nyst, 1843) è nota nel Neogene di Gran Bretagna e Belgio (Davidson, 1852, 1874), mentre Lingula è citata in molte località della Paratetide (Barczyk & Popiel-Barczyk, 1977; Popiel- Barczyk & Barczyk, 1990; Emig & Bitner, 2005) e della Francia (Emig et al., 2007). Altre località di ritrovamento: la segnalazione di Lingula cf. dregeri Andreae, 1893 in Sardegna da parte di Dreger
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