DOCSLIB.ORG

Antifungal Activity of Henna Leaves (Lawsonia Inermis L.) Against Trichophyton Rubrum and Trichophyton Interdigitale

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Antifungal Activity of Henna Leaves (Lawsonia Inermis L.) Against Trichophyton Rubrum and Trichophyton Interdigitale International Journal of Research and Review Vol.7; Issue: 11; November 2020 Website: www.ijrrjournal.com Original Research Article E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 Antifungal Activity of Henna Leaves (Lawsonia inermis L.) against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale Rabi Yakubu Bello Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Yobe State University, PMB 1144, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria. ABSTRACT reported to be due to dermatophytes (Tchernev et al., 2012; Kenneth et al., Onychomycosis is a term used to describe 2016). Among dermatophytes, the most fungal infection of the nails caused by some often isolated causative pathogens of dermatophytes. The present study was designed onychomycosis are Trichophyton rubrum, to assess the antifungal activity of henna leaves Trichophyton interdigitale (formerly T. (Lawsonia inermis L) extracts (n-hexane and petroleum ether) against two species of mentagrophytes), Epidermophyton dermatophytes: Trichophyton rubrum and floccosum and Trychophyton tonsurans Trichophyton interdigitale using the Agar (Tchernev et al., 2012; Piraccini and Radial Diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Alessandrini, 2015). Concentration techniques respectively. Results The condition is worldwide in obtained revealed that n-hexane extract have no distribution and problems associated with antifungal effect against the test organisms. onychomycosis include difficulty in wearing However, crude extract of petroleum ether footwear and walking, cosmetic inhibited growth of both dermatophytes at embarrassment and lowered self-esteem concentrations of 12.5mg/ml - 200mg/ml with (Shenoy and Shenoy, 2014). Some of the the largest inhibition zone of 81±1.4mm against contributing factors causing this disease are T. rubrum. MIC values of both extracts were 50mg/ml against T. rubrum. The antifungal drug occlusive footwear, genetic predisposition Itraconazole exhibited the largest inhibition and concurrent diseases, such as diabetes zone of 71±1.8mm against T. interdigitale at and HIV infection, as well as other forms of 25mg/ml concentration. Phytochemical immunosuppression (Ameen et al., 2014). It screening of the extracts revealed the presence is a common misconception among of carbohydrates, saponins and alkaloids. This physicians that as onychomycosis is a study concludes that, henna extract possesses cosmetic problem it need not be treated antifungal activity and thus can be used to (Kenneth et al., 2016). combat the problem of drug resistance. Onychomycosis can result in disruption of integrity of the skin, providing Keywords: Lawsonia inermis, Antifungal, an entry point for bacteria leading to the Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, Itraconazole. development of foot ulcers, osteomyelitis, cellulitis and gangrene in diabetic patients INTRODUCTION (Ameen et al., 2014; Kenneth et al., 2016). Onychomycosis is a term used to Furthermore, fungal diseases are contagious describe fungal infections of the fingernails and may spread to other family members if or toenails (Ameen et al., 2014). Despite the not treated (Tchernev et al., 2012). geographical and racial variation in the However, the rate of treatment failure with aetiological agents of onychomycosis, an standard antifungal drugs is on the rise due estimated 85–90% of nail infections are to poor patient compliance, low International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 314 Vol.7; Issue: 11; November 2020 Rabi Yakubu Bello. Antifungal activity of henna leaves (lawsonia inermis l.) against trichophyton rubrum and trichophyton interdigitale. bioavailability, lack of drug penetration into from ATCC 28188 catalog number SKU: the nail, drug resistance and drug 0444K and ATCC 9533 catalog number interactions (Ameen et al., 2014; Piraccini SKU: 0442K respectively were purchased and Alessandrini, 2015). from Microbiologics Inc. through 108616 According to World Health VSR INT LTD Distributor. The organisms Organisation (WHO), medicinal plants were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose could be important resources for obtaining Emmons Agar supplemented with lactic new antimicrobial drugs (Khan et al., 2016). acid and incubated aerobically for 6 days at Today, it is estimated that about 80% of 25OC. people in developing countries rely on traditional medicines for their primary 2.3 Inoculum Preparation: a loop full of health care (Sharma and Goel, 2018). the test organisms were inoculated in Traditional medicines are becoming Sabouraud Dextrose Emmons Broth popular, due to high toxicity and adverse supplemented with lactic acid and incubated effects of orthodox medicament (Osman et for 48hours at 25OC. al., 2012; Otang and Afolayan, 2016). The name henna, refers to the dye 2.4 Extraction method (Maceration): prepared from the leaves of Lawsonia Sterile bottles were labelled with the name inermis L. (family Lythraceae) (Wagini et of each solvent to which 100grams of henna al., 2014; Rathi et al., 2017). This species powder was added. 500mls of n-hexane and has been used as medicinal plant since petroleum ether were added to respective ancient times to cure numerous diseases but bottles to make 1:5% w/v of the extract. All mainly as dye material (Rao et al., 2016). the bottles were then kept on a universal Recent studies showed that the leaves of this shaker (model HS-501 digital Werke plant have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, Company) for 24hours. Both extracts were analgesic, antifungal and antibacterial then filtered using Whatman no. 1 (24cm) activity (Nawasrah et al., 2016). filter papers and solvents were recovered in Hence, this study involved rotary evaporator. antifungal testing of henna plant extracts against Trichophyton rubrum and 2.5 Preparation of extracts: 1g of each Trichophyton interdigitale in comparison extract was weighed, transferred into with conventional antifungal drug respective containers and dissolved in 5ml (Itraconazole). of 1% DMSO in the solvent of extraction and 1000mg/ml of itraconazole was 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS dissolved in 5ml distilled water. Thus we 2.1 Collection of plant material and have 200mg/ml of all the stock solution. 7- authentication: L. inermis Linn. plant folds serial dilutions were set up with the leaves were obtained from Adaya village least concentration of 3.125mg/ml. under Fune local Government Area of Yobe State and authenticated by a botanist at the 2.6 In vitro sensitivity tests: the antifungal department of Biological Sciences, Yobe activity of henna extracts was assessed in State University. The leaves were washed comparison with the antifungal drug thoroughly with tap water, shade dried and itraconazole. All experiments were prepared grinded using mortar and pistil. The powder in triplicates and the results shown represent was then stored in an air tight container until the mean. further use. 2.6.1 Agar Radial Diffusion: The well 2.2 Fungal strains: Trichophyton rubrum diffusion method was carried out as and Trichophyton. interdigitale (formerly described by (Kannahi and Vinotha, 2013; Trichophyton. mentagrophytes) derived International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 315 Vol.7; Issue: 11; November 2020 Rabi Yakubu Bello. Antifungal activity of henna leaves (lawsonia inermis l.) against trichophyton rubrum and trichophyton interdigitale. Rao et al., 2016) with slight modification as 2.8 Statistical analysis stated below: The results are expressed as mean Nutrient agar plates were prepared standard deviation (SD) for the and allowed to solidify at room temperature. measurements of inhibition zones in A loop full of the broth culture was picked antifungal activity tests. and emulsified with distilled water. Using micropipettes, a drop of this was then 3. RESULTS aseptically transferred unto each nutrient Petroleum ether henna extract agar plates and spread using a spreader. The exhibited antifungal activity against T. plates were then allowed to sit for 30 rubrum (table 1). Zones of inhibition were minutes so as to suck up the inoculum. observed around wells containing Afterwards, 4 wells were made in the plates 12.5mg/ml that increased with increasing using a sterile cork borer of 10mm diameter concentration. and labelled. The wells were filled with respective extracts using a micropipette and Table 1: Agar radial diffusion results of henna leaves extracts 0 against Trichophyton rubrum after 48 hours of incubation at plates were then incubated at 25 C for 48 250C. Concentrations Extracts/ Zones of inhibition hours and the diameter of the zones of in mm ±SD Organism inhibition measured in millimetre. n-hexane Petroleum ether T. rubrum 3.125mg/ml N.I N.I 2.6.2 Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 6.25mg/ml N.I N.I (MIC): The MIC values of n-hexane 12.5mg/ml N.I 41±0.9 extract, petroleum ether extract and the 25mg/ml N.I 4.9±1.8 50mg/ml N.I 63±1.4 reference drug (Itraconazole) were 100mg/ml N.I 74±0.9 determined for the selected test organisms 200mg/ml N.I 81±1.4 NI: no inhibition; n=3. using tube dilution assay. This was done by adding 2ml of Both n-hexane and petroleum ether TSB into seven test-tubes. 2ml of extract extract showed little or no antifungal was added to the first test tube and mixed on activity against T. interdigitale (table 2). a whirl mixer. 2ml of the contents from tube one were removed and aseptically added to Table 2: Agar radial diffusion results of henna leaves extracts against Trichophyton interdigitale after 48 hours of incubation tube two followed by mixing. The process at 250C. was repeated up to tube six but no plant Organism Concentrations Extracts/ Zones of inhibition in mm ±SD extract was added to tube seven as it was n-hexane Petroleum kept as a positive growth control. All seven ether T. test tubes were then inoculated with a drop interdigitale 3.125mg/ml N.I N.I of overnight culture diluted in distilled 6.25mg/ml N.I N.I water. Another set of tubes were prepared 12.5mg/ml N.I N.I 25mg/ml N.I N.I in the same way but no culture added to 50mg/ml N.I N.I them as negative control. The MICs were 100mg/ml N.I 51±1.4 200mg/ml N.I 64±1.2 regarded as the lowest concentration that NI: no inhibition; n=3.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Maiwa Guide to NATURAL DYES W H at T H Ey a R E a N D H Ow to U S E T H E M
    the maiwa guide to NATURAL DYES WHAT THEY ARE AND HOW TO USE THEM WA L NUT NATURA L I ND IG O MADDER TARA SYM PL O C OS SUMA C SE Q UO I A MAR IG O L D SA FFL OWER B U CK THORN LIVI N G B L UE MYRO B A L AN K AMA L A L A C I ND IG O HENNA H I MA L AYAN RHU B AR B G A LL NUT WE L D P OME G RANATE L O G WOOD EASTERN B RA ZIL WOOD C UT C H C HAMOM IL E ( SA PP ANWOOD ) A LK ANET ON I ON S KI NS OSA G E C HESTNUT C O C H I NEA L Q UE B RA C HO EU P ATOR I UM $1.00 603216 NATURAL DYES WHAT THEY ARE AND HOW TO USE THEM Artisans have added colour to cloth for thousands of years. It is only recently (the first artificial dye was invented in 1857) that the textile industry has turned to synthetic dyes. Today, many craftspeople are rediscovering the joy of achieving colour through the use of renewable, non-toxic, natural sources. Natural dyes are inviting and satisfying to use. Most are familiar substances that will spark creative ideas and widen your view of the world. Try experimenting. Colour can be coaxed from many different sources. Once the cloth or fibre is prepared for dyeing it will soak up the colour, yielding a range of results from deep jew- el-like tones to dusky heathers and pastels.
    [Show full text]
  • DN Product Instructions
    discovery naturals™ READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE Our products work on ALL HAIR TYPES (African, Asian, Caucasian, Indian, and Latino, chemically colored, bleached, straightened or damaged hair). Hair colors are permanent and normally last 4 - 8 weeks. Our products cannot lighten dark hair. Use as often as desired because the more you use them, the better your results. Below are detailed directions, but you may need to alter the process a bit to achieve your ideal results. Once you find your perfect application technique it will work every time. Remember, your hair, scalp, skin, and health are worth it, plus you'll look great naturally! Sensitivity Test: Sensitivity to our natural plant products is extremely rare. First time users of hair or tattoo products should perform a skin sensitivity test before full application. If any sensitivity occurs it is due to a reaction to one of the natural plants in our formula, or your skin has not healed completely from prior chemical product usage and you’ll need to wait until your skin is fully healed before retrying. Our products DO NOT contain PPD (Para-Phenylenediamine), Amonia, Peroxide, Bleach, Lye, or other nasty chemicals found in traditional hair colors. To perform a sensitivity test, mix a ¼ teaspoon of powder with a few drops of water to form a thick paste. Apply dime sized amount of paste to the inside of the wrist and/or near the hairline. Wrap with plastic wrap to keep moist for 1.5 – 3 hours. Rinse paste off with water. After 24 hours evaluate for sensitivity or redness.
    [Show full text]
  • Henna Powder, Cones, Pastes & Hollywood
    HENNA POWDER, CONES, PASTES & HOLLYWOOD INK Please read the following instructions completely before use Sensitivity Test: Sensitivity to this product is extremely rare. First time users should do a spot sensitivity test. For Henna Powder mix a small amount of powder into a paste with water and apply it to the inner wrist and/or near the hairline on the back of the neck. For Cones, Pastes and Hollywood Ink, no mixing is needed. After 2 hours, rinse with warm water. Wait and evaluate for sensitivity or redness after 24 hours. If sensitivity develops, do not use this product. Organic Aloe Vera gel and/or Organic Coconut Oil applied to the skin and scalp may help calm any sensitivity reactions. Henna Powder for Tattoos Prep: Henna Powder 2-4 Tea Bags Bottled or fresh lemon juice (strained) Large plastic or glass bowl for mixing Measuring spoon/measuring cup Sugar or honey (optional) Essential Oils (optional) Large plastic bag or plastic bottle for storage Applicator bottle or cone for applying the henna Saran wrap Paper towels for cleanup Mix: For tattoos, place entire package of henna powder in a glass or ceramic bowl. Boil 2-3 cups of water, then add 2- 4 tea bags, and let steep for 30 minutes or longer. You want the darkest brew possible. Add 2- 4 tablespoons of fresh lemon juice to the powder. While stirring, add the warm tea brew in a little at a time. Mix well and use enough brew so that the mixture is the same consistency as pancake batter. Add 2 teaspoons of an essential oil, and mix well.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is "Black Henna?" Catherine Cartwright-Jones C 2003
    1 2 What is "Black Henna?" Catherine Cartwright-Jones c 2003 Henna is NOT black. However, there are several things marketed as "Black Henna", and some things believed to be "Black Henna". Some are very dangerous. Some are harmless. When para- phenylenediamine black hair dye is used to make black temporary tattoos, often called “black henna”, it can cause blistering, open sores, scarring, and life-ling health problems. PPD “black henna”, two weeks after application, with intense itching and open sores 1) Some people make a black temporary tattoo they call "Black Henna" with synthetic black hair dye, containing para- phenylendiamine. This is NOT HENNA! Black hair dye should never be put straight on your skin, plain, or mixed with other material. Synthetic Black Hair Dye is illegal to put on skin, because that is not approved use. Even when this dye is applied to hair, people must wear gloves, and they try to not get it on the scalp! PPD, para-phenylendiamine can seriously 3 injure people. Para-phenylenediamine is a strong sensitizer, transdermal toxin and potential carcinogen. 2) "Black Henna" was once a term for indigo, when it was sold as hair dye. In the 1800's there was no synthetic hair dye. Henna and indigo were used to dye hair. Henna leaves and twigs that had no, or very low, concentrations of Lawsone (the tannin produced by the henna plant) were sold as neutral henna. Henna leaf buds that had high concentrations of Lawsone were sold as Red Henna or Henna. Indigo was marketed as "black henna".
    [Show full text]
  • The Hennakitten Years
    The Hennakitten Years Hennacat’s free henna design book based on work and ideas from 2002 - 2007 Iconic and popular designs which are simple to reproduce and stunning to wear Includes Hennacat’s own henna recipes and instructions for henna body art. 2 Hennacat ‘The Hennakitten Years’ Copyright 2012 Catharine Hinton Cover Graphic by Catharine Hinton Published by Yogaspirit 35 Hotspur Street Shrewsbury Shropshire SY1 2QB All rights reserved. Printed in the United Kingdom No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews, and within the terms of use as described on page 2. ISBN – To be confirmed Catharine Hinton ‘The Hennakitten Years’ The Hennakitten Years Copyright © 2012 Catharine Hinton Hennacat All rights reserved. Buy body art quality henna and other products from www.Hennacat.com 3 Copyright and terms of Use Hennacat ‘The Hennakitten Years’ Copyright 2012 Catharine Hinton. All rights reserved. This publication is licensed for personal, instructional and educational purposes for five years from the date of download. Terms of use: You must agree to these terms to download, print, and use this publication. You accept the following terms: Hennacat takes all reasonable care to ensure that the information contained on this publication is accurate. However, no warranty or representation is given that the information and materials contained on it are complete or free from errors or inaccuracies. To the extent permitted by applicable laws, Hennacat accepts no liability for any loss or damages or expenses of any kind including without limitation compensatory, direct, indirect or consequential damages, loss of data, income or profit, loss of or damage to property, or claims by third parties howsoever arising in connection with your use of this publication, the copying or use of any information or material contained in or referred to in it.
    [Show full text]
  • Microscopy of Henna the Microscopic Structures of A
    Chapter 4: Science and Microscopy: Microscopy of Henna The microscopic structures of a henna leaf This is a quantitative microscopy survey of different brands of henna hair dye products. Henna products in the marketplace frequently contain unlisted additives and adulterants, and the milling and sifting varies with particles from 0.2 mm to over 3 mm. Consumers become frustrated by henna products’ coarse sift, sand, problematic interactions with chemical dyes, and unpredictable, fading results. The public understanding of what is henna is further misinformed by false advertising claims made by by exporters and retailers. Investigation into henna’s agricultural, industrial, and marketing processes was part of my Master’s and PhD dissertations, in contrast to the usual anthropological and folkloric investigations on henna. Through that research, I amassed years of henna, indigo and cassia analysis from a certified independent laboratory, over one hundred henna hair dye products, and declarations by henna exporters. This chapter shows quantitative microscopic comparisons of products sold as ‘henna.’ The above image is are macroscopic view of the ventral side of a 38 mm long henna leaf, 1.5 inches, with the midrib, vein, and lamina indicated.1 The above image shows the dorsal side of four paired young henna leaves; the larger leaves are 20 mm (about 0.8”) long. The above images are scanned, so show natural color from reflected light.2 1 Henna plants raised by Catherine Cartwright-Jones PhD 2 Epson Perfection V600 Photo scanner 1200 DPI “Ancient Sunrise® Henna for Hair,” Chapter 4: Science and Microscopy Part 3, Microscopy of Henna.
    [Show full text]
  • INCI Terminology
    www.WholesaleSuppliesPlus.com 1(800)359-0944 INCI TERMINOLOGY - SINGLE INGREDIENT COMMON NAME INCI TERM Agar Agar Gelidium Amansii (Agar) Alcohol/Denatured Alcohol/SDA Alcohol Alfalfa Powder Medicago Sativa (Alfalfa) Leaf Powder Alkanet/Alkanet Root Alkanna Tinctoria Root Extract Allantoin Allantoin Almond Meal Prunus Dulcis (Almond) Meal Almond Milk Prunus Dulcis (Almond) Milk Almond Oil/Sweet Almond Oil Prunus Dulcis (Almond) Oil Aloe Extract Butter Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil (and) Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract Aloe Vera 100x Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice (and) Maltodextrin Aloe Vera 200x Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice Aloe Vera Extract Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe) Leaf Extract Aloe Vera Gel Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe) Leaf Juice Aloe Vera Juice Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe) Leaf Juice Alum Amyris balsamifera (Amyris) Oil Amyris Essential Oil Amyris balsamifera (Amyris) Oil Anise Essential Oil Pimpinella Anisum (Anise) Oil Anise Powder Pimpinella Anisum (Anise Annatto Annatto (Bixa Orelana) Annatto Powder Annatto (Bixa orelana) Apricot Kernel Oil Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil Apricot Seed Powder Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Seed Powder Arnica Arnica Montana (Arnica) Arrowroot Powder Maranta Arundinaceae (Arrowroot) Ascorbic Acid USP/Vitamin C Acorbic Acid Avocado Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Fruit Avocado Oil Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil Babassu Oil Orbignya Oleifera (Babassu) Seed Oil Baking Soda Sodium Bicarbonate Balsam Fir Essential Oil Abies Balsamea (Balsam Canda) Resin Balsam Peru/Peru Balsam Essential Oil Myroxylon Pereira (Balsam Peru)
    [Show full text]
  • Extra Dark Henna Color
    How to Get the Darkest Color Henna Tattoos by Jody of ShopBeachcombers.com Everyone wants super dark color from their henna tattoos. I want to help you achieve this, but keep in mind henna isn't all about color. It's about connecting (with others or just yourself) and contributing to a positive energy within and around us. Henna can be as powerful as you let it! Back to dark color henna! There are many factors that contribute to the color you ultimately get from your henna. I’m going to address most of them here. 1. The Henna Product Itself Mixing your own henna from powder is capable of giving you the darkest longest lasting color. Use a high quality powder such as our ORa Organic Raj henna, Ibis Henna, Lume, or Jamila henna and the Beachcombers Super Simple henna recipe. ~ Recipe Below ~ 2. What Part of the Body You Henna Henna takes best on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. The further away from the feet and hands you get, the lighter the stain. The thinner the skin, the fewer layers of skin cells there are for the henna to stain, therefore you get a lighter stain. That's okay, you can still do henna on the back or even the face, just know that it will be much lighter and not last as long. 3. The Skin Itself Henna takes best to clean dry skin. Lotions, sunblock, or even water will be a barrier between the henna and the skin. Self tanner can be exceptionally difficult for henna to bond with.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1 Vernacular Names
    Appendix 1 Vernacular Names The vernacular names listed below have been collected from the literature. Few have phonetic spellings. Spelling is not helped by the difficulties of transcribing unwritten languages into European syllables and Roman script. Some languages have several names for the same species. Further complications arise from the various dialects and corruptions within a language, and use of names borrowed from other languages. Where the people are bilingual the person recording the name may fail to check which language it comes from. For example, in northern Sahel where Arabic is the lingua franca, the recorded names, supposedly Arabic, include a number from local languages. Sometimes the same name may be used for several species. For example, kiri is the Susu name for both Adansonia digitata and Drypetes afzelii. There is nothing unusual about such complications. For example, Grigson (1955) cites 52 English synonyms for the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in the British Isles, and also mentions several examples of the same vernacular name applying to different species. Even Theophrastus in c. 300 BC complained that there were three plants called strykhnos, which were edible, soporific or hallucinogenic (Hort 1916). Languages and history are linked and it is hoped that understanding how lan- guages spread will lead to the discovery of the historical origins of some of the vernacular names for the baobab. The classification followed here is that of Gordon (2005) updated and edited by Blench (2005, personal communication). Alternative family names are shown in square brackets, dialects in parenthesis. Superscript Arabic numbers refer to references to the vernacular names; Roman numbers refer to further information in Section 4.
    [Show full text]
  • CAPSTONE 19-4 Indo-Pacific Field Study
    CAPSTONE 19-4 Indo-Pacific Field Study Subject Page Combatant Command ................................................ 3 New Zealand .............................................................. 53 India ........................................................................... 123 China .......................................................................... 189 National Security Strategy .......................................... 267 National Defense Strategy ......................................... 319 Charting a Course, Chapter 9 (Asia Pacific) .............. 333 1 This page intentionally blank 2 U.S. INDO-PACIFIC Command Subject Page Admiral Philip S. Davidson ....................................... 4 USINDOPACOM History .......................................... 7 USINDOPACOM AOR ............................................. 9 2019 Posture Statement .......................................... 11 3 Commander, U.S. Indo-Pacific Command Admiral Philip S. Davidson, U.S. Navy Photos Admiral Philip S. Davidson (Photo by File Photo) Adm. Phil Davidson is the 25th Commander of United States Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM), America’s oldest and largest military combatant command, based in Hawai’i. USINDOPACOM includes 380,000 Soldiers, Sailors, Marines, Airmen, Coast Guardsmen and Department of Defense civilians and is responsible for all U.S. military activities in the Indo-Pacific, covering 36 nations, 14 time zones, and more than 50 percent of the world’s population. Prior to becoming CDRUSINDOPACOM on May 30, 2018, he served as
    [Show full text]
  • Extraction of Henna Leaf Dye and Its Dyeing Effects on Textile Fibre
    Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(2), 217-222, 2007 Extraction of Henna Leaf Dye and its Dyeing Effects on Textile Fibre M. M Alam, M. L. Rahman and M. Z. Haque BCSIR Laboratories, Rajshahi-6206, Bangladesh Abstracts Henna plant leaves (Lawsonia inermis) contains dye along with other ingredients. The dye component was extracted and applied on silk fibre in order to investigate the dyeing characteristics, e.g. dyeability, fastness etc. It is found that the dye up take by silk fibre was decreased with the increase of dye concentration. Similarly the absorp- tion of dye was increased with the decrease of dye concentration. The maximum dye absorption has been observed at 0.9 % dye with 10 % alum for the period of 65 min- utes at temperature 80O C and pH 4. At this optimum condition the dye absorption was 93 %. The effects of sunlight in air on silk fibre have been studied to investigate the colourfastness. The colourfastness of dyed silk fibre of water and soap solution at different treatment temperature was satisfactory. Considering dyeability and colour- fastness, dye from henna matured leaves was highly applicable on dyeing of silk fibre as well as other protein fibre. Introduction Natural dyes have become a part of human Today, in the world of growing environmen- life since time of immemorial. The Alchemy tal consciousness, natural colourants have of colours started its use from an early time attracted the attention of everyone. Natural (Vankar, 2000). Use of natural dyes in dyes used in food are screened for safety but colouration of textile materials and other pur- the information is not known for most of the pose is just one of the consequences of natural dyes used in craft dyeing and with increased environmental awareness (Gupta, potentially wider use.
    [Show full text]
  • Dye Your Hair with Body Art Quality Henna!
    1 Mehandi Henna for Hair Tapdancing Lizard http://www.mehandi.com 339 Tallmaadge Ave., Kent, Ohio, 44240 330-673-0600 Email: [email protected] Dye your hair with body art quality henna! What is henna? Figure 1: Henna: lawsonia inermis Henna is a plant, lawsonia inermis. Henna leaves have been used as a hair dye for thousands of years in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, and South Asia. Henna leaves have red-orange dye molecule, lawsone, which penetrates skin and hair and bonds to the keratin. Henna dye blocks UV so your hair doesn’t become sun damaged, strengthens your hair so it won’t get split ends, makes your hair glossy and shiny, eliminates dandruff and ringworm, and kills head lice and nits. Allergic reaction to henna is extremely rare. Figure 2: Body art quality henna powder is the finest quality pure henna for body art What is body art quality henna? Body art quality henna is the henna produced for bridal henna work. This henna is the top 2% of the henna crop: it has the high lawsone levels of 3% or more, and is finely ground and sifted so henna artists can make delicate patterns and dark henna stains on bride’s hands. Body art quality henna is outstanding for hair because is easy to rinse out, and dyes hair robust, permanent color. Body art quality henna has no additional dyes, no metallic salts, and no para-phenylenediamine. Body art quality henna is absolutely safe to put over synthetic dye, and you can bleach or dye over body art quality henna without damaging the hair.
    [Show full text]