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Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796
Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796 By Thomas Lucius Lowish A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Victoria Frede-Montemayor, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor Kinch Hoekstra Spring 2021 Abstract Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796 by Thomas Lucius Lowish Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Victoria Frede-Montemayor, Chair Historians of Russian monarchy have avoided the concept of sovereignty, choosing instead to describe how monarchs sought power, authority, or legitimacy. This dissertation, which centers on Catherine the Great, the empress of Russia between 1762 and 1796, takes on the concept of sovereignty as the exercise of supreme and untrammeled power, considered legitimate, and shows why sovereignty was itself the major desideratum. Sovereignty expressed parity with Western rulers, but it would allow Russian monarchs to bring order to their vast domain and to meaningfully govern the lives of their multitudinous subjects. This dissertation argues that Catherine the Great was a crucial figure in this process. Perceiving the confusion and disorder in how her predecessors exercised power, she recognized that sovereignty required both strong and consistent procedures as well as substantial collaboration with the broadest possible number of stakeholders. This was a modern conception of sovereignty, designed to regulate the swelling mechanisms of the Russian state. Catherine established her system through careful management of both her own activities and the institutions and servitors that she saw as integral to the system. -
St. Petersburg Case Study
250 i\R(HITE<TLIKE: MATERIAL AND IMAGINED Re-forming Architecture and Planning through Urban Design: St. Petersburg Case Study MATTHEW J. BELL University of Maryland INTRODUCTION the city. The program was also designed to appeal to upper- level graduate architecture and planning students and to Political changes in the former Soviet Union have had a sornehow synthesize the traditional concerns of each of those concurrent effect upon the physical landscape of the cities of disciplines: the physical fonn of the city in the case of the that country. Some cities have seen the invasion, for lack of architects; and the problems and in a sense 'fonn' of the city a better way to describe conditions, of capitalism and the from a social and econolnic view in the case of the planning subsequent frenzy of speculative building activity in the st~dents.~ fonn of new office buildings and the explosion of retail centers. Most of this building activity has been confined to HISTORY OF THE SITE Moscow which, because of differences in regional laws and statutes, has been the most aggressive place in seeking new St. Petersburg was founded on the banks of the Neva River development. by Peter the Great in 1703 on one of the most unlikely of In contrast to the exploding development scene in Mos- places, a low lying, swampy area, many miles north of the cow, the czarist capital of St. Petersburg has seen relatively centers of Russian population. Peter established the city in little new construction and a dearth of almost any building order to counter the claims of the Swedish crown to the Gulf activity in its central district. -
Passport of St. Petersburg Industrial Zones
The Committee for industrial policy and innovation of St. Petersburg Passport of St. Petersburg industrial zones 3-d edition 2015 Contents 1. Preamble..................................................................................................................................................................2 2. Industrial zones of St. Petersburg............................................................................................................................8 2.1. Area of industrial zones...................................................................................................................................9 2.2. Branch specialization of industrial zones according to town-planning regulations of industrial zones..............9 2.3. The Master plan of Saint-Petersburg (a scheme of a functional zoning of St. Petersburg)..............................................................................................10 2.4. The Rules of land use and building of St. Petersburg (a scheme of a territorial zoning of St. Petersburg).............................................................................................12 2.5. Extent of development of territories of industrial zones and the carried-out projects of engineering training of territories of industrial zones............................................................................................................................13 2.6. Documentation of planning areas of the industrial zones........................................................................13 -
Olympic Flame in St. Petersburg Monday, 21 October 2013 19:35
Olympic Flame in St. Petersburg Monday, 21 October 2013 19:35 {joomplu:2610 left} Olympic Flame in St. Petersburg The Olympic flame will visit 125 cities in Russia, 14,000 athletes and 30,000 volunteers will take part in the relay. The torch will travel 65,000 kilometers, and will visit Lake Baikal under the night sky. The Olympic torch journey will end at the opening of the Winter Olympics in Sochi on February 7th, 2014 at the Fisht stadium. In the end of October, St. Petersburg will welcome the Olympic flame. We will explain to you the details and route the flame will take in St. Petersburg, so you can have the unique experience of seeing it in person. The Olympic flame will visit several areas of the city and will begin its journey from Victory Square (Ploshad Pobedy) and finish at Palace Square . In total, the city government will spend more than 36 million rubles for this celebration. Petersburg will be 33rd city which will hold the Olympic torch relay. The flame is a symbol of the Olympics and, will arrive in the northern capital on October 26th after a visit to Gatchina. St. Petersburg will turn into a big sport and music festival. The relay will start on Moskovsky Prospect to the Fontanka River. Next, the Olympic flame will go along the following path: Goroxovaya - Malaya Morskaya - St. Isaac's Square. Then go to Dekabristov – English embankment (Angliyskaya naberezhnaya) – Blagoveshensky Bridge- Lieutenant Schmidt Embankment - 18 and 19 line of Vasileostrovksaya – Bolshoi Prospect. 6th and 7th lines of Vasileostrovskaya - University Embankment – Strelka on Vasileostrovskaya - 1 / 3 Olympic Flame in St. -
St Petersburg 8
Plan Your Trip 12 ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd St Petersburg “All you’ve got to do is decide to go and the hardest part is over. So go!” TONY WHEELER, COFOUNDER – LONELY PLANET Regis St Louis, Simon Richmond Contents PlanPlan Your Your Trip Trip page 1 4 Welcome to Top Itineraries ���������������20 Travelling to Moscow ����36 St Petersburg ������������������ 4 If You Like� ����������������������22 Museums St Petersburg’s Month by Month ������������24 & Galleries �������������������37 Top 10 ������������������������������� 6 With Kids ������������������������26 Eating ���������������������������39 What’s New �������������������� 13 Money-Saving Tips �������28 Drinking Need to Know �����������������14 & Nightlife ������������������ 43 Visas �������������������������������29 First Time Entertainment ������������ 46 St Petersburg �����������������16 Tours & Activities �����������31 Shopping ��������������������� 48 Getting Around �������������� 18 Visiting on a Cruise �������34 Explore St Petersburg 50 Historic Heart ����������������54 Vasilyevsky Island ������� 143 Day Trips from Sennaya & Kolomna ���104 Petrograd & St Petersburg ������������ 173 Vyborg Sides ��������������� 154 Smolny & Sleeping ���������������������186 Vosstaniya ��������������������121 Understand St Petersburg 197 St Petersburg History ������������������������� 200 Arts �������������������������������226 Today ���������������������������� 198 Architecture ����������������� 219 Literature ���������������������236 Survival Guide 241 Transport ���������������������242 -
Warsaw in Short
WarsaW TourisT informaTion ph. (+48 22) 94 31, 474 11 42 Tourist information offices: Museums royal route 39 Krakowskie PrzedmieÊcie Street Warsaw Central railway station Shops 54 Jerozolimskie Avenue – Main Hall Warsaw frederic Chopin airport Events 1 ˚wirki i Wigury Street – Arrival Hall Terminal 2 old Town market square Hotels 19, 21/21a Old Town Market Square (opening previewed for the second half of 2008) Praga District Restaurants 30 Okrzei Street Warsaw Editor: Tourist Routes Warsaw Tourist Office Translation: English Language Consultancy Zygmunt Nowak-Soliƒski Practical Information Cartographic Design: Tomasz Nowacki, Warsaw Uniwersity Cartographic Cathedral Photos: archives of Warsaw Tourist Office, Promotion Department of the City of Warsaw, Warsaw museums, W. Hansen, W. Kryƒski, A. Ksià˝ek, K. Naperty, W. Panów, Z. Panów, A. Witkowska, A. Czarnecka, P. Czernecki, P. Dudek, E. Gampel, P. Jab∏oƒski, K. Janiak, Warsaw A. Karpowicz, P. Multan, B. Skierkowski, P. Szaniawski Edition XVI, Warszawa, August 2008 Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport Free copy 1. ˚wirki i Wigury St., 00-906 Warszawa Airport Information, ph. (+48 22) 650 42 20 isBn: 83-89403-03-X www.lotnisko-chopina.pl, www.chopin-airport.pl Contents TourisT informaTion 2 PraCTiCal informaTion 4 fall in love wiTh warsaw 18 warsaw’s hisTory 21 rouTe no 1: 24 The Royal Route: Krakowskie PrzedmieÊcie Street – Nowy Âwiat Street – Royal ¸azienki modern warsaw 65 Park-Palace Complex – Wilanów Park-Palace Complex warsaw neighborhood 66 rouTe no 2: 36 CulTural AttraCTions 74 The Old -
Representations of Antique Arms and Armour in the Architectural Decor of St. Petersburg
HISTORIA I ŚWIAT, nr 6 (2017) ISSN 2299 - 2464 Sergey NIKONENKO (Saint Petersburg State University, Russia) Representations Of Antique Arms and Armour in the Architectural decor of St. Petersburg Keywords: Architectural décor, Helmets, Armour, Saint Petersburg, Classicism Saint Petersburg has been the capital of Russian empire in 1703 – 1917. It is one of the most beautiful cities all over the world with majestic architectural ensembles. This article is devoted to the representations of antique arms in St.Petersburg’s architectural décor. I want to add that this décor has not been studied completely. But I think that it is very useful to look at St.Petersburg’s military architectural décor as the kind of retrospective and academic style in new European arts. There are two historical periods in St.Petersburg’s architecture when architects and sculptors used ancient military décor. First of them is Classicism style (1770-1840). This is the time of constructing the main architectural ensembles and squares in the centre of St.Petersburg in so called “empire style”. Second of them is New Classicism style (1904-1916). It was the time of private buildings, especially of banks and dwelling houses. This article has two parts. In First part I propose the typology of buildings and architectural décor. Then I give the full list of St.Petersburg’s buildings with ancient military décor (compiled and published for the first time). In Second Part I will try to comment some main examples of ancient military décor. I. There are several kinds of images in ancient military décor: - Gods (Athena, Ares, Apollo, Hermes) - Heroes (Achilles, Ajax, etc.) - Emperors (Alexander the Great, Caesar, etc.) - Simple soldiers and horsemen. -
Paper to the Early Plans of Petersburg
Building space and myth at the edge of empire: Space Syntax analysis of St. Petersburg, 1703-19131 2 Kenneth J. Knoespel 17 Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Abstract: Keywords The foundation of St Petersburg in 1703 involves a tension between Scandinavian Constructing the “view” 17.1 of St. Petersburg, and Slavic identity. By reviewing grid maps over a period of time, it is possible to phenomenolog of men- create connections of authorial structures and show how they not only come into tal space, Space Syn- tension with mythologies being associated with the city but how they also continue tax and the Tartu School, narrative to generate a mythos for the city. Drawing on space syntax analysis of five stage of space, Dostoevsky and the evolution of the city, I show how the ongoing building of the city cannot be urban development separated from the construction of an evolving mental model of the city. The mythic [email protected] associations attributed to the city at her foundation stand in stark contrast to the ongoing problems of not only creating an idealized plan but in building a city that was rapidly becoming the major architectural and civil engineering project taking place in the north Introduction Approaches to the imperial city founded by Peter the Great on the Gulf of Finland in 1703 have often split the study of the urban plan between the highly developed mythos associated with the city and its actual construction. The repeated reference to the psychological force of the city so evident in work by Pushkin, Gogal, Dostoevsky, to mention only a few, stand in harsh contrast to the technical accounts of canal and bridge building, the city’s extension toward the Gulf of Finland, the building of the world’s deepest metro system, the industrialization of the city during the Soviet period, and the rebuilding of the city after its destruction in the Second World War. -
List of Foreign Banks and Bankers
LIST OF FOREIGN BANKS AND BANKERS In the Principal Towns and Cities of the World except the United States, Canada, Cuba, Philippine Islands, Porto Rico, Hawaii, and Mexico. AFRICA. (AFRICA Continued) ALGERIA. Queenstown...................African Banking Corporation, Limited. Algiers. , Bank de 1’Algerie. BANK OF AFRICA, LIMITED. Compagnie Algerienne. Standard Bank of South Africa, Limited. Thomas Cook & Son. Richmond.......................Standard Bank of South Africa, Limited. Credit Foncier & Agricole d’Algerie. BANK OF AFRICA, LIMITED. Credit Lyonnais. Bone................. Banque de L’Algerie. Salt River.........................BANK OF AFRICA, LIMITED. Compagnie Algerienne. Stutterheim......................BANK OF AFRICA, LIMITED. Credit Foncier et Agricole d’Algerie. Sydney...............................BANK OF AFRICA, LIMITED. Credit Lyonnais. Bougie.............. Worcester..........................African Banking Corporation. Banque de L’Algerie. Nat’l Bank of So. Africa, Limited Compagnie Algerienne. Standard Bank of South Africa, Limited. Credit Foncier <;t Agricole d’Algerie. Constantine. .. Banque de 1’Algerie. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. Compagnie Algerienne. (South Africa.) Credit Foncier et Agricole d’Algerie. Credit Lyonnais. Vryburg...........................BANK OF AFRICA, LIMITED. Oran.................. .Banque de L’Algerie. Standard Bank of South Africa, Limited. Compagnie Algerienne. EAST AFRICA. Credit Foncier et Agricole d’Algerie. Credit Lyonnais. Beira................................ BANK OF AFRICA, LIMITED. ^hilippeville .. .Banque de 1’Algerie. Standard Bank of South Africa, Limited. Credit Foncier & Agricole d’Algerie. Delagoa Bay.................BANK OF AFRICA, LIMITED. Credit Lyonnais. Lourenco Marques . African Banking Corporation, Limited. Setif................ .Banque de 1’Algerie. Banco Nacional Ultramarino. Compagnie Algerienne. BANK OF AFRICA, LIMITED. Credit Foncier et Agricole d’Algerie. Sfax............ National Bank of So. Africa, Limited. Banque de Tunis. Standard Bank of South Africa, Limited. Banque de L’Algerie. -
2 Booklet 5 Day.Indd
I love you, Peter’s great creation, Saint Petersburg is one of the most beautiful cities in I love your view of stern and grace, The Neva wave’s regal procession, the world, the cultural capital of Russia, the nation’s im- The grayish granite – her bank’s dress, portant business and academic centre. The airy iron-casting fences, The gentle transparent twilight, The city was founded by Peter I on the 16th (27th) of The moonless gleam of your nights May, 1703 as an outpost on the Neva’s banks. For a restless, long time Saint Petersburg remained the capital of the When I so easy read and write Without a lamp in my room lone, Russian Empire. From the moment of its foundation to And seen is each huge buildings’ stone this day the city has remained the centre of culture and Of the left streets, and is so bright The Admiralty spire’s fl ight… art. Famous architects of that time participated in con- struction and creation of the architectural image of Saint A. S. Pushkin, a fragment from the poem Petersburg. Among them were: George Mattarnovi, “The Bronze Horseman” Jean-Baptiste Le Blond, Domenico Trezzini, and Giaco- mo Quarenghi. In the course of its existence, the city changed its name three times. At the beginning of the World War I (1914) it became Petrograd. In 1924 it was renamed Leningrad in honor of V. I. Lenin at the workers’ initia- tive. In 1991 the historical name of Saint Petersburg was given back to the city. Saint Petersburg is often called Venice of the North, as it is located on the islands of the Neva River estuary, and the rivers and canals, the number of which amounts to over 90, give it a special charm in any time of the year. -
Valuation Report PO-17/2015
Valuation Report PO-17/2015 A portfolio of real estate assets in St. Petersburg and Leningradskaya Oblast', Moscow and Moskovskaya Oblast’, Yekaterinburg, Russia Prepared on behalf of LSR Group OJSC Date of issue: March 17, 2016 Contact details LSR Group OJSC, 15-H, liter Ǩ, Kazanskaya St, St Petersburg, 190031, Russia Ludmila Fradina, Tel. +7 812 3856105, [email protected] Knight Frank Saint-Petersburg ZAO, Liter A, 3B Mayakovskogo St., St Petersburg, 191025, Russia Svetlana Shalaeva, Tel. +7 812 3632222, [email protected] Valuation report Ň A portfolio of real estate assets in St. Petersburg and Leningradskaya Oblast', Moscow and Moskovskaya Oblast’, Yekaterinburg, Russia Ň KF Ref: PO-17/2015 Ň Prepared on behalf of LSR Group OJSC Ň Date of issue: March 17, 2016 Page 1 Executive summary The executive summary below is to be used in conjunction with the valuation report to which it forms part and, is subject to the assumptions, caveats and bases of valuation stated herein. It should not be read in isolation. Location The Properties within the Portfolio of real estate assets to be valued are located in St. Petersburg and Leningradskaya Oblast', Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Russia Description The Subject Property is represented by vacant, partly or completely developed land plots intended for residential and commercial development and commercial office buildings with related land plots. Areas Ɣ Buildings – see the Schedule of Properties below Ɣ Land plots – see the Schedule of Properties below Tenure Ɣ Buildings – see the Schedule of Properties below Ɣ Land plots – see the Schedule of Properties below Tenancies As of the valuation date from the data provided by the Client, the office properties are partially occupied by the short-term leaseholders according to the lease agreements. -
Floristic Investigations of Historical Parks in St. Petersburg, Russia(
URBAN HABITATS, VOLUME 2, NUMBER 1 • ISSN 1541-7115 Floristic Investigations of Historical Parks in St. Petersburg, Russia http://www.urbanhabitats.org Floristic Investigations of Historical Parks * in St. Petersburg, Russia Maria Ignatieva1 and Galina Konechnaya2 1Landscape Architecture Group, Environment, Society and Design Division, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand; [email protected] 2V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 2 Professora Popova Street , St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia; [email protected] floristic investigations led us to identify ten plant Abstract From 1989 to 1998, our team of researchers indicator groups. These groups can be used for future conducted comprehensive floristic and analysis and monitoring of environmental conditions phytocoenological investigations in 18 historical in the parks. This paper also includes analyses of parks in St. Petersburg, Russia. We used sample plant communities in 3 of the 18 parks. Such analyses quadrats to look at plant communities; we also are useful for determining the success of past studied native species, nonnative species, “garden restoration projects in parks and other habitats and escapees,” and exotic nonnaturalized woody species for planning and implementing future projects. in numerous types of park habitat. Rare and Key words: floristic and phytoencological endangered plants were mapped and photographed, investigations, St. Petersburg, Russia, park, flora, and we analyzed components of the flora according anthropogenic, anthropotolerance, urbanophyle to their ecological peculiarities, reaction to human influences (anthropotolerance), and origin. The entire Introduction The historical gardens and parks of St. Petersburg, park flora consisted of 646 species of vascular plants Russia, are valued as monuments of landscape belonging to 307 genera and 98 families.