Initial Environmental Examination

June 2017

PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project Subproject: Rehabilitation of Panghagban to Catigbian Road in Buenavista, Bohol

Prepared by the Municipality of Buenavista, Province of Bohol for the Asian Development Bank.

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 April 2017 Year) The date of the currency equivalents must be within 2 months from the date on the cover. Currency unit – peso (PhP) PhP 1.00 = $ 0.02 $1.00 = PhP 49.00

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank BDC Barangay Development Council BUB Bottom-Up Budgeting CAWASA Panghagban Women’s Association, Catigbian Waterworks And Sanitation Association CNC Certificate of Non Coverage CRVT Cambuhat River And Village Tour CSC Construction Supervision Consultant CSO Civil Society Organization DED Detail Engineering Design DENR Department Of Environment And Natural Resources DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development ECA Environmentally Critical Area ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECP Environmentally Critical Project EHSM Environmental Health And Safety Manager EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMB Environmental Management Bureau ESS Environmental Safeguards Specialist GAD Gender And Development IEE Initial Environmental Examination INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management Project IP Indigenous People IROW Infrastructure Right Of Way LGU Local Government Unit LPRAT Local Poverty Reduction Action Team MDC Municipal Development Council MPN Most Probable Number NAAQ National Ambient Air Quality Guidelines NAGMAPA Nagkahiusang Mag-Uuma Sa Panghagban NCB National Competitive Bidding NECA Non Environmental Critical Area NECP Non Environmental Critical Project NIA National Irrigation Administration NPCO National Project Coordinating Office NRIMP National Road Improvement And Management Program

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NRM Natural Resources Management OMC Overhead, Contingencies And Miscellaneous And Contractor’s PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PAWASA Panghagban Waterworks And Sanitation Association PDR Project Description Report PMIC Project Management Implementation Consultant PPCO Provincial Project Management Offices PMO Project Management Office PMU Project Management Unit POs Peoples’ Organizations PRECIS Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies PSA Philippine Statistics Authority PWD Persons With Disability RC Reinforced Concrete RCPC Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert RPCO Regional Project Coordinating Offices REA Rapid Environmental Assessment ROW Right Of Way SB Sangguniang Bayan SBD Standard Bidding Document SEMS Social And Environmental Management Systems SPMU Sub-Project Management Unit SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SSS Social Safeguards Specialist TA Technical Assistance TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOR Terms Of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulates WMA Watershed Management Area WMPCO Watershed Management And Project Coordination Offices

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WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

˚C – degree centigrade ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter m asl – meter above sea level mm – millimeter mg/L – milligram per liter mg/Nm3 – milligram per normal cubic meter ppt – parts per thousand μg/Nm3 – microgram per normal cubic meter µS/cm – microSiemens/cm % – percent

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK...... 2 A. Environmental Clearance Requirements ...... 2 1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 2 2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements ...... 4 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 5 A. Overview ...... 5 B. Project Location ...... 5 C. Project Rationale ...... 6 D. Project Development Plan ...... 8 1. Project Components ...... 8 2. Description of the Project Phases ...... 9 E. Manpower Requirements ...... 10 F. Project Cost ...... 10 G. Project Duration and Schedule ...... 11 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 12 A. Elevation and Slope ...... 12 B. Geology ...... 14 C. Soils ...... 15 D. Water Quality ...... 16 E. Land Classification ...... 17 F. Land Cover and Land Use ...... 17 G. Climate ...... 18 1. Baseline Climate ...... 18 2. Climate Scenario for Bohol in 2020 and 2050 ...... 20 H. Hydrology ...... 22 I. Natural Hazards ...... 22 J. Biological Environment ...... 23 1. Flora ...... 23 2. Fauna ...... 24 K. Socio-Economic Conditions ...... 24

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1. Population ...... 24 2. Population Density ...... 25 3. Indigenous Peoples and People’s Organization ...... 26 4. Education ...... 26 5. Health and Sanitation ...... 27 6. Housing ...... 28 7. Income and Expenditure ...... 28 8. Tourism ...... 29 9. Commerce and Industry ...... 29 10. Electricity ...... 30 11. Communication ...... 30 12. Road and Transportation ...... 31 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ... 32 A. Pre-Construction ...... 34 1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation ...... 34 2. Identification and prioritization of road section where re-gravelling will be done ...... 34 3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work...... 34 4. Recruitment of workers ...... 34 B. Construction ...... 34 1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system ...... 34 2. Clearing and removal of obstructions ...... 35 3. Soil erosion ...... 35 4. Ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road ...... 35 5. Civil works (Concrete Pavement) ...... 36 6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure ...... 36 7. Dust and noise from borrow pits ...... 36 8. Implementation of spoil management and control measure ...... 36 9. Solid and liquid construction waste management system ...... 36 10. Water quality ...... 37 11. Construction drainage system...... 37 12. Workers health, safety and hygiene ...... 37 13. Traffic safety and management...... 38 14. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna) ...... 38 15. Damaged to properties ...... 38 16. Safety risks ...... 38 17. Public safety ...... 39 C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase ...... 39

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1. Operation of upgraded access road ...... 39 VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ...... 40 A. Stakeholder Consultations ...... 40 B. Information Disclosure ...... 42 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 43 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 44 A. Implementation Arrangements ...... 44 B. Environmental Mitigation ...... 45 C. Environmental Monitoring ...... 54 IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 57 A. Conclusion ...... 57 B. Recommendation ...... 58

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Location of the Proposed Rehabilitation of the Panghagban to Catigbian Road ...... 6 Figure 2: Location Map of the Danao Watershed ...... 13 Figure 3: Elevation Map of the Danao Watershed ...... 13 Figure 4: : Elevation and Slope of the Proposed Road Rehabilitation Project ...... 14 Figure 5: Geology Map of the Danao Watershed ...... 15 Figure 6: Soil Map of the Entire Danao Watershed ...... 16 Figure 7: Land Classification Map of the Buenavista, Bohol ...... 17 Figure 8: Land Use Map of Buenavista, Bohol ...... 18 Figure 9: Tropical Cyclone Tracks from 1944 - 2013 ...... 20 Figure 10: Projected monthly rainfall change under Medium-range Emission Scenario (A1B) in Tagbilaran City, Bohol ...... 21 Figure 11: Projected Change in Monthly Average Mean Temperature (°C) under Medium-range Emission Scenario (A1B) Tagbilaran City, Bohol ...... 22 Figure 12: Distribution of Watersheds in Bohol Province ...... 23 Figure 13: Distribution of health facilities in Buenavista, Bohol ...... 27 Figure 14: Road network in the Buenavista, Bohol ...... 31

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Summary List of ECP Types and ECA Categories ...... 3 Table 2: EIS and IEE Requirements for Road and Bridge Projects ...... 4 Table 3: Breakdown of cost estimates for the road rehabilitation project ...... 11 Table 4: Implementation Schedule ...... 12 Table 5: Monthly Mean Rainfall Based on Tagbilaran Weather Station (2004 - 2010) ...... 19 Table 6: Common Recorded Birds in Danao Watershed ...... 24 Table 7: Total Population, Households and Land Area, Influence Areas ...... 25 Table 8: Projected Population ...... 25 Table 9: Number of Senior Citizens and PWD ...... 25 Table 10: Population Density ...... 26 Table 11: Number of 10 Years Old and Above Who Cannot Read and Write ...... 26 Table 12. Schools in the Influence Areas ...... 27 Table 13: Household Informal Settlers ...... 28 Table 14: Revenue and Expenditure – Panghagban ...... 28 Table 15: Revenue and Expenditure – Catigbian ...... 29 Table 16: Employed Members of the Labor Force ...... 29 Table 17: Source of Electricity, Catigbian ...... 30 Table 18: Source of Electricity, Panghagban ...... 30 Table 19: Communications used in Buenavista ...... 31 Table 20: Assessment of Potential Environmental Impacts ...... 32 Table 21: Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Rehabilitation in Buenavista ...... 41 Table 22: Responsibilities for EMP Implementation ...... 44 Table 23: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan ...... 45

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LIST OF APPENDIXES

Appendix 1: Stakeholder Consultations ...... 59 Appendix 2: Barangay Resolution Allocating the Local Counterpart – Catigbian ...... 65 Appendix 3: PAWASA PO Resolution ...... 66 Appendix 4: CAWSA PO Resolution Endorsing INREMP ...... 67 Appendix 5: Sangguniang Bayan Resolutions ...... 68 Appendix 6: Barangay Resolution Allocating the Local Counterpart – Panghagban ...... 70 Appendix 7: Photographs of the Road Rehabilitation Project ...... 71 Appendix 8: Grievance Intake Form…………………………………………………………………..74

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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. This Initial Environmental Examination has been prepared for the Rehabilitation of Panghagban to Catigbian Road in Buenavista, Bohol. This Sub-project is the rehabilitation of the existing access road with an estimated length of 5.23 km, width of 4 m, and shoulder of one (1) meter on both sides. The main proponent of the project is the Local Government Unit of Buenavista, Bohol assisted by Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project. The project implementation will be co-managed by the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineer.

2. The objective of the Rehabilitation of Panghagban to Catigbian road is uplifting the quality of life of the people thru the provision of all-year-round easy and affordable access thereby improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities and conditions. The proposed access road will support the NRM project activities of the constituents.

3. The Sub-project has been categorized by ADB as Environment Category B and this IEE was prepared consistent with the environmental assessment requirements of ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement of 2009. The IEE was carried out through screening and analysis of various environmental parameters, field investigations, stakeholder consultations, and review of other road project reports in the Philippines. The IEE covers the general environmental profile of Buenavista rural infrastructure sub-project and includes an assessment of the potential environmental impacts during different sub-project phases and formulation of corresponding mitigation measures. The IEE was prepared by the LGU of Buenavista with the cooperation of RPCO, PMU, WMCO and POs.

4. The total cost of the subproject is Fourteen Million Pesos (PhP 14,000,000). The project funding source is majority coming from the DENR - INREMP and LGU with a cost sharing of 80% and 20%, respectively. It will be assumed that the benefits of the subproject will be the reduction of travel time by 15 minutes, transportation cost by 21.58%, increase number of trips by 20% and availability of infrastructure support for NRM projects and other agricultural livelihood projects of the community.

5. Major land use along the road rehabilitation project is agriculture which is part of production forest. None of the sub-project roads are located near or within ecologically sensitive areas.

6. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed rehabilitation of Panghagban to Catigbian road given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within existing right of way. There will only be localized short- term impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan.

7. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the Sub-project. A series of consultations with its two influenced barangays (Panghagban and Catigbian) of the local government of Buenavista confirmed that the rehabilitation of the Panghagban to Catigbian road is essential for economic development.

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8. A grievance redress mechanism will be established by the LGU of Buenavista prior to commencement of site works to ensure that complaints of affected persons and other stakeholders regarding the project’s environmental performance are promptly addressed.

9. The IEE includes an environmental management plan which details the mitigation measures, environmental monitoring activities, institutional responsibilities, and environmental management capacity building. The LGU through its Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineer will ensure that relevant EMP provisions are included in bid and contract documents for detailed design, project supervision and civil works. During construction, they will closely conduct monitoring the contractor’s environmental performance and over-all EMP implementation. Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by LGU to ADB and such reports will be posted on ADB’s website for public disclosure.

10. The major positive impact of the project will be economic and better accessibility. The sub- project will directly benefit people located within the two barangays providing improved access and economic development. In relation to the National Greening Program, the proposed road will traverse these twelve (12) NGP areas. The sub-project would also benefit the environment in terms of reduced soil erosion and landslides through slope stabilization measures and construction of retaining structures. Dust generation from the damaged roads will be reduced by the improvement of pavement. Health risk to the roadside communities and damage to the biological environment will be reduced due to pavement improvement and soil erosion control measures.

11. This Sub-project will have overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through implementation of the EMP.

II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Environmental Clearance Requirements

1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines

12. According to the EMB Memorandum Circular 005 - 2014, the environmental category of a project is decided based on the type of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Project’, ECP type), location of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Areas’, ECA category), and size of the project. A summary list of ECPs and ECA categories are presented in Table 1.

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Table 1: Summary List of ECP Types and ECA Categories

A. List of ECPs As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981) 1. Heavy Industries – Non-ferrous Metal Industries, Iron and Steel Mills, Petroleum and Petro- chemical Industries including Oil and Gas, Smelting Plants 2. Resource Extractive Industries – Major Mining and Quarrying Projects, Forestry Projects (logging, major wood processing projects, introduction of fauna (exotic animals) in public and private forests, forest occupancy, extraction of mangrove products, grazing), Fishery Projects (dikes for/ and fishpond development projects) 3. Infrastructure Projects – Major Dams, Major Power Plants (fossil-fueled, nuclear fueled, hydroelectric or geothermal), Major Reclamation Projects, Major Roads and Bridges As declared by Proclamation No. 803 (1996) 4. All golf course projects B. List of ECA Categories - As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981) 1. All areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, wildlife preserves, sanctuaries 2. Areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots 3. Areas which constitute the habitat of any endangered or threatened species of Philippine wildlife (flora and fauna) 4. Areas of unique historic, archaeological, or scientific interests 5. Areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural communities or tribes 6. Areas frequently visited and/or hard-hit by natural calamities (geologic hazards, floods, typhoons, volcanic activity, etc.) 7. Areas with critical slopes 8. Areas classified as prime agricultural lands 9. Recharged areas of aquifers 10. Water bodies characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: tapped for domestic purposes; within the controlled and/or protected areas declared by appropriate authorities; which support wildlife and fishery activities 11. Mangrove areas characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: with primary pristine and dense young growth; adjoining mouth of major river systems; near or adjacent to traditional productive fry or fishing grounds; areas which act as natural buffers against shore erosion, strong winds and storm floods; areas on which people are dependent for their livelihood. 12. Coral reefs characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: With 50% and above live coralline cover; Spawning and nursery grounds for fish; Act as natural breakwater of coastlines

13. Based on their type, size and location the projects have been classified into 3 major groups:

• Group I (ECPs): ECPs in either ECAs or NECAs – Environmentally Critical Projects in either Environmentally Critical Areas or Non-Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require the proponent to submit ‘Environmental Impact Statement’ report to secure ‘Environmental Compliance Certificate’ from DENR’s Environment Management Bureau (EMB). Table 2 gives the size of the road and bridge projects that fall in to Group 1. • Group II (NECPs): NECPS in ECAs – Non Environmentally Critical Projects in Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require proponent to submit either ‘Initial Environmental Examination’ Report or ‘Project Description Report ‘ based on the size of the project (see Table 2) to secure either ECC or ‘Certificate of Non Coverage’.

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• Group III (Non Covered Projects): NECPs in NECS – Non Environmentally Critical Projects in Non Environmentally Critical Areas. PDR required to be submitted for Enhancement Mitigation Projects for confirmation of benign nature of proposed activity, and CNC is required to be secured. All other projects shall be at the option of the proponent to prepare a PDR as a basis for CNC, should the proponent opt to secure one.

Table 2: EIS and IEE Requirements for Road and Bridge Projects

Project Type Project size EIA Report Type Required/Decision Document parameter Group I Group II Environmental Initial Environmental Project Description Impact Examination (IEE Report Report (PDR)/ CNC Statement (EIS)/ (IEER) or IEE Checklist ECC (IECC)/ ECC Bridges and Length >= 10 km >=80m but <=10 km Regardless of length viaducts new for foot bridges; < construction 80m for other bridges Roads, new Length with no critical >= 20km >= 2 km but <20km < 2 km construction slope or or or and widening Length with critical >=10km >=2km but <10km (including slope RO- RO facilities) Tunnels and Length >=10 km < 1 km sub-grade roads and railways

2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements

14. According to ADB guidelines, the process of determining a project’s environment category is to prepare a Rapid Environmental Assessment screening checklist, taking into account the type, size, and location of the proposed project. Based on ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009), a project is classified as one of the four (4) environmental categories (A, B, C or FI) as follows:

• Category A: Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment is required.

• Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. Impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required.

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• Category C: Projects likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications are still reviewed.

• Category FI: Projects are classified as category FI if they involve investment of funds to or through a financial intermediary. Where the FI’s investment have minimal or no adverse environmental risks. The FI project will be treated as Category C. All other FI’s must establish and maintain an environmental and social management system and must comply with the environmental safeguards requirements specified in SPS 2009 if the FI’s subprojects have the potential for significant adverse environmental impacts.

15. According to Philippines environmental guidelines, the Project or Sub-project can be considered as either under Group II or III while ADB has categorized the Project as environment Category B. Hence, this IEE has been prepared to meet the requirements of both the ADB and the government. Upon ADB’s receipt of the final IEE from the proponent, this will be publicly disclosed through posting on ADB’s website.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Overview

16. The general objective of the Rehabilitation of Panghagban to Catigbian road is uplifting the quality of life of the people thru the provision of all-year-round easy and affordable access thereby improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities and conditions. The proposed access road will support the national resources management project activities of the constituents.

17. To ensure accessibility of communities of basic social services delivery, repair and maintenance of roads, spillways and drainage systems are among the infrastructure concerns identified by the community and specifically expressed in their Barangay Development Plans for specific funding assistance by the local government unit.

18. In relation to the National Greening Program, the total plantation of Buenavista is 1,975 hectares covering the barangays of Bago, Bato, Catigbian, Cawag, Lubang, Lusong, Magkaya, Nueva Granada, Nueva Montana, Overland, Panghagban. In particular, the Panghagban NGP areas cover about 246 hectares while the Catigbian has planted roughly 287 hectares. The proposed road will traverse these twelve (12) NGP areas wherein the main products are timber, fuel wood and fruit trees.

B. Project Location

19. The Municipality of Buenavista is a fourth class municipality located in the northern part of the Bohol Island. It is part of the Danao Sub-Watershed of the Wahig-Inabanga River Basin, Province of Bohol, Region 7 (Central Visayas Region). One of the current major problems of the

5 municipality is the bad condition of several barangay roads. It was observed and validated that the barangay road particularly the Panghagban to Catigbian Road is in need of immediate rehabilitation.

20. The project is a rehabilitation of the existing barangay road with a length of 5.23 kilometers, width of 4 meters and shoulder of one (1) meter on both sides. The project starts at the provincial road at Barangay Panghagban and ends at the national road in Barangay Catigbian. The location of the project is shown in Figure 1.

21. Based on the environmental characterization of the project site done during the field reconnaissance survey, the project was not located in an environmentally critical area and the field data were supplemented with secondary information gathered from the DENR Regional Office and CENRO and other relevant data such as watershed management plan, environmental reports and feasibility studies undertaken by national and local agencies.

Figure 1: Location of the Proposed Rehabilitation of the Panghagban to Catigbian Road

C. Project Rationale

22. The existing road located at barangay Panghagban was constructed in 1980 with the initiative of the municipal government while the road connection to barangay Catigbian was reopened in 2010 with the assistance of National Irrigation Administration (NIA) Regional Office. Currently, the people living in these barangays are using the said road to transport their farm produce to the market but they are faced with the challenge in mobility and accessibility to goods

6 and services for their own consumption. Women who are the main seller and trader of the farm produce of their family transport their products to the market using motorcycles with a higher fare or walking to the municipal road. Children from the two (2) barangays and from the neighboring towns who are going to school every day are also using the existing road. Senior citizens, persons with disability (PWDs), the riding public and people with health problems going to the basic public services like health centers, hospital, barangay halls, municipal hall, police stations and etc. are also using the existing road.

23. The main livelihood of the community within the influenced barangay is farming. However, these activities are very much affected by the poor condition of the road. During rainy season, the road becomes muddy and hardly passable. Based on the data above, health is an issue and they need access to more additional health services. The transport condition also makes the fare rates high so people tend to get their basic needs from unscrupulous businessmen engaged in trading or middlemen in the area. Also, quality of farm produce transported to the main market will be low if the road is rough. The lack of access also deprives them of the ability to take advantage of job opportunities.

24. During a series of consultations with the municipal and barangay officials, the major problem identified by the community was the poor access road. The farmers were forced to sell their agricultural products to the traders who came into the area at low price they dictate to the farmers and deal with higher cost of transportation and hauling if they sell them to the market.

25. There will be many opportunities that this rehabilitated access road will bring foremost of which will be the ease of access. There will be additional income of the farmers brought by less time in transporting their produce and finish products, the increase of enrolment of high school students from barangays Panghagban and Catigbian, the decrease of maternal and infant mortality rate due to the increase of frequency of health personnel going to the area, and the decrease of transportation fare rates due to the reduction of vehicular operating cost. Other potential livelihoods that will emerge are backyard poultry and/or piggery, commercial high value crops and support tourism related activities to neighboring barangays. Farmer’s produce (corn, rice, root crops and vegetables), including coconut production, will surely increase because the production area will be maximized due to easy access of production inputs. These mentioned potentials will result to increase of family income by 15%.

26. Direct employment during the construction will increase. Labor, skilled and unskilled, will be from the two (2) barangays and women can also be employed. It may address some of the poverty situation as it decreases costs and prices and enhances trade and employment opportunities. Transportation indirectly alleviates poverty. The lack of access deprives them of the ability to take advantage of job opportunities and even of very basic social services. Reliable access to schools and health services for the poor contributes directly to their accumulation of human capital, which is a key factor in sustainable poverty alleviation in as much as jobs and basic social services are relatively highly valued by the poor. Thus, improvements in road transport, public or private, in Panghagban to Catigbian road would have powerful positive effects on the poorer parts of the population.

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D. Project Development Plan

1. Project Components

27. The scope of works of the road rehabilitation are the following:

1. Gravelling of road; 2. Provision of RCPC cross drains; 3. Provision of concrete pavement with a total length of 1,489 m; and 4. Construction of spillway.

28. The 4,072 meters surface re-gravelling in Barangay Panghagban will start from Sta. 00+000 and will continue to the areas that only need gravel road. The average thickness of surface aggregate to be placed shall be 0.20m on the existing 4 meter-wide barangay road. Placing of surface aggregates shall conform to the requirement of the road during the construction date to achieve standard road level and stability.

29. Spillway construction at station 2+300 will have a dimension of 0.15m x 1.5m x 8.00m will include concrete works/foundation footings, concrete pipe installation/plastering and side concrete plaster.

30. The installation of RCPC Cross Drainage at Sta.’s 3+272/3+990 and Sta. 00+240 in Panghagban will be made-up of Reinforced Concrete (RC) and stone masonry. The scope shall include graveled road approaches at both ends. The height to be achieved on center of the RCBC shall conform with the existing level of the road going to the approach.

31. The stations 0+200-0+400, 0+540-0+790, 2+150-2+290, 2+240-2+340, 2+318- 2+458, 2+500-2+600, 3+00-3+150, 4+670-4+741,4+206-4+323, 4+430-4+540 and 5+100-5+231 requires additional concrete pavement because it is mostly rolling with some critical sections. The average thickness of surface to be placed shall be 6 inches or 150mm on a 6 meter-wide barangay road and 1,489 meters. The rehabilitation will also follow the standards to ensure its sustainability and stability.

32. The provision or construction of spillway at Panghagban is at Sta. 2+308 and will be made-up of Reinforced Concrete and stone masonry. The scope shall also include graveled road approaches at both ends. The spillway including the approaches shall have a continuing width of 6 meters and approximate total length of 15.00 meters.

33. The following are the major technical specifications of the project:

Clearing and removal of obstructions

This item shall consist of clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing all debris as designated in the contract, except those objects that are designated to remain in place or are to be removed in consonance with other provisions of this specification. The work shall be based on the existing road alignment and no road widening component. The removal of trees and other improvements will be unnecessary since no trees, crops and other assets encroachment at the easement and right of way of the road.

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Construction of reinforced concrete cross drainage and spillway

This item shall consist of structure excavations, concrete works, reinforcing steel works, and diversion works, fill and backfill with compaction and grouted riprap.

Concrete paving

This item shall consist of concreting works on a rolling with some critical sections. The average thickness of surface to be placed shall be 6 inches or 150mm on a 6 meter-wide barangay road and 1,489 meters length.

Roadway gravelling

This item shall consist of furnishing, placing and compacting aggregate base course on a prepared grade in accordance with this Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades, and typical cross sections shown on the plans.

2. Description of the Project Phases

a. Pre-Construction Phase/Pre-Development Phase

34. The pre-construction phase involves the social preparation (to include organizational strengthening, planning, identification and prioritization of community needs) of the community for the entry of the project to the site, conduct of pre-engineering activities covering detailed survey works to determine alignment of roads and canal systems, preparation of the detailed engineering plans and programs of work, ROW negotiation, recruitment of work force and initial sourcing and procurement of construction materials. These activities will be conducted by the proponent technical staff, partner line agencies, NGO service providers, community beneficiaries especially the Peoples’ organizations and contractors.

35. The LGU is presently applying for the Special Land Use Permit from DENR while securing the Certificate of Non-Coverage is already applied online from EMB.

b. Construction/Development Phase

36. The construction phase involves the mobilization of construction equipment, construction workers and materials to the specific project site after which the longer period of actual construction work will commence. The construction phase will end with the demobilization of construction equipment, workers and other construction paraphernalia from the construction site. Majority of these activities will be undertaken by the contractor and community residents under the close supervision of the Sub-Project Management Unit.

c. Operation Phase and Maintenance Phase

37. The operation and maintenance phase involves the actual maintenance of the rehabilitated access road during its expected economic life. This will involve

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the designation a spoils storage area of at least 25 meters away from water bodies for proper disposal of excavated materials, wetting areas of dust sources along vehicle route, and regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals.

d. Abandonment Phase

38. This phase is included in the project demobilization. The proponent does not intend to abandon any facilities and unserviceable equipment used during construction. The project location will not be abandoned in disorderly condition but instead restored for functional use. Following the completion of the construction, the proponent will dismantle temporary shelters and the construction yard including unserviceable vehicles and equipment.

39. Wastes arising from the abandonment are expected to be minimal. These wastes could include small volumes of left over sand and gravel, re-bars and other steel materials (i.e., nails and welding roads) and lumber.

E. Manpower Requirements

40. Construction activities will require hiring of skilled and unskilled manpower. It is assumed that some skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manpower will be available in the area. Skilled manpower not available in the locality may be sourced from other nearby localities. Technical manpower will be a complementation of specialists to be provided by locally known engineering firms.

41. During the construction phase, a workforce consisting of contractual and regular laborers will be employed to carry out the construction of the proposed project.

42. The Contractor shall employ qualified and sufficient staff to carry out inspections, testing and monitoring for the project.

F. Project Cost

43. The Subproject Cost as estimated has the total amount of PhP 14,000,000 which includes the costs for the indirect cost and taxes aside from the direct cost (material + labor + equipment). Said direct cost has the amount of PhP 10,718,441. The overhead, contingencies and miscellaneous and contractor’s (OMC) profit will be 9% and 8% of the direct cost, respectively. Taxes will be in the fixed ratio of 12% as required by the government.

44. Following the agreed financing mix of the subproject, 80% of the total Subproject Cost as presented will be covered by the Project and the remaining 20% will be borne by the proponent LGU-Buenavita as equity counterpart which will be appropriated by the Sangguniang Bayan (SB) from the Municipal Development Fund. The amount of equity counterpart based from the presented subproject cost above is PhP 2,800,000.

45. The estimated cost of the proposed sub-project is Fourteen Million Pesos (PhP 14,000,000).

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Breakdown of cost estimates is presented in Table 3.

Table 3: Breakdown of cost estimates for the road rehabilitation project

Description Amount (PhP) Percentage (%) Material costs 7,147,285.00 48.65 Equipment costs 2,597,806.00 19.60 Labor costs 973,350.00 7.45 OCM 951,334.65 6.81 Profit 845,630.80 6.06 Tax 1,484,593.55 10.63 Total Project Costs 14,000,000.00 100.00 Grant 11,200,000.00 80 Equity 2,800,000.00 20

46. The source of fund for the project will come from National Government and Local Government Unit with a cost sharing of 80% and 20% respectively. The total project costs of PhP 14,000,000 will be utilized for direct cost (materials, equipment and labor) with the amount of PhP 10,718,441.05, indirect cost (contractor’s’ profit and OCM) of PhP 1,796,965.40 and PhP 1,484,593.55 for taxes.

47. The Local Government of Buenavista has the capacity to provide counterpart for INREMP RI. During the budgeting for 2016, the LGU has allocated a total of PhP 2,000,000.00 from its 2016 Local Development Fund and the concerned barangays has contributed PhP 500,000.00 as counterpart for the subproject.

48. Aside from the equity counterpart provided by the LGU of Buenavista for the subproject, they also allocated some amount intended for the preparation of the project such as seminars, preparation of feasibility study (or subproject proposal document) and detailed engineering, survey of the project site and some evaluation by the personnel from different sectors who are involved in the implementation of the subproject.

G. Project Duration and Schedule

49. Timetable for the sub-project implementation is expected to reach a total of 365 calendar days. It is projected that the preparation of Detail Engineering Design (DED) will also be completed by end of June 2017. After the DED is translated into standard bidding document (SBD), procurement activities for civil works is projected to proceed, starting July through national competitive bidding (NCB).Advertisement, opening of bids, bid evaluation and award of contract is expected to take at least 28 days.

50. Rehabilitation period is estimated to cover 365 calendar days. Physical completion, including the completion of documentary requirements, is expected by end of June 2018. The matrix below shows the major stages of implementation and respective timeline (Table 4).

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Table 4: Implementation Schedule

Duration (Months) Activities 2017 2018 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Component 1: Pre Implementation Phase 1. Site Validation 2. Preparation & submission of all required documents 3. Project Proposal Approval 4. DED 5. Procurement Process 6. Construction 7. Completion Component 3: Project Monitoring and Evaluation 1. Post Implementation 2. Monitoring

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

51. Danao watershed is one of the four watersheds of Wahig-Inabanga River Basin (Figure 2). It covers a total area of 13,402 hectares or 21.34 % of the URB and 3.25% of the province of Bohol’s total land area. It is located in the northern part of the province encompassing the rolling to hilly areas of the municipality of Danao with 30 barangays, as well as portions of the municipalities of Buenavista with six (6) barangays; Trinidad with two (2) barangays; Dagohoy with three (3) barangays; and San Miguel, Talibon and Getafe with one (1) barangay each.

A. Elevation and Slope

52. The elevation of Danao watershed averages 124 meters above sea level (m asl) and ranges from 0 m asl to 360 m asl, the highest sections lying within the uplands of Buenavista (Figure 3). Of these the elevation ranges from 100-200 meters above sea level comprised the largest with 9,832 ha. The highest elevation range of 300-400 m asl is found in Lusong, Buenavista. Approximately 5,190 ha (39%) of the total watershed area have slope gradients of 18-30% and covering the municipalities of Danao and Trinidad. Slope gradients of 30-50% and above 50% are accounted for 7% each with a total area of 877 ha and 911 ha, respectively. These areas generally cover the remaining hilly to mountainous areas within a watershed.

53. In particular, the proposed rehabilitation of Panghagban to Catigbian road has an elevation ranging from 145 to 251 m asl with an average slope ranges from 5.4% to 7.0%. Details are shown in Figure 4.

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Figure 2: Location Map of the Danao Watershed

Figure 3: Elevation Map of the Danao Watershed

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Figure 4: : Elevation and Slope of the Proposed Road Rehabilitation Project

B. Geology

54. The entire land area of the Danao watershed consists of five (4) types of rock formation namely; Undifferentiated Andesite and basalt lava flows, Carmen Formation, Maribojoc Limestone and Talibon Diorite (Figure 5). It is dominated by Undifferentiated Andesite and basalt lava flows with 9,455 hectares.

55. The following are the description of the geologic formation in Danao Watershed:

Undifferentiated Andesite, basalt lava flows. Undifferentiated Andesite are closely related and or similar to Ubay Volcanics (BOHOL) hence its formation and composition are similar. Ubay Volcanic is a thick extensive, basaltic to Andesite flows mostly sheared, interbedded and/or intercalated in places with clastic rocks. Fissured basalt normally has high permeability and good groundwater development potential.

Carmen Formation. The Carmen Formation is distributed mainly in the eastern part of Bohol occupying 30 to 40 percent of the total island area. This low dipping thick sedimentary sequence is essentially composed of shale, sandstone, slabby to massive limestone, conglomerate, siltstone, marl and some Tuffaceous and siliceous facies. The conglomerate of this formation occurs around Dimiao, the southern coast and along Tanguhay River. This formation has a low groundwater potential which primarily provides water for Level 1 systems.

Maribojoc Limestone. The Maribojoc Limestone is found extensively in the western part of Bohol. It is mainly massive or lagoonal limestone and creamy to brownish yellow. It is

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also coralline, porous and in some places marly or agglomeratic. The rock resembles the Carcar Formation of Cebu. Bedding planes are generally flat though poorly bedded. It is more likely that it was formed either after the deposition of the Sierra Bullones Limestone during Late Miocene, or after the Jagna Andesite activity (Sajona et al. 1986).

Talibon Diorite. Talibon Diorite consists of quartz, feldspar and biotite intruded into the metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks producing hydrothermal alteration along the contacts. These rocks have poor groundwater potential; however, water for domestic use in rural areas can be obtained from weathered zone thru dug wells.

Figure 5: Geology Map of the Danao Watershed

C. Soils

56. There are four soil types in Danao watershed, namely Ubay Clay, Ubay Clay Loam, Batuan Faraon Complex and Annam Clay (Figure 6). These types of soil can be considered as agricultural soil. These soil types of are best for corn and vegetable production. However, depending on the slope, elevations and land cover their fertility may vary from one place to another. Fruit trees, Coffee, Cacao Coconut, Camote, Cassava, Bananas and many other crops are grown in this soil with fair to high yields being obtained.

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Figure 6: Soil Map of the Entire Danao Watershed

D. Water Quality

57. The proposed rehabilitation of the Panghagban to Catigbian road is passing across the Cang-aga River which is one of the tributaries in Danao Watershed. In general, the Danao Watershed was classified as Class D water. A Class D intended beneficial use is navigable water. The classification also takes into consideration the component of water quality management since the application of effluent standards are dependent on this classification. The water quality characteristics of the Danao Watershed are described based on guidelines indicated in DAO No. 8 Series of 2016 as follows:

• The Danao Watershed mean temperature is 27°C which indicates that the water in the watershed is within the normal range for surface water. • Average pH value of 8.08 taken from different monitoring points showed that the water quality of Danao watershed conformed to the standard set by DENR. • The result of conductivity in Danao watershed has an average value of 0.49 µS/cm, which means minimum concentration of electrolyte ions or has low conductivity. • The average salinity was 2.32 ppt which indicates that the water in the watershed has low salinity. • Total Dissolved Solids show low levels of dissolved solids compared to the standard set by DENR which is 1000 mg/L. This result is in conformity with the prescribed standard of DENR. • The result of the Chemical Oxygen Demand in Danao Watershed has the average value of 18 mg/L. The DENR does not have a guideline value for chemical oxygen demand. • The water in the watershed has a low value of Calcium (Ca, mg/L). • The watershed has a low value of Nitrate-N. • The Danao Watershed is below the set standard for total phosphate. • The Danao Watershed has a value of 0.01 to 0.02 phosphate which is below to the set standard.

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• Amount of Nitrate average is 0.47 which indicate that the water in the watershed has a low value of Nitrate-N. • Fecal coliform in Danao watershed from existing monitoring stations has a value of 4.8x102 Most Probable Number (MPN) in station 1, 1.1x102 MPN in station 2, 1.6x104 MPN in station 3, 9.2x103 in station 4, and 1.6x104 MPN in station 5.

E. Land Classification

58. A large portion of the total area is forest land consisting of 5,680.60 hectares (54.68%), protected areas of 697.89 hectares (6.72%), unclassified land is 43.93 hectares (0.42%) and the remaining 3,966.47 hectares (38.18%) are classified as alienable and disposable land.

59. The nine (9) barangays namely Magkaya, Cawag, Overland, Nueva Montana, Lubang, Lusong, Nueva Granada, Panghagban and Catigbian are classified as forestlands while the rests are alienable and disposable lands, unclassified and protected areas. Figure 7 shows the land classification of the influence barangays.

Figure 7: Land Classification Map of the Buenavista, Bohol

F. Land Cover and Land Use

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60. The land-use and forest cover of Danao Watershed has been identified per municipality to determine areas that need interventions. Based on the land-use map from the Bureau of Soil and Water Management (BSWM), the watershed is composed of six (6) types of land-use which include agriculture; built-up, forest, grass, protection and production areas (Figure 8). In Buenavista, about 2,490 ha are considered production forest. However, in the influence land areas are utilized for protection and production forest. Some are covered by NGP projects. The major crops grown in the influence barangays include irrigated and rainfed rice, corn, coconut, mango, banana and oil palm.

61. The proposed road rehabilitation project is traversing within the agricultural lands, grassland, and forest land. However, it must be noted that the road rehabilitation is based on the existing road access and no vegetation and other crops are affected during the construction.

62. Below is the map showing the land uses of the influence barangays.

Figure 8: Land Use Map of Buenavista, Bohol

G. Climate

1. Baseline Climate

63. Based on Modified Corona’s Classification System, the area has a Type IV climate, which is characterized by more or less evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year (Agpaoa et al. 1975). The climate is influenced by southwest originating monsoons, and is relatively dry from March to May. The wet season is from June to December with mean monthly rainfall averaging about 30 mm to 305 mm. The wettest months are October and November.

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64. Atmospheric temperature observations for Bohol are obtained from PAGASA’s synoptic station in Tagbilaran City. The Tagbilaran City’s climate datasets extended their influences within the Buenavista municipality covered in the Wahig-Inabanga Watershed.

65. Data sets made available were hydro-meteorological variables on rainfall or precipitation and temperatures by monthly average for the 30-year period 1971-2000 as the observed or current baseline as well as the future projections under a medium-range emission scenario for periods of 2020 (base year 2006-2035) and 2050 (base year 2036 – 2065). Likewise, data on daily rainfall from 2004 - 2010 from PAGASA Tagbilaran, based on the CNM3 model with A1 and A2 scenarios was likewise obtained.

66. Using basic hydro-meteorologic indicators, the climate profile of the four LGUs can thus be described as follows:

a. Rainfall

PAGASA data, the observed mean daily rainfall (average of all values) based on the period from 1971 to 2000 range from 68.2 mm to 183 mm. The driest months are from February to May with average rainfall of 72.5 mm while the wettest months are from September to December, with an average rainfall of 156.2 mm. The average annual rainfall for 1971 to 2000 is 1,357.6 mm.

The latest rainfall data summarized from the daily rainfall records obtained show a decreasing rainfall pattern in 2004 to 2005 (Table 5). From 2006 however, there is increasing rainfall trend with unusually high rainfall level in year 2008 at 2,273 mm, before tapering down in 2009. One typhoon made a direct hit in June 2008, attributing to June the highest rainfall level in that year. Nevertheless, the months from January to March of the same year gave the area unusually high levels of rainfall ranging from 202.8 mm to 264.7 mm.

Table 5: Monthly Mean Rainfall Based on Tagbilaran Weather Station (2004 - 2010)

Year/Mo 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Avg Min Max JAN 64.4 26.2 95.7 185.5 264.7 67.1 100.4 114.9 26.2 264.7 FEB 97.7 1.3 130.7 25.1 202.8 190.3 20.9 95.5 1.3 202.8 MAR 79.3 78.8 183.6 31.8 236.5 160.8 31.2 114.6 31.2 236.5 APR 12.4 60.1 41.5 26.2 107.1 174.6 89.5 73.1 12.4 174.6 MAY 185.5 42.9 66.8 124.1 179.2 113 47.3 108.4 42.9 185.5 JUN 148 137.5 125 244.1 294 163.2 148.8 180.1 125 294 JUL 116.6 133.1 103.6 141.3 155.3 116.5 164.3 133.0 103.6 164.3 AUG 109.4 129.5 111.5 50.5 241 30.6 137.8 115.8 30.6 241 SEP 109.4 81.3 72.6 154.2 131.1 74.2 206.5 118.5 72.6 206.5 OCT 102.1 92.5 140.5 214.6 176.2 22.7 305.1 150.5 22.7 305.1 NOV 111.5 204.7 170 161.3 120.9 294.6 140.6 171.9 111.5 294.6 DEC 73.2 269.6 157.9 170.4 164.3 56.6 282.6 167.8 56.6 282.6 Total 1,210 1,258 1,399 1,529 2,273 1,464 1,675 1,544

Bohol is not frequently visited by typhoons or cyclones. However, more recent tropical cyclone occurrences are more intense and slightly clustered in the central Philippines. Tracking of tropical cyclones from 1900 to 2013 (Figure 9) reflects this

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observation and likewise busted the myth that Mindanao never experienced any tropical cyclone before the most recent years.

Figure 9: Tropical Cyclone Tracks from 1944 - 2013

b. Temperature and Relative Humidity

The monthly mean air temperatures range from 26.5 ˚C to 28.7 ˚C, based recorded temperatures for the years from 1971 to 2000 (observed scenario). The annual average temperature is 27.7 ˚C, indicative of a fairly uniform temperature throughout the year. In the watershed, the air temperature can be considered low due to the mountains, the alignment of the area and the prevailing winds that tend to reduce the movement of warm air from the sea, promoting outflow from the watershed. The mean annual relative humidity recorded is 81.3% with monthly averages varying between 78 and 85%. Higher humidity is experienced from December to March.

2. Climate Scenario for Bohol in 2020 and 2050

67. The projected future changes in temperature and rainfall in 2020 and 2050 using data prepared by the PAGASA using the PRECIS model. In that assessment, the medium- range scenarios are within a planning horizon of up to 2050. Outputs of the model under

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the A1B and A2 scenarios will only diverge after 2050 due to the long lifetimes of the greenhouse gases. The outputs of the model runs for the observed monthly, and changes in the monthly rainfall both in 2020 and 2050 based on climate scenarios.

a. Rainfall

68. Figure 10 presents the projected change in monthly average rainfall (mm) under the medium-range emission scenario (A1B) in 2020 and 2050. Projected change anomalies were estimated as the difference from current or future periodic monthly average precipitation to the observed baseline period (1971-2000) monthly average precipitation values. The A1B scenario showed an overall increasing trend in the monthly precipitation particularly in June and December while consistently decreasing trend was noted during the months of January to April. In particular, the monthly precipitation fluctuated from month to month. However, the most distinct changes were predicted to be in the 2050s period where the month of October had indicated a potential increase of approximately 44 percent from the baseline precipitation period while noticeably decreased for the duration of January to April (up to -42%). The variability of the amount of precipitation is mainly attributed to the shorter dry-spell length during dry seasons. In effect, the dry season tends to become drier, while the wet season becomes wetter.

Figure 10: Projected monthly rainfall change under Medium-range Emission Scenario (A1B) in Tagbilaran City, Bohol

b. Temperature

69. The projected change anomalies of mean temperature in the future estimated an increase of +0.8 °C (the present condition) up to +2.4 °C by the end of 2050s. The results revealed differences in temperature changes that are larger from the 2050s period. The increase in local-mean temperatures is between +0.8 to +1.2 °C in 2050s.

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70. For temperature, Figures 11 shows the projected mean temperature scenarios based on the Tagbilaran weather station in the area.

Figure 11: Projected Change in Monthly Average Mean Temperature (°C) under Medium- range Emission Scenario (A1B) Tagbilaran City, Bohol

H. Hydrology

71. Six (6) barangays of Buenavista namely Nueva Montana, Lubang, Lusong, Nueva Granada, Panghagban and Catigbian are part of the Wahig Inabanga watershed. There are also four (4) springs that can be found in Panghagban and Catigbian (Figure 12).

I. Natural Hazards

72. There were only five typhoons/tropical storms that almost or directly crossed the path across the province since 1991. The latest two of which – tropical storms Seniang and Queenie (international names Jangmi and Sinlaku, respectively) both occurring in 2014 are most remembered due the extent of additional damage inflicted on the province after the devastating earthquake of 2013. Nevertheless, stronger typhoons affected the province and the five municipalities even if these were not within the vicinity of the province. These are typhoons/tropical storms either crossing from the Samar area and directly hitting Cebu and the western provinces or were over the northern Mindanao area, thereby affecting Bohol. Most notable of these are typhoon Nona (Melor, 2015), super typhoons Yolanda (Haiyan, 2013) and Pablo (Bopha, 2012), severe tropical storms Sendong (Washi, 2011) and Frank (Fengshen, 2008). Around 75% of these typhoons, especially the most devastating ones occurred in the last quarter of the year, notably November and December.

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Figure 12: Distribution of Watersheds in Bohol Province

J. Biological Environment

1. Flora

73. The province of Bohol has an estimated remaining forest cover of 9 % of its total land area. Natural forests in the province are still evident. However, flora of the families Dipterocarpaceae, Fabaceae (Leguminosae) and Verbenaceae are becoming very rare. This is exemplified by the short supply of Bohol’s molave or “tugas”. It is alarming that there are young people who have never seen premium hardwood species that were previously abundant.

74. Within Danao watershed, apitong (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus) of Dipterocarpaceae family is significantly present in the area. Remaining stands had successfully grown in the area with large diameter including pole size and saplings.

75. The common reforestation species used in the province are yemane (Gmelina arborea), large leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), small-leaf mahogany (Swietenia microphylla), teak (Tectona grandis), auri (Acacia auricularformis) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp).

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76. Overall, there are no trees and crops at the easement and right of way on the proposed road rehabilitation project. It must also be noted that there are no endangered and critically endangered species of flora in the project area and even within its impact zone.

2. Fauna

77. A total of nine (9) species of birds with 89 individuals belonging to seven (7) families were found in the watershed (BISU 2013). Of all the species the brown shrike (L. cristatus) had the highest percentage and 50% of the species caught are endemic to the Philippines, namely: Alcedo argentata, Phapitreron leucotis, Nectarinia jagularis, Pycnonotus goiavier and Hypsipetes philippinus. The distribution of recorded birds in Danao Watershed is presented in Table 6. It must be noted that there are no endangered and critically endangered species of fauna within the proposed road rehabilitation project and even in its impact zone.

Table 6: Common Recorded Birds in Danao Watershed

No. of Family Name Scientific Name Common Name Individuals Alcedinidae Alcedo argentata Silvery Kingfisher 3 Alcedinidae Halcyon chloris White-collared Kingfisher 10

Columbidae Phapitreron leucotis White-eared Brown Dove 12

Laniidae Lanius cristatus Brown Shrike 18

Nectariniidae Nectarinia jugularis Olive-backed Sunbird 13

Pycnonotidae Pycnontus goiavier Yellow-vented bulbul 10

Pycnonotidae Hypsipetes philippinus Philippine Bulbul 8

Turdidae Capsychus saularis OrientalMagpie Robin 3

K. Socio-Economic Conditions

1. Population

78. The Municipality has a total population of 27,261 as of the 2015 census of the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) with a growth rate of 2.64% based on the data from the years 2010-2015.

79. In the influence areas of Panghagban and Catigbian, there are 318 households with a total population of 2,453. Catigbian has an almost equal number of males and females while Panghagban has 53.1% males and 46.9% females (Table 7).

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Table 7: Total Population, Households and Land Area, Influence Areas

Population Barangay Household Land area Total Male Female Panghagban 688 365 323 186 611.14 Catigbian 1765 539 538 132 455.6 Total 2453 904 861 318 1066.74 Source: CBMS 2015

80. Population growth rate of the two influence barangays is 2.57% based on the data of 2015 and 2016 data. An estimated population of 2,063 is expected in the year 2021 (Table 8).

Table 8: Projected Population

Base Year Population Barangay (2015) 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Catigbian 688 706 725 744 764 784 804 Panghagban 1,077 1,105 1,135 1,165 1,195 1,227 1,259 Source CBMS 2015

81. There are a total of 92 (5.08%) senior citizens and 2 (0.1%) persons with disabilities living in the influence barangays (Table 9). These are two of the vulnerable sectors that can be affected when the project is implemented. The proponent ensures that this sector will not be adversely affected during the implementation of the project.

Table 9: Number of Senior Citizens and PWD

Persons With Disability (PWD) Number of Senior Citizens Barangay Magnitude Magnitude Total Male Female Total Male Female Catigbian 1 0 1 58 33 25 Panghagban 1 0 1 33 15 18 TOTAL 2 0 2 92 48 43 Source: CBMS 2015

2. Population Density

82. With the population of 27,261 in 2015 and land area of 10,388.89, the overall population density of the municipality is 2.62 person per hectare. On the other hand, the two (2) barangays have an average population density of 2.0 persons per hectare based on the total population of 1,765 and a total land area of 1066.74 (Table 10).

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Table 10: Population Density

Barangay Population Land area Density Total Male Female Panghagban 688 365 323 611.14 1 Catigbian 1765 539 538 455.6 4 Total 2453 904 861 1066.74 2 Source: CBMS 2015

3. Indigenous Peoples and People’s Organization

83. There are no indigenous people present in the community of the proposed sub- project. In the influence areas, there are organized people’s organizations particularly the Nagkahiusang Mag-uuma sa Panghagban (NAGMAPA), Panghagban Waterworks and Sanitation Association (PAWASA), Panghagban Women’s Association, Catigbian Waterworks and Sanitation Association (CAWASA) and PWD sectors.

4. Education

84. The town has 30 elementary schools, four (4) secondary schools and one (1) collegiate school. One of the secondary schools is found in Panghagban, Buenavista, Bohol. It has an estimated 200 students coming from different barangays of Buenavista and the neighboring towns of Danao and Sagbayan. The Buenavista Community College in Cangawa is an LGU- managed collegiate school with an estimated enrolment of more than 1000 students.

85. Based on the 2014-2015 CBMS data, a big majority (95%) of the population in the influence barangays can read and write (Table 11).

Table 11: Number of 10 Years Old and Above Who Cannot Read and Write

Illiterate Persons 10 Years Old Number of Persons 10 Years Old and and Above Barangay Above Magnitude Total Male Female Total Male Female Catigbian 498 271 227 21 13 8 Panghagban 399 204 195 20 11 9 TOTAL 897 475 422 41 24 17 Source: CBMS 2015

86. Table 12 shows the schools found within the influence areas.

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Table 12. Schools in the Influence Areas

School Barangay Area Occupied Ownership Catigbian Elementary Catigbian 5000 sq m Public Panghagban Elementary Panghagban 1 hectare Public Panghagban High School Panghagban 1 hectare Public Source: Deped 2016

5. Health and Sanitation

87. There are no hospitals in the municipality. The Rural Health Unit (RHU) serves as the center for health services. There are also seven functional birthing centers located in barangays Poblacion, Cantomugcad, Panghagban, Lubang, Overland, Bantuan and Cabul-an Island (Figure 12).

Figure 13: Distribution of health facilities in Buenavista, Bohol

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6. Housing

88. Most of the families in the influence area are living in comfortable houses. There are only three (3) households in Barangay Panghagban and Catigbian with makeshift houses.

89. There are eight (8) households who are informal settlers in Catigbian, Bohol. The informal settlers are not found near the project site and they will be not affected when the project is implemented (Table 13).

Table 13: Household Informal Settlers

number of households who are informal settlers Barangay households Magnitude Proportion Catigbian 132 8 6.06% Panghagban 186 0 0 TOTAL 318 8 2.52% Source: CBMS 2015

7. Income and Expenditure

90. There are two sources of revenue in these barangays. One is the Local income from Local taxes, real estate taxes, etc. The other one is from the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA). As of 2015, the two barangays have aggregate revenues of more than one million pesos. Panghagban had a 25% from 2013 to 2015 while Catigbian had an increase of 27%. Tables 14 and 15 show the revenue and expenditure of Panghagban and Catigbian. Panghaban had a budget deficit of more than Php 50,000 in 2013 while Catigbian had a deficit of Php 95,000 in 2015.

91. The two influence barangays has an average annual income of PhP 78,015.26 per household or a monthly average of PhP 6,501.27 per household.

Table 14: Revenue and Expenditure – Panghagban

Panghagban Year Revenue Expenditure Percentage Surplus/Excess 2013 1,094,783 1,146,642 105% ( 51,858.86 ) 2014 1,205,243 1,116,054 93% 89,189.00 2015 1,369,098 1,340,663 98% 28,435.23 Source: Municipal Budget Office

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Table 15: Revenue and Expenditure – Catigbian

Catigbian Year Revenue Expenditure Percentage Surplus/Excess 2013 869,323.8 851,268.5 98% 18,055.26 2014 986,779.4 954,911.2 97% 31,868.19 2015 1,118,548 1,213,848 109% ( 95,300.52 ) Source: Municipal Budget Office

8. Tourism

92. The LGU has an existing Ecotourism activity which includes the Cambuhat River and Village Tour (CRVT) managed by the community in coordination with the Municipal Ecotourism Office located at Dait, Buenavista, Bohol. There are identified ecotourism potentials in the upland areas including the influences. These are mountain resorts, trekking and other suitable tourism activities. The project site is one alternative route to reach the potential ecotourism sites identified by the LGU.

9. Commerce and Industry

93. In the municipality of Buenavista, the residents are engaged in motor service driving, micro-enterprise such as raffia making and handicrafts, livestock raising and fishing. On the other hand, the influence area is predominantly devoted to agriculture with farming and livestock production as major sources of income (Table 16). In Panghagban, 85% of the total households are engaged in livestock mostly raising swine and carabaos.

94. The agricultural land includes areas for crop production, tree plantations, and pastures. The entire area is classified as timberland with some areas used as built-up area for settlement and other government facilities.

Table 16: Employed Members of the Labor Force

Number of members of the Employed members of the labour force Barangay labour force Magnitude Total Male Female Total Male Female Catigbian 203 150 53 188 143 45 Panghagban 202 129 73 198 127 71 Source: CBMS 2015

95. The municipality has 4 operating markets. One of these markets is in barangay Panghagban with an area of 162 sq. mt. However, residents of the area opt to sell part of their produce in the main market at Hunan, Buenavista because there are more buyers there and they can sell their products at a high cost.

96. There are retail stores in barangays Panghagban and Catigbian. For start-up capital, there are individuals who lend out money for small livelihood or business enterprise.

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10. Electricity

97. Most of the households including those in the upland barangays have electric connection provided by the Bohol Electric Company (BOHECO) II. Panghagban and Catigbian have a total of 146 household or 27% with no electric connection yet (Tables 17 and 18).

Table 17: Source of Electricity, Catigbian

Number of Households Source of Electricity Barangay With Access To Electricity Magnitude Proportion Catigbian 132 electric company 86 62.32 Generator 0 0 Solar 0 0 Battery 0 0 Source: CBMS 2015

Table 18: Source of Electricity, Panghagban

Number of Households With Source of Electricity Barangay Access To Electricity Magnitude Proportion Panghagban 186 electric company 180 96.77 Generator 0 0 Solar 0 0 Battery 0 0 Source: CBMS 2015

11. Communication

98. Communication service facilities are limited to a publicly-managed postal service and telephone service. Private communication service providers include internet providers and cell sites network. Communication network is nevertheless present in the area with four communication towers located in Barangays Lusong, Panghagban, Poblacion and Lapacan Sur. There are 44 households with internet access.

99. Mobile phones are widely used in Buenavista. There are also 35 radio communication equipment in Buenavista provided to / owned by the barangay chairman of the 35 barangays. These are very useful in times of emergencies. Table 19 shows the number of household ownership of the various medium of communication.

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Table 19: Communications used in Buenavista

Communications Used Number of Households Telephone lines 45 Mobile phone 1699 Internet 44 Computers 146 Radio 35

12. Road and Transportation

100. The municipality has a total road network of 124 kilometers including national road, provincial road, and municipal road and barangay roads (Figure 13).

Figure 14: Road network in the Buenavista, Bohol

101. The main mode of transportation going to Panghagban and Catigbian motorcycle (habal-habal). There are also a number of jeepneys and vans that provide transportation service from the town center to the barangays. The present road network going to the proposed project site (from the main road to Panghagban) is concrete with some gravelled part. Travel time over the 18 kilometer stretch is about 30 minutes to the town center.

102. The existing road to be rehabilitated is an earth road with a total length of 5.231 kilometers. There are existing concrete road in the proposed sit which were funded by the BUB and KALAHI.-CIDDS.

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103. There are no houses near the proposed road and no government facilities would be damaged during project construction.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

104. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed rehabilitation of Panghagban to Catigbian road given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within existing right of way. There will only be localized short- term impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan. These construction related impacts can be mitigated by 1) the contractors’ work practices, especially those related to the systematized demolition procedure consistent with approved standard safety requirements; 2) cooperation by the local authorities with the contractor in terms of use of public space and utilities; 3) project management’s strict enforcement of the correct construction practices and standards; 4) the incorporation of the mitigation measures identified in the IEE into the bid documents and specifications; and 5) close monitoring of the contractor’s implementation of the required mitigation measures.

105. The potential environmental impacts resulting from implementation of civil works are expected to be minor and likely short-term since the improvement works will not involve widening and alignment adjustments (Table 20). Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan under Chapter VIII.

Table 20: Assessment of Potential Environmental Impacts

Potential Environmental Impacts or Values Roadway Box Culvert Cross Spillway the Subproject construction would likely Gravelling/ Construction Drainage Construction create: Concrete Pavement Land surface disturbance – surface scrapping, minor minor None None top soil erosion, and vegetative clearing Affects temporal water regime: decrease water minor minor minor minor quantity and quality and flow regularity or seasonality due to altered drainage patterns, water way configuration, sedimentation, turbidity, as well as river flow diversion Altered or impaired hydrology of the minor minor minor minor immediate area: increase peak and flood flows and irregular streamflow Decrease in downstream natural resources’ minor minor minor minor economic and social values/uses Decrease site’s attraction in terms of losing minor minor minor minor some geological or geomorphological values, particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance Vegetation loss affecting rare species habitats, particularly of known local, national or none none none none international nature conservation importance

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Table 20: Assessment of Potential Environmental Impacts

Potential Environmental Impacts or Values Roadway Box Culvert Cross Spillway the Subproject construction would likely Gravelling/ Construction Drainage Construction create: Concrete Pavement Adverse impact on local and transient fauna species (those species whose range may include the project site), particularly those of none none none none known local, national or international nature conservation importance. Bio-invasion of new strain of pests, weeds or none none none none rare diseases Frequent incurrence and increased intensity of none none none none grassfire Contamination of the immediate and/or broader environment cause by the storage or minor none none minor use of chemicals needed for the construction works Air particulate emissions which may cause atmospheric / environmental pollution moderate minor minor minor impacting on human health and livelihood at local or larger scale during construction phase Excessive solid waste accumulation during minor minor minor minor infrastructure construction Increase in noise and/or vibration during minor minor minor minor construction Unnatural lighting effects that may impact upon flora and fauna, or deplete the sense of none none naturalness of the area Natural landscape fragmentation and none none none none discontinuity Adverse impact on land use and the amenity values of adjacent or downstream areas (including the integrity of agricultural land, or minor minor minor minor other industry that the local community may depend on) Adverse impact on existing or potential recreational value and quality of known minor minor minor minor traditional experience associated to site natural setting Adverse impact or alter on-sites’ visual value and its surrounding area -from different minor minor minor minor vantage points Rating: None= no adverse impact; Minor= slight negative impact and momentary; Moderate=slight negative impact for a year but not damaging enough to cause ecological, health and economic disturbance.

106. During operation, the project is expected to benefit the environment and socio- economic conditions of the subproject areas through increased delivery of agricultural products, increased tourism, improved access and economic development, reduced dust due to asset preservation, improved road safety due to installation of safety signs, and others.

107. Environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures during subproject pre- construction, construction and operation phases are described under Chapter VIII. Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan.

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A. Pre-Construction

1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation

108. This will be undertaken prior to the commencement of any civil works. The proponent shall conduct consultation meetings with directly affected barangays and concerned POs’, and information awareness campaign regarding subproject location.

2. Identification and prioritization of road section where re-gravelling will be done

109. Identification and prioritization of road sections will be give information and participation of the community, particularly women and marginalized sectors. A subproject site validation will be facilitated to ensure that the INREMP validation process on subproject implementation is being complied with and hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan.

3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work

110. The detailed engineering designs and programs of work for the subproject will be prepared by the LGU for the completion of the proposed upgraded access road. The detailed designs shall include the identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites, locate aggregate borrow pits and rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers, and specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities.

111. The LGU with assistance from TA-PMIC will ensure that relevant provisions of the EMP in terms of implementation of environmental mitigation measures, monitoring activities, supervision and reporting are included for civil works and construction supervision.

4. Recruitment of workers

112. The potential impact of the subproject will be hiring of skilled local workers and other unskilled jobs. A robust “local first” hiring policy will be designed and be implemented in coordination with local officials and community leaders especially at the barangay and municipal levels. The Contractor will be required to follow the “local first” hiring policy.

B. Construction

1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system

113. The contractors will source construction materials under their own arrangements. Uncontrolled sourcing of such materials could lead to environmental impacts such as the loss of topsoil or the disfigurements of the landscape from borrow pits. Earthen embankments and material stockpiles will be susceptible to erosion, particularly during the rains and re-suspension of dust during the dry seasons.

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114. Local roads will be damaged during transportation of borrow materials and by the construction equipment. In order to reduce impact on all borrow sites, contractors will water the local roads close to the settlements used by the borrow trucks. As much as possible, contractors will not make use of productive agricultural land. In case this is unavoidable, the contractor will obtain consent from the land owner and will restore the site to its original condition after completion of civil works.

2. Clearing and removal of obstructions

115. The contractor will initiate clearing and removal of obstructions on the existing road which would result to slight damage landscape and aggravate soil erosion. However, vegetation (mostly grasses) present in the site are common and will recover after the construction. In case, it is noted that trees will not be removed without tree cutting permit from DENR. To mitigate these impacts, the contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works, including but not limited to the extent practicable shall ensure that fuels other than wood are used for cooking. The contractor will be required to minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation, and prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary or permanent drainage as soon as practicable after cutting. If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours.

3. Soil erosion

116. Soil erosion and unstable side slopes susceptible to landslides are noticed along subproject road. The impact of soil erosion and unstable side slope are increased run off and sedimentation causing a greater flood hazard to the downstream, loss of topsoil affects the growth of vegetation that causes ecological imbalances, and development of unsightly cuts and fills that have been riddled by uncontrolled erosion and gullying. Construction activities in high slope areas should be taken up only during dry season.

117. During operation, silt load in the river is expected to be minor due to slope protection structures installed.

4. Ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road

118. During ground surface leveling and gravelling of existing road, the potential impacts would be minor and short-termed to the terrestrial and aquatic resources as well as to the quality of surface water in the river. The contractor will be required to do the following: 1) the construction site should be located away from forested or plantation areas, 2) all construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas, 3) no waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations, 4) erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion, 5) earthworks should be conducted during dry periods, 6) no waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters, 7) no washing or repair of machinery near surface waters, 8) pit latrines to be located away from surface waters, 9) no unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses, 10) no aggregate mining from rivers or lakes, and 11) minimize the use of heavy equipment at steep slopes.

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5. Civil works (Concrete Pavement)

119. Since the subproject will mainly involve concrete pavement (with no road widening and realignments), main impacts on land during construction are from air pollution, land and water contamination, and traffic and access problems. The contractor will apply stated mitigating measures during concrete pavement activities.

6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure

120. During construction, air quality is likely to be degraded by exhaust emissions from the operation of construction equipment, and dust generated from haul roads, unpaved roads, exposed soils and material stock piles.

121. In order to mitigate these, the following will be implemented: 1) regularly apply wetting agents to exposed soil and construction roads, 2) cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates, 3) minimize the time for excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed, 4) backfill immediately after work is completed, 5) restrict working time between 7:00 am and 5:00 pm, 6) maintain equipment in proper working condition, 7) replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery, 8) vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use, and 9) construct temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas if possible.

7. Dust and noise from borrow pits

122. Noise and dust may be generated from borrow pits. The contractor will ensure the following mitigating measures: 1) provision of noise control measures to comply with national standards, watering of the earth roads close to the settlements, use covered truck, 2) secure appropriate environmental permits, 3) the borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals, and 4) protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits.

8. Implementation of spoil management and control measure

123. The contractor will ensure that there will be no contamination of land and surface waters from excavated spoils, and construction wastes. The uncontaminated spoils will be disposed of in municipal or provincial designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent surface water. On the other hand, suspicious contaminated soil will be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations.

9. Solid and liquid construction waste management system

124. Solid and liquid construction wastes management system will be facilitated to avoid contamination of land and surface water from the construction wastes. The management of general solid and liquid wastes of construction will follow government regulations to include covering, collecting, handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from

36 construction activities and the work force. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal will be established and followed to ensure construction sites are as clean as possible. All solid wastes will be separated and recyclables be donated to the barangay. There will be no site- specific landfills established by the contractors. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in local waste disposal sites.

10. Water quality

125. The subproject has potential impacts on water quality due to washing of equipment (i.e. vehicles and concrete mixers), and leakage and spills from discharge from worker camps to the water resources. To mitigate, there should be a 1) set up proper and adequate sanitary facilities, 2) ensure strict observance of proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers, 3) provide wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank), and 4) trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing high concentration of suspended solids should be treated through sedimentation tanks. 5) The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall i) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, ii) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or iii) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.

11. Construction drainage system

126. The contractor shall construct drainage systems to facilitate drainage and rain water natural channels. The contractor will also provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding.

12. Workers health, safety and hygiene

127. Construction sites are likely to have public health impacts. Contractors will ensure that no untreated wastewater is discharged in the river and that no site-specific landfills will be established at the construction camps. There will be a potential for diseases to be transmitted, exacerbated by inadequate health and safety practices. The contractor will therefore be required to recruit or designate a health and safety officer to address such concerns in the work sites and liaise/work with the nearby communities.

128. Mitigation measures include: 1) proper fencing, protective barriers, and buffer zones should be provided around all construction sites, 2) sufficient signage and information disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed, 3) worker and public safety guidelines should be followed, 4) provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites, 5) the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women, 6) standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in, 7) worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety

37 program should be developed and distributed to workers, 8) appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers, 9) adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site, 10) drinking water must be provided at all construction sites, 10) sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and 10) all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed.

13. Traffic safety and management

129. Throughout the construction period, the contractor should ensure that affected people are provided adequate and safe access to properties (structures, land, etc.). The contractor is responsible for ensuring that all construction vehicles observe speed limits on the construction sites and to provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control. Sign postings such as ‘men working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works.

14. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna)

130. Rehabilitation work will directly cause minor degradation of the local ecology through the clearance of small areas of vegetation (mainly grasses) at major work sites. A short-term impact on ecology along the rehabilitated road is likely to occur in worksites during the construction period due to minor vegetation clearance (mainly grasses, not trees). Vegetative cover stripped from the locations described above will be kept for slope protection.

131. Meanwhile, the potential impacts from construction worker camps are poaching of edible animals and birds of the locality in spite of prohibitions. The contractors’ will be responsible for providing adequate knowledge to the workers regarding the protection of fauna. In short, all workers will be prohibited from hunting wild animals.

15. Damaged to properties

132. Another potential impact during construction is damaged to properties (structures, irrigation, farmland) and access roads due to civil works, transport of materials and other project- related activities. To address this impact, the contractor will immediately repair and/or compensate for any damage that it causes to properties (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction.

16. Use of Hazardous Substances

133. Storage and use of fuel, lubricant and other toxic and hazardous chemicals will have potential impacts on soil surface and groundwater contamination. To address this impact, vehicle maintenance and refueling will be confined to areas in construction sites designed (with concrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels.

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Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas.

17. Public safety

134. `Some of the mitigation measures that should be implemented are as follows: To mitigate this impact, the following should be addressed by the Contractor: 1) installation of sturdy fencing around excavation areas and construction sites, 2) provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians, 3) deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access, 4) imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors, and 5) orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport.

C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase

1. Operation of upgraded access road

135. The rehabilitation of Panghagban to Catigbian road will have positive and negative impacts to the area. The negative impacts will directly involve the increased risk of accident or injury, air pollution and noise, and unplanned urbanization. However, the positive impacts will mainly focus on increased delivery of agricultural products, provide access to natural resources management project sites, and open for tourism businesses. To mitigate these impacts, the LGU of Buenavista and other concerned agencies shall initiate and implement the following: 1) set speed limit when passing through populated area, 2) provide appropriate warning signs and lighting, 3) regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals to avoid clogging, 4) regular vegetation control along run-off area to ensure free flow, 5) ensure that existing environmental management policies are effectively implemented and proper coordination involves different agencies, 6) adherence to land use and zoning regulations, and 7) promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the local and nationwide venue.

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VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION

A. Stakeholder Consultations

136. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the Sub-project. On 21 January 2017, the Team arrived at the two (2) influenced barangays (Panghagban and Catigbian) to inform and conduct a public consultation with the local residents.

137. Another public consultation was held on 2 June 2017 by the PPMO and a representative from local government unit of Buenavista to further explain the benefits and some issues of the proposed road access subproject. During these consultations, the proponent with technical assistance of consultant has made presentation of the Sub-project describing the objective of the consultations, project description, proposed civil works, and anticipated environmental impacts and their mitigation measures. The consultations went very well and effective and the discussions were documented. The results of the consultation were positive, with local people considering that the road will bring significant economic benefits to the barangays and increase trade flows. Concerns on the subproject mainly revolved on its construction phase which can be mitigated. No long term negative environmental impact assessed by the participants. Majority of the respondents cited ease of transport as one of the direct benefits of the road; majority of them as well are not anticipating any negative impact of the subproject to the environment though one of the respondents mentioned that the road might be a corridor for illegal loggers to access the forest land so he suggested an intensified barangay patrolling during the operation phase of the access road.

138. At the end of the meetings, the participants were given questionnaires to express their views and concerns of the sub-project. Details of the consultations and issues raised during these consultations are given in Table 21. Details and names of the participants participated in the consultations are given in Appendix 1.

139. Each influence barangay conducted a barangay consultation where they discussed priority projects of their barangay. Consistent with the site validation result conducted last 14 November, 2016, the sub-project was assessed to unlikely cause significant adverse impact on the environment; in fact, the subproject is identified by the community members to improve the status of the environment as it will serve as a corridor in mitigating forest fires in the area.

140. After several consultations of the community and barangay offices, the two (2) influenced barangays endorsed the proposed road rehabilitation of Panghagban – Catigbian road for inclusion to INREMP rural infrastructure component (Appendices 2 to 4). However, discussions on sub-projects revealed lack of funds. Since barangay allocation was not enough to support the sub-project, the barangay officials agreed to submit an endorsement letter to Sangguniang Bayan requesting for inclusion of their barangay project in the priority projects of the municipality.

141. With the involvement of the LGU in the sub-project activities of INREMP particularly in the implementation of rural infrastructure support facilities, they dedicated time and effort in participating with orientation, consultation, planning and training activities. Indeed, a municipal resolution was crafted affirming the interest of the local government unit to apply, negotiate, avail financing grant from the INREMP of the DENR thru the municipal development fund office, and

40 undertake other acts necessary for the effective implementation of Panghagban – Catigbian road (Appendices 5 - 7).

Table 21: Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Rehabilitation in Buenavista

Date of Consultations: January 21, 2017 and June 2, 2017 Venue: Barangay Hall/ Basketball court, Catigbian, Panghagban, Buenavista Bohol Total number of participants: > 25 Group represented: PAWASSA PO, other local residents, barangay officials, MPDO Questions Responses The following are the responses of the participants when asked what benefits they’re expecting to gain from the subproject: Benefits from the  In case of forest fires, fire responders could easily reach the area and put road rehabilitation off the fire expressed by on-site  Ease of product transport from farm to market, the subproject road will and off-site serve as a shortcut thus minimizing delivery travel time of goods stakeholders  Save in Transportation Cost  Monitoring of forest resources would be easier. BLGU committed to be stricter with environment and natural resources protection initiatives. Beneficiaries Response Project Management Team Response Pre- construction  No issues were identified in  No issues were identified in this phase issues this phase (see B. Findings: phase Pre-construction phase) PO Suggestion/s:  The contractor may  BLGU and MLGU to request to accidentally spill diesel in the contractor to properly dispose nearby lots while refueling waste, preferably outside the their heavy vehicles. barangay. In addition, BLGU and POs to put up signage for proper waste disposal  Request the contractor, whoever  The contractor embanking it may be, to excavate slowly and the excavated soil anywhere cautiously and embank the soil by the road. immediately to road sections that need to be filled.  POs should take the initiative to put up canals alongside the road Construction phase so that runoff from the road issues construction will not directly go to the rice fields  Concrete/ cement improper  PO and BLGU would ensure that handling the contractor will not mix cement near the ricefield and/or the water surface nearby. Contractor should be advised to have their own mixing board. Contractor should also be advised to concrete one line at a time so as not to hinder transport of goods and services Facilitator’s Suggestion/s:  Engr. Tingson also suggested that PO members should remain

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watchful during the course of  Contractor washing their subproject implementation. equipment on the nearby  Reinforce signage on proper water surface. cleaning of materials, equipment  Improper waste disposal on  PO member suggested that the road as there will be maintenance activities should be increase of people passing regularly conducted. Canals by should also be cleaned regularly  Possible increase of vehicles  Another PO member suggested utilizing the road, that may that road safety signs such as result to incidence because speed limits should be put up vehicle riders may increase along the road. their speed since the road  A barangay kagawad said that would already be in a good BLGU should allot budget for Operation and condition. maintenance of road. maintenance phase  Improved condition of road  Plant trees along the road to issues provides opportunity for provide shade illegal loggers to access  Barangay to monitor activities forestry resources within its jurisdiction which is easier because of improved road facility.

Facilitator’s Suggestion/s:  Engr. Tingson suggested that each PO should be responsible of cleaning the canals. Aside from the anticipated issues and its corresponding mitigations/ responses Suggested impact mentioned on the previous table, the TA-PMIC also identified potential issues and mitigation measures mitigation measures that the subproject might face. These issues and measures are all captured on the Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan of Buenavista.

B. Information Disclosure

142. After study completion, the IEE documenting the mitigation measures and consultation process will be submitted to ADB for posting on their website, DENR-FMB, the Municipality of Buenavista, Bohol and the two affected Barangay offices, the Provincial Environmental and Natural Resource Officer, and DENR regional office, which will make them available to the public. More informal and vigorous level of disclosure and consultation will be done during implementation through: • The preparation and dissemination of a brochure in local languages, explaining the affected peoples’ entitlements and the procedures for obtaining compensation for temporary disturbances, trees, crops, and land for construction camps and recording grievances; and • Setting up a formal grievance redress committee with a representation from the affected people. Field consultant in association with the Contractor will be responsible for managing the effective grievance redress program.

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VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

143. The Local Government Unit of Buenavista has properly conducted the consultations with the different stakeholders of the sub-project site. However, it still has to make room for possible issues, concerns, or grievances and disputes arising from the communities in relation to the project implementation. Thus, it sets up a Grievance Redress Mechanism to provide a venue for resolving grievances and disputes even at the lowest level. This will be done to resolve disputes as early and as quickly as possible before it escalates to an unmanageable level.

144. Since, the community consultations were conducted smoothly and no adverse or violent reactions have been noted, there are only minor grievances that are anticipated which may arise. These are listed below:

1) Road accessibility related grievances – This may include complaints from communities using the roads under repair or construction due to temporary obstruction, which may cause delay in travel time and other inconveniences of the travelling public.

2) Construction related grievances – Community members may demand to be hired as part of the labor force in the project construction/implementation. This may also include complaints of community members regarding noise, drainage, and etc.

145. A subproject-specific grievance redress mechanism will be established at the PPCO to receive, evaluate and facilitate the complaints/grievances of affected persons on the sub- project’s environmental performance. This mechanism will be disclosed to the host communities before start of civil works.

146. The grievance redress committee (GRC) will be chaired by the PPCO head. Members will include the following: (i) designated GRM officer of PPCO, (ii) contractor’s highest official at the site such as the Construction Manager or the Construction Superintendent; and (iii) barangay chairperson. For the quick filing of complaints, the GRC will use the attached grievance intake form (Appendix 8). The PPCO's GRM officer will be responsible for registration of grievances and communication with the aggrieved party.

147. The steps to be followed in filing complaints and the procedures for redress are the following:

(i) complainant will provide the background and file the complaint verbally or in writing to the PPCO, and the PPCO's GRM officer will assist the complainant in filling-up the grievance intake form; (ii) within 2 working days, the GRM Officer, contractor’s representative, and complainant will discuss if the complaint can be resolved without calling for a GRC meeting; (iii) within 3 days of lodging the complaint, the PPCO's GRM officer will provide the complainant a written feedback on the process, steps and timeframe for resolving the complaint. (iv) if the complaint cannot be resolved, a GRC meeting with the complainant will be called within 5 working days; (v) the GRC will have 15 working days to resolve the complaint; (vi) the complainant will receive feedback from the PPCO's GRM officer within 5 working

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days after the various steps of the GRM are completed; and (vii) if unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC will not impede the complainant's access to the Government's judicial, administrative remedies or through concerned government agencies (e.g., Community Environment and Natural Resources Office and Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office of DENR, Regional offices of the Environmental Management Bureau, etc.)

148. The GRC will receive, follow-up and prepare monthly reports regarding all complaints, disputes or questions received about the Project and corresponding actions taken to resolve the issues. These reports will be included in the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB.

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Implementation Arrangements

149. Institutions responsible for executing and monitoring the implementation of the EMP are presented in Table 22.

Table 22: Responsibilities for EMP Implementation

Agency Responsibilities LGU of Buenavista, Bohol • Executing agency with overall responsibility for project construction and operation • Ensure that sufficient funds are available to properly implement the EMP • Ensure that Project implementation complies with Government environmental policies and regulations • Ensure that the Project, regardless of financing source, complies with the provisions of the EMP and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 • Obtain necessary environmental approval(s) from the Environmental Management Bureau and/or other concerned government agencies prior to commencement of civil works • Ensure that tender and contract documents for design, supervision and civil works include the relevant EMP requirements • Establish an environmental grievance redress mechanism, as described in the IEE, to receive and facilitate resolution of affected peoples' concerns • Submit semi-annual monitoring reports on EMP implementation to ADB.

Existing ADB Project Management • Project management office with direct responsibility for the implementation Office of civil works, engineering designs and project coordination. • Ensure that EMP design measures are incorporated in the detailed design • Ensure that EMP provisions are strictly implemented and monitored during various project phases (design/pre-construction, construction and operation) to mitigate environmental impacts to acceptable levels • Include relevant provisions of the EMP in the bid and contract documents for design, civil works and supervision.

PPMO and WMPCO • Closely monitor contractor’s environmental performance and over-all implementation of the EMP • Prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation for submission to ADB

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Table 22: Responsibilities for EMP Implementation

Agency Responsibilities • Based on the results of EMP monitoring, identify environmental corrective actions and prepare a corrective action plan, as necessary, for submission to ADB • Responsible for coordinating with EMB, Local Government Units (LGU), and other concerned agencies related to environmental aspects for maintaining project`s compliance with environmental permits.

TA - PMIC and NPCO • . Engage environment specialists who will undertake supervision and monitoring of EMP implementation and contractor’s environmental performance • As part of day-to-day project supervision, closely supervise and monitor the contractor’s implementation of mitigation measures specified in the EMP • Assist PMU and WMPCO in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation. Such report will include results of ambient environmental monitoring to be conducted by the contractors.

Contractors • Recruit qualified environmental and safety officer to ensure compliance with environmental statutory requirements, contractual obligations and EMP provisions • Provide sufficient funding and human resources for proper and timely implementation of required mitigation and monitoring measures in the EMP • Implement additional environmental mitigation measures, as necessary, to avoid, minimize and/or compensate for adverse impacts due to construction works and related activities performed by the contractor. EMB - DENR • Review and approve environmental assessment reports required by the Government • Undertake monitoring of the project’s environmental performance based on their mandate

ADB • Conduct periodic site visits to assess status of EMP implementation and over-all environmental performance of the Project • Review environmental monitoring reports submitted by the executing agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are properly addressed • Publicly disclose through posting on ADB’s website environmental monitoring reports, corrective action plans, new or updated IEE (if any) prepared by the executing agency during project implementation

B. Environmental Mitigation

150. Table 23 presents environmental mitigation measures to address anticipated adverse impacts of the Sub-project. The EMP also shows responsibilities for implementation of mitigation measures and corresponding supervision and monitoring.

Table 23: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor Pre-Construction Phase

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Table 23: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor Confirmation of no No negative  Conducted Consultation meetings required resettlement, environmental with barangay officials and relocations, and impacts concerned POs’ officers and LGU of WMPCO compensation members Buenavista PPMO  Conducted information awareness campaign regarding subproject location Identification and Lack of information Subproject sites validation with prioritization of road and/or low following conditions: section where re- participation of the  ensure that the INREMP gravelling will be done community, validation process on sub-project particularly women implementation is being complied LGU of WMPCO and marginalized with Buenavista PPMO sectors  hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan Preparation of detailed Minimize negative Work with LGU RI Engineer for the engineering designs and environmental completion of the proposed programs of work for the impacts upgraded access road detailed subproject designs and to ensure the following measures are included:  identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites; LGU of WMPCO  locate aggregate borrow pits and Buenavista PPMO rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers;  for local residents: include specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities Recruitment of workers Gender  Hire local workers as much as LGU of discrimination and possible, and give equal privilege Buenavis tendency to recruit for women to get involved in Contractor ta / outsiders selected tasks appropriate for WMPCO them PPMO Construction Phase Construction materials Pollution, injury,  All borrow pits and quarries Contractor LGU of Part of the acquisition, transport interrupted usual should be approved by Municipal Buenavis contractor’ access, and storage road use, disrupted Engineering Division. ta / s contract system access, noise  Select pits and quarries in areas WMPCO with low gradient and as close as PPMO possible to construction the sites.  Required aggregate volumes must be carefully calculated prior to extraction to prevent wastage.  Pits and quarries should not be located near surface waters, forested areas, critical habitat for wildlife, or cultural objects and landmarks.  If aggregate quarrying from fluvial environments is required small streams and rivers should be used, and dry alluvial plains preferred.  All topsoil and overburden removed should be stockpiled for

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Table 23: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor later restoration.  All borrow pits and quarries should have a fence perimeter with signage to keep public away.  After use pits and quarries should be dewatered and permanent fences installed with signage to keep public out, and restored as much as possible using original overburden and topsoil.  Unstable slope conditions in/adjacent to the quarry or pit caused by the extractions should be rectified with tree planting.  Define and schedule how materials are extracted from borrow pits and rock quarries, transported, and handled & stored at sites.  Define and schedule how fabricated materials such as steel, wood structures, and scaffolding will be transported and handled.  All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered. Clearing and removal of Damage landscape  Restrict vegetation removal to Contractor LGU of Part of the obstructions within RoWs. Buenavis contractor’  In case, no trees will be removed ta / s contract without prior approval of WMPCO concerned government agency. PPMO  The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works, including but not limited to the extent practicable shall ensure that fuels other than wood are used for cooking.  Within RoWs, minimize land cover removals, and install protective physical barriers around trees.  All RoWs to be re-vegetated and landscaped after construction completed.  Consult PENRO/CENRO to determine the most successful restoration strategy and techniques.  Minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation. Soil erosion High suspended  Berms, and plastic sheet fencing Contractor LGU of Part of the solid contents of should be placed around all Buenavis contractor’ river, excavations and earthwork areas. ta / s contract sedimentation.  As much as possible, WMPCO construction activities in hilly PPMO areas to be taken up only during dry season.  Maintain a stockpile of topsoil for immediate site restoration following backfilling.  Protect exposed or cut slopes

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Table 23: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor with planted vegetation, and have a slope stabilization protocol ready.  Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas immediately after work is completed.  Minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation.  Prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary or permanent drainage as soon as practicable after cutting. If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours. Ground surface leveling Degradation of  All construction sites should be Contractor LGU of Part of the and gravelling of terrestrial and located away from forested or Buenavis contractor’ existing road aquatic resources, plantation areas as much as ta / s contract and decreased possible. WMPCO water quality  All construction fluids such as PPMO oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas.  No waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations.  Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion.  Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.  All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled with extra care away from surface waters.  No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters.  No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters.  Pit latrines to be located away from surface waters.  No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses.  No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes.  Minimize the use of heavy equipment at steep slopes. Civil works (Concrete Air pollution, land  Piles of aggregates at sites Contractor LGU of Part of the Pavement) and water should be used/or removed Buenavis contractor’ contamination, and promptly, or covered and placed ta / s contract traffic & access in non-traffic areas WMPCO problems,  All spills should be cleaned PPMO immediately and handled as per hazardous waste management plan, and according to government regulations. Implementation of noise Noise, Dust, Air  Regularly apply wetting agents to Contractor LGU of Part of the and dust control Pollution exposed soil and construction Buenavis contractor’ measure roads. ta / s contract  Cover or keep moist all stockpiles WMPCO of construction aggregates, and PPMO all truck loads of aggregates.

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Table 23: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor  Minimize the time for excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed. Backfill immediately after work is completed.  As much as possible, restrict working time between 07:00 and 17:00.  Maintain equipment in proper working condition  Replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery.  Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use.  Construct temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas where possible. Dust and noise from Noise, Dust  Ensure provision of noise control Contractor LGU of Part of the borrow pits measures to comply with national Buenavis contractor’ standards. ta / s contract  Watering of the earth roads close WMPCO to the settlements, use covered PPMO truck.  Secure appropriate environmental permits.  The borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals.  Protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits. Implementation of spoil Contamination of  Uncontaminated spoil to be Contractor LGU of Part of the management and land and surface disposed of in municipal or Buenavis contractor’ control measure waters from provincial designated sites, which ta / s contract excavated spoil, must never be in or adjacent WMPCO and construction surface waters. Designated sites PPMO waste must be clearly marked and identified.  Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other socially or ecologically sensitive feature.  Where possible spoil should be used at other construction sites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits.  A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded.  Contaminated spoil disposal must follow government regulations including handling, transport, treatment (if necessary), and disposal.  Suspected contaminated soil must be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations.

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Table 23: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor  Before treatment or disposal contaminated spoil must be covered with plastic and isolated from all human activity. Solid and liquid Contamination of  Management of general solid and Contractor LGU of Part of the construction waste land and surface liquid waste of construction will Buenavis contractor’ management system waters from follow government regulations to ta / s contract construction waste include covering, collecting, WMPCO handling, transporting, recycling, PPMO and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force.  Construction sites should have large garbage bins.  A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal must be established and followed that ensures construction sites are as clean as possible.  Solid waste should be separated and recyclables be sold to buyers in the community.  There will be no site-specific landfills established by the contractors. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in local waste disposal sites.

Hazardous Waste  Collection, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous waste such as used oils, gasoline, paint, and other toxics must follow government regulations.  Wastes should be separated (e.g., hydrocarbons, batteries, paints, organic solvents)  Wastes must be stored above ground in closed, well labeled, ventilated plastic bins in good condition, away from construction activity areas, all surface water, water supplies, and cultural and ecological sensitive receptors.  All spills must be cleaned up completely with all contaminated soil removed and handled with by contaminated spoil sub-plan. Water quality Water and soil  set up proper and adequate Contractor LGU of Part of the sanitary facilities, Buenavis Contractor’  ensure strict observance of proper ta / s contract waste handling and disposal and WMPCO proper sanitation including by the PPMO contractors and its workers,  provide wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank), and  trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing

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Table 23: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor high concentration of suspended solids should be treated through sedimentation tanks.  The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade. Construction drainage Loss of drainage  Provide adequate short-term Contractor LGU of Part of the system and rain water drainage away from construction Buenavis contractor’ natural channels sites to prevent ponding and ta / s contract flooding. WMPCO  Prevent borrow pits and quarries PPMO to be filled with water. Pump periodically to infiltration areas or nearby water courses.  Install temporary storm drains or ditches for construction sites  Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity.  Protect surface waters from silt and eroded soil. Workers health, safety Worker injuries,  proper fencing, protective barriers, Contractor LGU of Part of the and hygiene accidents, water- and buffer zones should be Buenavis contractor’ borne diseases, provided around all construction ta / s contract and health impact sites, WMPCO due to absence of  sufficient signage and information PPMO or insufficient disclosure, and supervisors and provisions on night guards should be placed, sanitation, safety  worker and public safety and other guidelines should be followed, amenities  provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites,  the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women,  standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in,  worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers,

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Table 23: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor  appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers,  adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site,  drinking water must be provided at all construction sites,  sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and  all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed.

Traffic safety and Road accidents All construction vehicles observe Contractor LGU of Part of the management speed limits on the construction sites Buenavis contractor’ and to provide adequate signage, ta / s contract barriers, and flag persons for traffic WMPCO control. Sign postings such as ‘men PPMO working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works. Any vehicles or equipment being used for the works must be parked off the carriageway.

Ecological environment Minor vegetation  Construction vehicles will operate Contractor LGU of Part of the (Flora and Fauna) loss within the corridor of impact to Buenavis contractor’ avoid damaging soil and ta / s contract vegetation. WMPCO  Avoid soil compaction around PPMO trees. Generally the rule will be to avoid driving heavy equipment or trucks anywhere into the 'drip- line' of a tree.  In case, no trees will be removed without prior approval of concerned government agency.  The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works.  No work camps will be located in ecologically sensitive sites such as protected and conservation areas, or densely vegetated site.  Workers shall be prohibited from hunting/trapping wildlife.

Damaged to properties Land The contractor will immediately LGU of WMPCO Part of the repair and/or compensate for any Buenavista PPMO proponents damage that it causes to properties DENR obligation (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like.

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Table 23: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction. Use of Hazardous People, land and Vehicle maintenance and refueling LGU of WMPCO Part of the Substances water will be confined to areas in Buenavista PPMO proponents construction sites designed (with DENR obligation concrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas Public safety People • installation of sturdy fencing LGU of WMPCO Part of the around excavation areas and Buenavista PPMO proponents construction sites, DENR obligation • provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians, • deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access, • imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors, and • orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase

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Table 23: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Component/Activity Environmental Responsibilities Estimates Impacts Implementation Monitor Operation of upgraded Increased risk of  Set speed limit when passing LGU of WMPCO Part of the access road accident or injury, through populated area Buenavista PPMO proponents air pollution and  Provide appropriate warning signs DENR obligation noise. and lighting  Regular removal of debris, logs Obstruction of run- and other materials along off along drainage drainage canals to avoid clogging canals causing run-  Regular vegetation control along off overflow leading run-off area to ensure free flow to erosion of the  Ensure that existing road environmental management policies are effectively Exploitation of implemented and proper natural resources coordination involves different in the area agencies.  Adherence to land use and zoning Unplanned regulations urbanization  Promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the Increased delivery local and nationwide venue. of agricultural products

Tourism

C. Environmental Monitoring

151. Table 24 presents the environmental monitoring activities to be undertaken during various project phases. Monitoring of the contractor’s environmental performance in terms of implementation of mitigation measures during construction phases shall be undertaken by the community at the barangay level, and SSE. The ESS shall be assisted by TA-PMIC in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports. Such report will be submitted by the proponent to ADB and will be publicly disclosed on ADB’s website. The monitoring reports shall describe in detail the status of EMP implementation and compliance issues as well as corrective actions, if any.

152. The ESS during project implementation will be required organize a community level environmental monitoring. Prior to commencement of site works, the ESS and SSS shall undertake consultations with affected residents, barangay and/or officials to encourage them to participate in the community level environmental monitoring program. The locals shall be allowed to freely participate during the environmental monitoring to be conducted by the LGU together with SSS and ESS. The SSE, ESS and WMPCO shall provide orientation on how to undertake monitoring using the Environmental Monitoring Framework shown below:

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COMMUNITY LEVEL CONSTRUCTION MONITORING FORM Sub-project Name: Location: Reporting Period: Impact/ Mitigation Measures Compliance Comment on Reasons for Partial or Non- Attained (Yes, No, Compliance or Partial) 1

2

3

n Recommendation/s:

Signature: Date:

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Table 24: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Activities Location Means of Frequency of Responsible Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Unit Cost Pre- Construction Completion of Final location Review of the SPD Prior to issuance of SPMO, INREMP the Sub-Project of the NOL WMPCO, Project Cost Documents subproject PPCO with SSS and ESS, ADB Completion of Final location Review of detailed Prior to approval of SPMO, INREMP detailed of the design detailed design WMPCO, Project Cost engineering subproject documentation PPCO with design in SSS and accordance with ESS, ADB EMP requirements Completion of Final location Confirm IEE report Prior to issuance of SPMO, INREMP social and of the and disclosed to NOL WMPCO, Project Cost environmental subproject the public PPCO with safeguards SSS and ESS, ADB Establishment Final location Confirm GRM is Prior to start of site SPMO, INREMP of grievance of the established and works WMPCO, Project Cost redress subproject disclosed to the PPCO with mechanism public SSS and ESS Construction Implementation As indicated in Site visit, ocular Monthly and as part SPMU, WMPCO, INREMP of construction IEE EMP Table inspections, of regular project PPMO, NCIP Project Cost phase 23 for specific interviews with supervision with SSS and environmental mitigation local residents, ESS mitigation measures coordination with Random checks and measures (e.g., concerned to validate complaints specified in IEE subproject barangay/s EMP road, borrow sites, construction/ workers’ camps, air and noise, water contamination and others)

153. The NPCO shall submit the following environmental reporting documentation to ADB:

 Environmental Monitoring Reports: Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by NPCO to ADB. The report, which will be prepared by ESS with assistance for TA-PMIC, will provide the following information:

 Background/Context of the monitoring report (adequate information on the project, including physical implementation progress of project activities, scope

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of monitoring report, reporting period, and the monitoring requirements including frequency of submission as agreed upon);  Compliance with applicable government laws, regulations and requirements;  Changes in project scope and adjusted safeguard measures, if applicable;  Monitoring parameters/indicators and methods based on the monitoring plan/program in the EMP;  Monitoring results compared against the objectives of safeguards or desired outcomes documented (e.g. environmental impacts avoided or minimized, etc.);  If noncompliance or any major gaps identified, include a corrective action plan;  Records on disclosure of monitoring information to affected communities;  Summary of environmental mitigations and compensation measures implemented;  Identification of key issues, or complaints from affected people, or recommendations for improvement;  Monitoring adjustment measures recommended based on monitoring experience/trends and stakeholders response;  Information about actual institutional arrangement for implementing the monitoring program/plan provided or adjusted, as may be required;  Proposed items of focus for the next report and due date.

 Project Completion Report: One (1) year after completion of the construction, the NPCO through its ESS shall submit a Project Completion Report which will include the overall environmental performance of the Sub-project.

IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Conclusion

154. The present IEE reviewed the general environmental profile of the subproject, covering about 5.23 km roads and screened them to assess potential impacts. The IEE reveals that no major negative environmental impacts are likely to occur due to the construction activities and normal operations after the proposed rehabilitation. Implementation of appropriate mitigation measures during construction and operation phases will minimize the negative impacts of the Project to acceptable levels. To ensure that these mitigation measures are implemented and negative impacts avoided, the measures will be included in the civil works bid and contract specifications of the Project.

155. Rural infrastructures like roads and water supply projects, arguably are vital structures needed to spur economic development in Panghagban and Catigbian, Buenavista, Bohol, with full potentials and opportunities owing to its varied development zones and natural resources.

156. The Rehabilitation of Panghagban to Catigbian Road project for one shall be a crucial infrastructure for uplifting the quality of life of the people by providing an all-year-round easy and affordable access, improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities, and supporting the NRM project activities of the constituents, thus supporting the developing economy of Panghagban, and Catigbian, cascading benefits to the entire municipality.

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157. Hence, the Project will have overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through implementation of the EMP.

B. Recommendation

158. The main goal of the project is to support the NRM activities of POs. However, the end goal of the sub-project is to provide an all-year-round easy and affordable access thereby improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities and conditions and uplifts the quality of life of the inhabitants, especially the constituents.

159. The project will have a direct benefit of savings in transportation cost of agricultural and non - agricultural products, savings of passenger transportation expense and increase Net Value Added from the agricultural production as more farmlands will be utilized due to access to market and trade and the corollary increase in agricultural productivity growth, because of the availability of appropriate technologies to farmers. In addition, indirect will also be experienced especially people who are near the project site. Some of the indirect benefits is creation of jobs in the influence areas and improve economic situation of the influence barangays, good transportation for all women and children in going to public premises like schools, market and hospitals and increase farm produce and increase number of cultivated lands near the road.

160. The performance indicators that the project will be effective to the influences area are on socioeconomic, agricultural and environmental specifically reduce transportation cost of P6,500.00 per passenger, high agricultural traffic savings in transportation cost and high Non- Agricultural traffic savings in transportation cost. Whereas, performance indicators that the project will be effective to the NRM site will be increase production of farmlands, increase number of hectares cultivated lands and easier access to transport inputs from market to farm

161. The Proposed rehabilitation of the Panghagban to Catigbian Road will boost the economic activities of the influence area which is currently experiencing stagnation due mainly to inaccessibility. With the project, socio-economic services will be easier not only for the public sector but also to private and semi-private providers. This will entice the community to gradually eliminate economic activities in the Forest Protection Zone, and instead, concentrating their activities in the Forest Production Zone of the WMA. In this way, the people will become the guardian of the natural resources of the upper slopes of the WMA guaranteeing stable supply of water and other natural resources in the lower portion of the watershed.

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Appendix 1: Stakeholder Consultations

Consultation: January 21, 2017 List of Participants: PAWASA PO

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Photographs during the consultation

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Consultation: June 2, 2017 List of Participants

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Photographs during Public Consultations

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Interview Results

Name: Honorato Estoregio Barangay: Catigbian Age: 70 Organization: SB Sex: Male Designation: Barangay Kagawad

Questions Answers Ano-ano ang benepisyo ng proyekto (daan)  Ease of transportation to and from farms sa iyo?  Convenience in mobility Panghagban-Catigbian-vice versa Mayroon ka bang alinlangan sa proyekto?  Improved condition of road provides opportunity for illegal Tingin mo ba may masamang maidudulot ito loggers to access forestry resources sa kapaligiran o kahit kanino man? Kung meron ano-ano ito? Kung mayroong nabanggit na alinlangan, sa  Barangay to monitor activities within its jurisdiction. tingin mo paano ito malulutasan? Monitoring is easier because of improved road facility. Bilang isang mamamayan, ano sa tingin mo  Encourage residents to help monitor their surroundings ang iyong magagawa para maibsan o and to maintain the access road. matugunan ang mga negatibong epekto ng proyekto? Mayroon ka bang suhestiyon para mas  Plant trees along the road to provide shade lalong mapaganda ang proyekto?  Regular maintenance of access road

Name: Segundo Torreon Barangay: Panghagban Age: 62 Organization: SB Sex: Male Designation: Barangay Kagawad

Questions Answers Ano-ano ang benepisyo ng proyekto (daan)  Better road condition means easier transport of produce sa iyo? from farms to market  Better access to other barangays  Reduction in travel time Mayroon ka bang alinlangan sa proyekto?  Walang pag-aalinlangan Tingin mo ba may masamang maidudulot  Minimal adverse environmental impact because no trees ito sa kapaligiran o kahit kanino man? Kung will be cut down meron ano-ano ito? Kung mayroong nabanggit na alinlangan, sa  None tingin mo paano ito malulutasan? Bilang isang mamamayan, ano sa tingin mo  Refer to DENR-INREMP for advise ang iyong magagawa para maibsan o matugunan ang mga negatibong epekto ng proyekto? Mayroon ka bang suhestiyon para mas  Concrete the entire stretch of the road. lalong mapaganda ang proyekto?

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Name: Maribeth Melencion Barangay: Panghagban Age: 42 Organization: SB Sex: Female Designation: Barangay Kagawad

Questions Answers Ano-ano ang benepisyo ng proyekto (daan)  Easier transport of produce from the community to the town sa iyo? proper  Reduction in travel time  Safer road conditions for pregnant women riding on motorcycles Mayroon ka bang alinlangan sa proyekto?  Walang pag-aalinlangan sa proyekto Tingin mo ba may masamang maidudulot ito sa kapaligiran o kahit kanino man? Kung meron ano-ano ito? Kung mayroong nabanggit na alinlangan,  Refer concerns to DENR-INREMP RI committee sa tingin mo paano ito malulutasan? Bilang isang mamamayan, ano sa tingin mo  NA ang iyong magagawa para maibsan o matugunan ang mga negatibong epekto ng proyekto? Mayroon ka bang suhestiyon para mas  Concrete the entire stretch of the access road lalong mapaganda ang proyekto?

Name: Rufino Toso Barangay: Panghagban Age: 69 Organization:PAWASSA Sex: Male Designation: PO Chairman

Questions Answers Ano-ano ang benepisyo ng proyekto (daan)  Ease of transport of produce from the barangay to the sa iyo? market  Reduction of fare  Ease of emergency and medical response  Better coordination between barangay Panghagban and barangay Catigbian Mayroon ka bang alinlangan sa proyekto?  Walang pag-aalinlangan Tingin mo ba may masamang maidudulot  No adverse impacts. Road to benefit everyone. ito sa kapaligiran o kahit kanino man? Kung meron ano-ano ito? Kung mayroong nabanggit na alinlangan,  NA sa tingin mo paano ito malulutasan? Bilang isang mamamayan, ano sa tingin  NA mo ang iyong magagawa para maibsan o matugunan ang mga negatibong epekto ng proyekto? Mayroon ka bang suhestiyon para mas  Strengthened coordination for maintenance of road (MLGU lalong mapaganda ang proyekto? and BLGU)

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Appendix 2: Barangay Resolution Allocating the Local Counterpart – Catigbian

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Appendix 3: PAWASA PO Resolution

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Appendix 4: CAWSA PO Resolution Endorsing INREMP

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Appendix 5: Sangguniang Bayan Resolutions

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Appendix 6: Barangay Resolution Allocating the Local Counterpart – Panghagban

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Appendix 7: Photographs of the Road Rehabilitation Project

Existing road conditions

Existing road improvement

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Condition of the road 1

Condition of the road 2

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Condition of the road 3

Condition of the road 4

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Condition of the road 5

Condition of the road 6

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Appendix 8: Grievance Intake Form

Name of Project, Subproject and Location

Project (indicate name of project) welcomes complaints, suggestions, comments and queries regarding the project implementation and its stakeholders. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback.

Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing "(CONFIDENTIAL)" above your name.

Thank you.

Contact Information

Name Gender □ Male □ Female Home Address Age Phone No. City/Province Email Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where and how) of your grievance below:

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How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

Portion to be filled in by PPCO staff (designated Grievance Redress Mechanism Officer): Date received:

Received __ In person __ mail __ email __ fax __ phone __ sms through:

Name of staff who received comment/ complaint Position of staff:

Type of Grievance:

Remarks

Signature of staff

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Updates on the case: Date: Update Updated by (Name, Signature and Designation)

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