The Structural Behaviour of Spires
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Common Threads Structural Issues in Historic Buildings By Craig M. Bennett, Jr., P.E. Charleston, South Carolina is blessed with historic structures. Eighteenth and nineteenth century houses, churches and civic buildings adorn every block. The city has ® interesting challenges for the structural engineer… the east coast’s largest earthquake, hurricanes, city-wide fires and poor soils have put buildings and their designers to the test. Because the primary structural materials found here, soil, masonry, timber and iron, are the same as those used everywhere over the last three centuries, struc- tural issues common to buildings in Charleston are found in historic buildings all over the nation. Buildings move due to consolidation of soils; masonry cracks; lime leaches out of mortar; timber creeps under stress and rots when faced with water intrusion and iron corrodes. The only threat not severe here is a regular freeze- thaw cycle. Copyright A look at a few of these historic structuresCopyright© and a comparison of their behavior with that of other buildings found around the southeast will show the similarities in the Pompion Hill Chapel, Huger, SC - 1763 issues the preservation engineer faces. Replacement of the failed trusses in 1751 - St. Michael’s had settled several inches and had been kind would have been appropriate from Episcopal Church, severely fractured. After 1989’s Hurri- a preservation standpoint, but exact cane Hugo, we had had to straighten the replacement timber members would Charleston, South Carolina top 50 feet, the timber spire. We were have, in time, failed under load like the Construction on the brick masonry for also aware that we had potential lateral original. -
The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: the Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry Versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry
Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture Volume 5 Issue 2 135-172 2015 The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: The Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry Nelly Shafik Ramzy Sinai University Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Ramzy, Nelly Shafik. "The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: The Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry." Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture 5, 2 (2015): 135-172. https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal/vol5/iss2/7 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Art History at Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture by an authorized editor of Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ramzy The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: The Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry By Nelly Shafik Ramzy, Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Sinai University, El Masaeed, El Arish City, Egypt 1. Introduction When performing geometrical analysis of historical buildings, it is important to keep in mind what were the intentions -
Geometric Proportioning Strategies in Gothic Architectural Design Robert Bork*
$UFKLWHFWXUDO Bork, R 2014 Dynamic Unfolding and the Conventions of Procedure: Geometric +LVWRULHV Proportioning Strategies in Gothic Architectural Design. Architectural Histories, 2(1): 14, pp. 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ah.bq RESEARCH ARTICLE Dynamic Unfolding and the Conventions of Procedure: Geometric Proportioning Strategies in Gothic Architectural Design Robert Bork* This essay explores the proportioning strategies used by Gothic architects. It argues that Gothic design practice involved conventions of procedure, governing the dynamic unfolding of successive geometrical steps. Because this procedure proves difficult to capture in words, and because it produces forms with a qualitatively different kind of architectural order than the more familiar conventions of classical design, which govern the proportions of the final building rather than the logic of the steps used in creating it, Gothic design practice has been widely misunderstood since the Renaissance. Although some authors in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries attempted to sympathetically explain Gothic geometry, much of this work has been dismissed as unreliable, especially in the influential work of Konrad Hecht. This essay seeks to put the study of Gothic proportion onto a new and firmer foundation, by using computer-aided design software to analyze the geometry of carefully measured buildings and original design drawings. Examples under consideration include the parish church towers of Ulm and Freiburg, and the cross sections of the cathedrals of Reims, Prague, and Clermont-Ferrand, and of the Cistercian church at Altenberg. Introduction of historic monuments to be studied with new rigor. It is Discussion of proportion has a curiously vexed status in finally becoming possible, therefore, to speak with reason- the literature on Gothic architecture. -
Jan Lewandoski Restoration and Traditional Building 92 Old Pasture Rd
Jan Lewandoski Restoration and Traditional Building 92 Old Pasture Rd. Greensboro Bend , Vermont 05842 802-533-2561; 802-274-4318 [email protected] May 7, 2020 The Granville Town Hall, Granville Vermont A Preservation Trust of Vermont Technical Assistance Survey The Granville Town Hall is a tall 2-story, white, clapboarded structure located on the west side of Rt. 100 at the center of Town. It was first built as a church in 1871. It is currently attached to the Town Offices, which are located in the Town’s 1857 schoolhouse. The Town Hall probably started life sitting on a stone foundation on the ground. At a later date the church was lifted and had the current first floor added beneath it. The doorway appears to be of the original period of the church (1871), and to have been relocated to the new lower story. The original tower may have been only the first square section, but at some later date the second square and spire were likely added. I base this observation on fact that the second square section of the tower, and the spire, don’t start within the first section as is usually done (telescoping), but just sit on top of it. The architectural style is vernacular Greek Revival. Characteristic of this are the wide pilasters, closed pediment, and wide double frieze. There is an interesting projection, reflecting the position of the tower or a porch for the doorway, on the middle of the front wall. This is seen occasionally on Vermont churches. The Town Hall is of timber frame construction, spruce and hemlock, and measures about 36 x 48 in plan. -
Architecture of the Cabildo
Architecture of the Cabildo The Cabildo in New Orleans is one of the most historically significant buildings in Louisiana. It was the seat of Spanish colonial government, the site of the Louisiana Purchase transfer ceremony, and home of the Louisiana Supreme Court. It is now part of the Louisiana State Museum. Learn more about the architectural features of this iconic building! Architecture The Cabildo was built 1794-1799 under Spanish rule. It was designed by Gilberto Guillemard in the classical style, which is modelled on the architecture of ancient Greece and Rome. This style was common for eighteenth-century Spanish government buildings and has been used throughout history to convey power and wealth. The wrought-iron balcony railings were created by Marcelino Hernandez, an immigrant from the Canary Islands. The Spanish coat of arms in the pediment was replaced with a patriotic sculpture of an American bald eagle in 1821, a few years after Louisiana became a state, sculpted by Italian artist Pietro Cardelli. In 1847, a third floor with a mansard roof and cupola replaced the original flat roof. This popular French roof style was added in part to match the planned scale of the Pontalba apartment buildings on Jackson Square, which were begun in 1849. These features form an impressive façade that reflect changing influences in New Orleans over time. Architectural terms1 – Use this list of terms to label the drawing of the Cabildo on the next page. • arcade – a series of arches supported by columns • arch – a curved structural element spanning -
Dutch Gable Freestanding Carport
DUTCH GABLE FREESTANDING CARPORT STRATCO OUTBACK® ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS. Your complete guide to building a FREESTANDING Outback DUTCH GABLE CARPORT BEFORE YOU START Carefully read these instructions. If you do not have all the necessary tools or information, contact Stratco for advice. Before starting lay out all components and check them against the delivery docket. The parts description identifies each key part, and the component location diagram indicates their fastening position. PARTS DESCRIPTION RIDGE KNUCKLE FOOTING PLATE EAVES KNUCKLE FOOTING COLUMNS AND Slots inside the gable rafters to Slots inside column Slots inside gable rafter and KNUCKLE RAFTERS form connection at the ridge to form on concrete column to form connection at Slots inside Pre cut 120 outback footing connection. eaves. column to form beam make up an in ground rafters and columns footing connection PURLINS HIP PLATE RIDGE CAP BARGE CAP INFILL PANELS Purlins provide support for Connects purlins to This flashing covers the roof The barge cap covers Sufficient number of sheets are cladding the hip rafter. sheets at the gable ridge. the area where the provided, from which the required deck finishes at portal dutch gable infill panels can be HIP FLASHING frame cut. Covers the roof sheet ends along the hip rafter. WEATHER STRIP HEX HEAD SELF DRILLING BOLTS AND RIVETS 68 mm PURLIN Weather strip supports infill SCREWS Bolt types vary depending BRACKET panel and covers the sheet Screw types vary depending upon upon the connection, ensure This bracket ends at the collar -
Saint Gayane Church
Masarykova univerzita Filozofická fakulta Seminář dějin umění Saint Gayane Church Bakalárska diplomová práca Autor: Michaela Baraničová Vedúci práce: prof. Ivan Foletti, MA, Docteur es Lettres Brno 2020 ii Prehlasujem, že som svoju bakalársku diplomovú prácu vypracovala samostatne a uviedla všetkú použitú literatúru a pramene. .............................................................. Podpis autora práce iii iv On the ancient peak of Ararat The centuries have come like seconds, And passed on. The swords of innumerable lightnings Have broken upon its diamond crest, And passed on. The eyes of generations dreading death Have glanced at its luminuos summit, And passed on. The turn is now yours for a brief while: You, too, look at its lofty brow, And pass on! Avetik Isahakyan, “Mount Ararat”, in Selected Works: Poetry and Prose, ed. M. Kudian, Moscow 1976. v vi My first sincere thanks belong to my thesis’ supervisor, prof. Ivan Foletti, for his observations, talks and patience during this time. Especially, I would like to thank him for introducing me to the art of Caucasus and giving me the opportunity to travel to Armenia for studies, where I spent five exciting months. I would like to thank teachers from Yerevan State Academy of Arts, namely to Gayane Poghosyan and Ani Yenokyan, who were always very kind and helped me with better access of certain Armenian literature. My gratitude also belongs to my friends Susan and colleagues, notably to Veronika, who was with me in Armenia and made the whole experience more entertaining. To Khajag, who helped me with translation of Armenian texts and motivating me during the whole process. It´s hard to express thanks to my amazing parents, who are constantly supporting me in every step of my studies and life, but let me just say: Thank you! vii viii Content Introduction.........................................................................1 I. -
Design Guidelines September, 1999 Table of Contents
Design Guidelines September, 1999 Table of Contents I: Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 A. Preserving the Architectural Heritage............................................................................................................................................. 1 B. History of the Historic District Area............................................................................................................................................... 1 C. Other Areas of Historical Significance........................................................................................................................................... 2 D. Historic Preservation Commission................................................................................................................................................. 3 E. Purpose............................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 F. Scope and Jurisdiction .................................................................................................................................................................... 4 G. Certificate of Appropriateness ....................................................................................................................................................... -
Roofing Systems Overview Double Lock Standing Seam
Roofng systems overview Double lock standing seam Roofng systems overview – Double lock standing seam | 3 Sistemas de revestimiento - Junta alzada para fachadas Index Main characteristics 5 Principal joints 6 Cross joints 7 Fixing 8 Standing seam tray dimensions 9 Installation 10 Appearance 10 Rainwater drainage 11 Roof shapes 12 Substrates and roof construction 14 Summary 16 Samples 17 4 | Roofng systems overview – Double lock standing seam Roofng systems overview – Double lock standing seam | 5 Main characteristics The double lock standing seam system provides a lightweight, sustainable and very durable roofing solution and is commonly used on many different building types including educational, healthcare, sports, comercial, religious and, of course, housing. The system is suitable for roofs pitched between 3º and 90º, barrel vaulted roofs, conical and domed roofs, and in general almost any type of roof that can be clad in elZinc®. This is a proven traditional system that has been used to install zinc since the origins of zinc roofing itself and continues to be by far the most popular method today. The fine lines of the standing seams give the system its light, attractive appearance and contribute to its flexibility. Modern profiling and seaming technology makes quick work of large roo- fs, decreasing installation times and the associated direct and indirect costs. It can be installed over a ventilated or non-ventila- ted roof construction, allowing the best solution to be chosen according to the characteristics of each project. The fixing is hidden and indirect. It needs a continuous support behind it and normally uses elZinc® sheet thicknesses of between 0.65 and 0.8mm. -
WHY YOU ASK? ST MARY’S Because This Will Be ‘NO MORE’ If the Spire Is Not Repaired URGENTLY! CHURCH BROOMFIELD This Is NO Cliche! This Is SERIOUS!
DO YOU LOVE TO HEAR THE BELLS RING? DO YOU LOVE THE HERITAGE OF OUR VILLAGE CHURCH? DO YOU LOVE THAT THIS IS ONE OF ‘FEW’ CHURCHES ‘LEFT’ WITH A ROUND TOWER? DO YOU LOVE THE SCENIC VIEWS OF OUR CHURCH IN ALL SEASONS? DO YOU LOVE HAVING A RARE ‘CHURCH BUILDING’ IN OUR VILLAGE? WHY YOU ASK? ST MARY’S Because this will be ‘NO MORE’ if the Spire is not repaired URGENTLY! CHURCH BROOMFIELD This is NO cliche! This is SERIOUS! If you love your church, your village, your community – PLEASE HELP? Please see attached for the ‘worrying’ facts and the financial status….. DO YOU LOVE TO HEAR THE BELLS RING? Did you know the bells have rung from as early as 1482? DO YOU LOVE THE HERITAGE OF OUR CHURCH? Did you know that the spire dates from the 15th century and ‘2 of our 6’ bells date from 1613 and 1580? DO YOU LOVE A RARITY? Did you know there is a ‘Fresco’ painting in the tower? The ‘only’ modern/20th century Fresco painting in England? This was painted by the famous artist Rosemary Rutherford in 1942. The painting is of ‘Christ stilling the storm’. It was painted on wet plaster during a break from the war. DO YOU LOVE THAT WE ARE ONE OF ‘FEW’ CHURCHES LEFT WITH A ROUND TOWER? Did you know there are only 6 Round Tower Churches left in Essex including ours? DO YOU LOVE THE PHOTOS TAKEN OF OUR CHURCH IN ALL SEASONS? The winter mornings, the sunrise, the sunsets, the springtime, the summer weddings, the family occasions! All of the above will just be ‘HISTORY’ if we FAIL to repair the SPIRE ROOF! I know you hear many times that churches need funds for roof repairs but this REALLY is the case! The Spire roof is so BADLY damaged from water ingress that the timbers underneath the ‘wood tiled shingles’ are rotting and very soon, ‘sadly’, they will be unable to hold the heavy church bells. -
Elements of Construction
149 Chapter 8 Elements of construction INTRODUCTION mass of these loads can be calculated readily, the fact When designing a building, an architect plans for that the number or amount of components may vary spatial, environmental and visual requirements. Once considerably from time to time makes live loads more these requirements are satisfied, it is necessary to detail difficult to estimate than dead loads. Live loads also the fabric of the building. The choice of materials and include the forces resulting from natural phenomena, the manner in which they are put together to form such as wind, earthquakes and snow. building elements, such as the foundation, walls, floor Where wind velocities have been recorded, the and roof, depend largely upon their properties relative following equation can be used to determine the expected to environmental requirements and their strength. pressures on building walls: The process of building construction thus involves an understanding of: the nature and characteristics of q = 0.0127 V2k a number of materials; the methods to process them and form them into building units and components; where: structural principles; stability and behaviour under q = basic velocity pressure (Pa) load; building production operations; and building V = wind velocity (m/s) economics. k = (h/6.1)2/7 The limited number of materials available in the h = design height of building, in metres (eave height for rural areas of Africa has resulted in a limited number of low and medium roof pitches) structural forms and methods of construction. Different 6.1 = height at which wind velocities were often recorded socio-economic conditions and cultural beliefs are for Table 8.1. -
3 Church Street, Cambridge, Ma 02138
FIRST PARISH IN CAMBRIDGE 3 CHURCH STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 75 Kneeland Street Boston, MA 02111 617-227-1477 www.torreyarchitecture.com STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Structures North Consulting Engineers, Inc. WEATHERVANE 60 Washington Street, Suite 401 SPIRE Salem, MA 01970 978-745-6817 STEEPLEJACK/ CONTRACTOR American Steeple & Tower 373 Essex Street Salem, MA 01970 978-744-7194 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT Weinmayr/Jay Assoc. Inc. TOWER 760 Main Street PINNACLES Waltham, MA 02451 TRACERY, LATTICE AND LOUVERS AT TOWER BELFRY LIGHTING CONSULTANT PARAPET OPENING CAMBRIDGE HISTORICAL COMMISSION WSP USA (CRENELATED 75 Arlington Street, 9th Fl BATTLEMENT) CERTIFICATE OF APPROPRIATENESS Boston, MA 02116 APPLICATION COST CONSULTANT Ellana Construction Consultants 09-08-2020 98 North Washington Street, Suite 109 TOWER SANCTUARY Boston, MA 02114 CORNER ROOF PILASTERS G-100 COVER SHEET 1. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES THEN AND NOW EXTERIOR ELEVATIONS SURVEY 2. ARCHIVE OF LOST DETAILS/CRITICAL PROJECT PRIORITIES Existing Conditions Surveys, Inc. 3398 Columbus Ave, #334 RAKE 3. SITE PLAN RENDERING Boston, MA 02116 BALUSTRADE TRACERY AND 4. SITE PLAN BIRD'S EYE VIEW AND STREET ELEVATION WINDOW SASH 5. ENTRY VIEWS FROM EAST AT TOWER 6. TOWER ENTRY, NARTHEX LOBBY AND ENTRY DOOR LANCET WINDOW 7. GFRP IN ARCHITECTURAL RESTORATION/OVERALL VIEW 8. SOUTH ELEVATION EXISTING AND PROPOSED EAVE PINNACLES 9. EAST ELEVATION EXISTING AND PROPOSED GABLET ROOF 10. NORTH ELEVATION EXISTING AND PROPOSED No. Description Date AT BASE OF 11. D-001A DEMOLITION SITE/NARTHEX PLAN MASS AVE WALL AND TOWER CORNER TOWER PROJECT ESTIMATE SET 02/20/20 PILASTERS 12. D-201 DEMOLITION WEST AND EAST ELEVATIONS 13. A-001A SITE PLAN/ NARTHEX PLAN REVISIONS 05/05/20 14.