v

serve as a key forum for the exchange of divided students of science from those in and Brazil. Its common shares are listed on cially developed defense to an action instructional television, a preference unfor­ CONSORTEL Languages Project to information, experience, and references in the humanities. the Montreal; New York; Toronto; Van­ for copyright infringement. Copyright tunately not specified in the directory's ti­ Complete a Catalogue of Telidon this dynamic field, and will represent the Mr. Cottier noted that, 25 years later, this couver; and London, U.K. stock exchanges. is now automatic in most computer tle. Persons wishing to order a copy of the Educational Applications first national consolidation of information condition has become even more acute. At programs. Brooks directory, or to submit information, may about the educational uses of Telidon tech­ a time when the need for technological Brooks discusses ownership and transfer write to the Technology Learning Center, awareness has increased, the educational of copyrights and exclusive rights to com­ Far West Laboratory for Educational Re­ nology. AECT Publishes Book on Software Telidon, the Canadian videotex system, The accuracy and completeness of the system continues to deny students in the puter software and describes the amount search and Development, 1855 Folsom Copyright hils passed its market trials and field tests CONSORTEL Catalogue depend upon humanities a complete, "balanced" educa­ and substantiality of portions of software Street, San Francisco, California 94103. with flying colours. It is now achieving material submitted by contributing agen­ tion. that can be used without infringing on The topic of microcomputers has domi­ maturity as an electronic medium for the cies. If you are working with Telidon for "The undergraduate curriculum, as it As the number of computers in schools copyright. nated the literature of education through­ creation, storage and interactive use of text instructional purposes, CONSORTEL generally stands today, perpetuates the gap has increased, quality in the production of The book includes in other appendices out the past year, and has served as the and graphics. It has been standardized (as would like to hear from you. Whether you in knowledge between the humanities and instructional computer software has be­ a policy statement on network and multi­ theme for many published collections of NAPLPS, the North American Presentation are designing courseware, generating other the sciences," Mr. Cottier said. While there come a major issue. How that quality can ple machine software developed by the papers. The National Council of Teachers Level Protocol Syntaxl, dozens of compa­ pages of educational content, participating are, indeed, efforts to change this, through be improved is the subject of much debate, International Council for Computers in of Mathematics took up this theme in their nies have come into being to generate and in a project or trial, or drafting support a variety of local programs, these rarely go as is the issue of software piracy, which Education (ICCE), as well as guidelines f9r 1984 Yearbook entitled Computers in market support hardware and software, material, descriptions of your work will be beyond installing a few microcomputers in seriously threatens the software market. off-air recording and a sample of such Mathematics Education. This collection and agencies throughout Canada are ex­ of great interest to the consortium. For fur­ the classroom. Software developers and producers successful software licensing agreements of twenty-seven papers is divided into five ploring innovative applications for it. ther information on contributing to the Much more is needed than merely pro­ themselves readily admit that there is as that developed by Sarasota, Florida, main sections: Issues, The Computer as a One promising realm of Telidon imple­ CONSORTEL Catalogue, please don't viding students with a basic level of micro­ lamentable room for improvement in Board of Education. Teaching Aid, Teaching Mathematics mentation lies in the field of education. The delay in contacting: computer literacy, Mr. Cottier warned. the quality of instructional programs Copies of the book are $16 each, $13.50 through Programming, Diagnostic Uses of graphics protocol lends itself readily to Suzanne L. Clouthier "Students also need to be taught the essen­ now available for classroom use. Helm for AECT members. Order through the the Computer, and Bibliography. Although computer-assisted instruction and interac­ Editor, CONSORTEL tial principles of quantitative and analytic Last year, AECT and the National Insti- AECT Publications Department, 1126 Six­ all papers focus on the realm of mathema­ tive learning packages, to testing modules, 4675 West 12th Avenue though that are fundamental to science and tute of Education brought software produ­ teenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036. tics education, there are certainly several distance education, and information re­ Vancouver, B.C., V6R 2R7 engineering; principles which, when you cers and educators together at the National (1984, hardcover, 6 x 9, 152 pp, ISEN which could provide bases for much wider trieval. Teachers and students can use stan­ think about it, are also basic to a good liber­ Conference on Producer-Educator Perspec­ 0-89240-047-1, LC 84-81566) consideration: "Computers: Challenge and dard telecommunications systems to access al arts education." tives on Educational Software. The candid Opportunity" by Elizabeth Glass is essen­ Universities must not only accommodate remote educational databases. Increasing­ Conferences discussions between these two factions tiallyan overview of educational comput­ necessary changes in curriculum, said Mr. brought to light all viewpoints essential for ing; William Kraus in "The Computer as ly, educational material using the Telidon New Literature protocol is also mounted on local multi­ Cottier, but they must also participate a thorough and scholarly treatment of the a Learning Center" discusses basic ele­ user systems, or on stand-alone microcom­ Edinburgh, Scotland, June 11, 1984 -­ directly, as institutions, in an increasingly subjects of quality and copyright. It was ments of design for a computer-oriented puter systems. The adaptation of popular, Many universities are graduating students technological environment. decided that a book on this important sub­ For those interested in making contacts learning centre; Richard Shumway's inexpensive microcomputers to Telidon who can neither participate in, nor under­ "Part of that participation must include ject should follow. in the United States, the Far West Labora­ "Young Children, Programming, and through software and hardware peripher­ stand the technological revolution that is studying, teaching, and applying the new Author Virginia Helm is associate profes­ tory for Educational Research and Devel­ Mathematical Thinking" addresses a gene­ als makes Telidon/NAPLPS a particularly shaping our future, said Roy T. Cottier, information technology," he argued. sor of educational administration at Wes­ opment recently published a 1984 Direc­ ral need for computer literacy. Most papers versatile and affordable educational tool. senior vice-president, corporate relations, "The sad fact is that universities, in ge­ tern Illinois University where she teaches tory of Resources for Technology in include a reading list, however the Year­ Telidon is easy to use, and the existence Northern Telecom Limited, to an audience neral are not in the vanguard of the infor­ school law. Her doctorate in administration Education. State by state, the directory book's last offering is "Computers in the of a standard format means that course­ at the University of Edinburgh today. mation technology revolution. But they was completed at the University of Iowa, lists relevent government offices, associa­ Classrooom: a Selected Bibliography". The ware can be easily exchanged between Mr. Cottier was speaking at a ceremony should be, for information is their life­ where she became interested in the use of tions and resource organizations (including bibligraphy describes almost 100 recent ar­ institutions. to announce the first simultaneous joint blood." computers in the classroom. The Univer­ for example, ComputerTown affiliates and ticles and books on the computers-in-math In the interests of promoting the wide­ seminar between two universities, in The series of Edinburgh-Carleton semi­ sity of Iowa is noted as a leading universi­ National Diffusion Network members). theme, each item being coded as to what spread development and use of educational Canada and the United Kingdom. The nars on the social impacts of technology ty in applying computers to teaching and Other lists cover national organizations, in­ mathematical topic, computer language or material based on Telidon, CONSORTEL seminar, which includes the world's first and innovation can do much to highlight learning. stitutions offering degree programs in teaching level it addresses. Computers in (the Consortium for the Exchange of video conference satellite link between two this need, Mr. Cottier said. The seminars A small but growing body of research educational technology, computer camps, Mathematics Education must be ordered Telidon and Telematics Materials) is intro­ major universities, will take place on Oc­ will demonstrate the academic application on the effectiveness of computer­ funding sources and hardware companies, from the NCTM, 1906 Association Drive, ducing a quarterly catalogue. tober 26-27, between the University of and use of the new information technolo­ assisted instruction.. .indicate that all thoughout the U.S.A. An added feature Reston, Virginia 22091. CONSORTEL is a consortium of some Edinburgh, Scotland, and Carleton Univer­ gies, and will be "a landmark in Canadian when compared to traditional class­ is a listing of educational technology peri­ Readers of the Educational Communi­ fifty colleges, universities, public libraries sity, in Ottawa, Ontario. Studies and one of the most innovative uni­ room instruction, computers improve odicals, computerized databases and elec­ cation and Technology Journal may and other interested non-profit organiza­ The seminar is the first in a series of five versity programs directed towards one of both the level of achievement and the tronic bulletin boards. Annotations are pro­ wish to look at a paper presented to the tions, under the overall direction of the annual programs entitled Technology, In­ society's most compelling problems and rate of learning for many students. vided describing many of these informa­ 1984 Association for Education Communi­ Inter-Provincial Association for Telidon novation, and Social Change. They are be­ opportunities.', Helm tion resources. By this point in time, list­ cation and Technology Annual Convention and Telematics (IPATT). The consortium ing co-sponsored by the Centre of Cana­ Northern Telecom is the second largest In her book, Helm defines the problem ings of 1984 conferences and sununer insti­ by Bill Winn of the University of Calgary. is establishing a prototype electronic net­ dian Studies at the University of Edin­ designer and manufacturer of telecom­ of instructional software quality, examines tutes are not helpful, but one may wish to The paper entitled ECTJ and Research in work which should be operating by 1985. burgh, and the Institute of Canadian munications equipment in North America the accompanying problem of copyright put in an early order for proposed future Educational Technology attempts to put Beginning this fall, the CONSORTEL Studies at Carleton University in Ottawa. and sixth in the world. It is the world's violation, carefully explains the law, tells editions of the directory to ensure timely educational technology research into per­ Catalogue will help to inform educators Northern Telecom Limited is providing largest supplier of fully digital telecom­ you how to use software in the schools information. At present, Canadian and in­ spective, and to define within that, the role at all grade levels across Canada about $60,000 to cover general conference costs, munications systems, and is a significant legally, and how to control piracy. ternational contacts are not included, but of this influential journal. Winn is able to Telidon products for education. The cata­ the satellite link, and the purchase of supplier of integrated office systems. Valuable appendices follow. A definitive the compilers invite any organizations not pinpoint three main areas of study for edu­ logue will list and describe courseware and equipment for the initial seminar. Revenues in 1983 exceeded $3.3 billion. It paper presented at the AECT/NIE confe­ listed to send information for future edi­ cational technologists: instructional theory, lessonware, Telidon educational projects, In his remarks, Mr. Cottier reminded his employs more than 40,000 people through­ rence by prominent Washington copyright tions. Perhaps Canadian organizations will analysis of practical tasks and decision­ software and hardware products that per­ audience of the "two cultures," first de­ out the world and has research and deve­ attorney Daniel T. Brooks, entitled "Fair be considered, as no particular criteria for making techniques. He expresses some dis­ mit the implementation of educational scribed by C.P. Snow in 1959. Lord Snow lopment facilities, and 46 manufacturing Use of Educational Software," is included listing are given. The compilers have ad­ satisfaction that the bulk of ECTj's content material based on Telidon, and related used that term to describe the cultural and plants in Canada, the U.S., United in its entirety. mitted however, to a preference for re­ represents only the area of instructional papers and reports. The catalogue will intellectual barriers that had increasingly Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Malaysia, So-called "fair use" is an aged, judi- sources in the areas of microcomputing and Continued on page 27.

14 VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, 1985 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION 15 TABLE 4 emerged confirming evidence that Telidon tial for Telidon as an effective, user friendly References although not all, of the work commission­ learning system: Bits and Bytes (Don is an easy-to-use home service for other­ and student accepted system. If the termi­ Herrmann, T. (19831. Tutoring in PSI... ed is expected to be regionally informed, Robertson, TV Ontario) wise inexperienced computer users. This nal problem and the costs of telecommuni­ Distance Education: the Nigerian experi­ STUDENT RESPONSE TO THE USE Person vs Computer. ERIC Document nationally significant case studies. confirmation was also received from the cation can be resolved within a specific dis­ ence (Francis Z. Gana, Ministry of OF TELIDON DELIVERED TESTS IN No. ED233251. Small research grants ($500-1000) will be specific on campus instructional applica­ tance education project than our evidence 1 PSI available to selected individuals. Oppor­ Education, Lagos) COURSE IN ORNOTHOLOGY N = 15 Herrmann, T., & Leppmann, T.(198 1· , tions. Furthermore, while there were tech­ suggests that Telidon is the only presently Personalized for Whom? ERIC Docu­ tunities will be available for contributors Format: Canada's National audiovisual nical reliability problems, they are of suf­ available practical method of displaying de­ to attend coordination meetings and/or information system (Donald Bidd, 1. Is this the first time Moderately easy to use 100% ment No. ED187765. you have taken a Yes 100% ficiently short duration or limited fre­ tailed graphic and textual information us­ Herrmann, T. (19841. "Telidon" as an workshops/symposiums in August, 1986, National Film Board, Montreal) test using Telidon? No quency as not to man the general accepta­ ing a range of colour. It appears to provide Enhancer of Student Interest and Per­ Expo year in Vancouver. The project will Satellite Communications: Past Present 2. Did you have any bility of this service for home based infor­ intrinsic motivation to students when pro­ publish selected materials in either one of and Future. (W. Terry Kerr, Depart­ problems with the Yes 53% formance. Paper presented to the system? No 47% mation access to extension and distance perly used. American Psychological Association, four teacher/learning booklets or a mono­ ment of Communications, Ottawa) 3. What was your Very easy to use 40% education resources. The Guelph trials, unlike the educational Toronto, August, 1984. graph. Selection of contributors will be Telidon: its use in Distance Education (Dr. reaction to this Moderately easy to use 60% Two major hurdles, however, were iden­ television panacea projects of the 1960s, made in January 1985. Robert A. Abell, Alphatel Systems, technology? Difficult to use Hofstetter, Fred T. (19831. The Cost of Very difficult to use tified in the agricultural field trial which undertook to limit the scope of the applica­ PLATO in a University Environment For more information contact: Edmonton) 4. Was the test... too long? 20% are of intense importance for distance edu­ tion of Telidon to one or two specific as­ Journal of Computer Based Instruc­ Dr. D.C. Wilson, Project Coordinator Among the many AMTEC members at­ too short? 27% cation. The first is the entry cost of the ter­ pects of the course. The project team work­ Department of Social and Educational tending the 1984 ICEM conference were right length? 33% tion, 4, 148-155. no answer? 20% minal. A Telidon dedicated terminal with ed with an educational philosophy which Keller, F. S. (1968). Goodbye Teacher Studies president Bill Hanson, immediate past­ 5. What was your im· added significantly? 33% decoder, monitor and 1200 bps modem sought to emphasize student performance Journal ofApplied Behavioral Analysis Faculty of Education president Barry Brown and president-elect pression of the useful 60% costs in the vicinity of $2,000 and is a single and output rather than teacher input, Most 1, 79-89. University of British Columbia Ed Crisp. President Bill addressed the ses­ graphics used? not very useful 7% purpose device, An IBM PC type earlier media approaches have concen­ sion on the morning of the second day of 6. Was the display much too slow? Leppmann, P., & Herrmann, T.(19821. PSI, Vancouver, British Columbia time... too slow 20% microcomputer with the necessary soft­ trated on information input, i.e. the more What are the Critical Elements? ERIC V6T lZ5 the conference, bringing greetings on be­ acceptable 73% ware decoder, colour board and modem senses you use the more you can share in. Document No. ED214502. Dr. R. Lorimer, Project Coordinator half of AMTEC and describing its function very good 7% to the interested delegates. 7. How did you find inaccurate 7% will cost in the vicinity of $5,000 although Knowledge of what is expected, student Perry, W. G. Jr. (1970). Forms ofIntellectual Department of Communication the graphic depic- some uncertainty 33% the educationally priced IBM PC Jr can be practice and awareness of achievement and Ethical Development in the College Simon Fraser University The chairman of the ICEM 1984 Con­ tion of content? acceptable 47% put in service with a Telidon configuration through feedback on performance seem to Years, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Burnaby, British Columbia ference was Hans Kratz of Alberta Educa­ accurate 13% for less than $2,000. The microcomputer the author to be the most fruitful areas for tion. (Many will remember him as chair­ 8. Was the wording of Yes, very 27% Winston. V5A IS6 0 question easy to Yes, fairly 60% decision will, for many potential distance improving student learning. The Keller PSI Tucker, M. S. (1983-84). Computers on man of the highly successful AMTEC Con­ understand? No, confusing 7% education users, be based on more broad­ method and other approaches which em­ Campus: Working Papers Current Is­ ference held in Edmonton in 1979.) Hans uncertain 7% ly defined needs than for the use of Telidon phasize learner responsibility, especially in took care of every detail including the 9. Would you like to sues in Higher Education 2, 0 ICEM CONFERENCE have access to this access. With costs of this magnitude and post secondary and distance education, Continued from page 18. weather, which was perfect. After this ex­ materRil during the the elusive low cost TV Telidon adaptor not have demonstrated that such improvement perience let us hope that the Council de­ semester as a self· Yes 93% testing aid? No 7% yet in sight one is led to conclude that the is achievable. These methods, however, MEDIA NEWS tain, Nigeria, Switzerland and the U.S.A. cides to meet again in Canada before too population of home access terminals is not are costly in providing intensive and fre­ Continued from page 15 The theme of this year's conference was long. ICEM was founded in 1950 under the yet sufficient to warrant major investments quent feedback and often result in com­ theory. As editor of that journal, Winn is "Educational Technology to Enhance Lear­ name of International Council for Educa­ in creating Telidon materials for distance promises which reduce the immediacy of certainly in the position to assess trends in ning at a Distance". The program for each tion Films; the name was changed in 1966 III. Discussion and Implications education. "How will the students access the feedback and hence much of its educa­ content. Perhaps prospective day consisted of a number of speakers to International Council for the Advance­ the data?" tional power. It is in this era where the authors/researchers in the field will answer followed by a symposium involving the ment of Audiovisual Media, and in 1980 to While the two uses of the Telidon system The second major hurdle is regional in Guelph trial concentrated its study of his call for more papers on the topics of speakers for that day. All of the program International Council for Educational reported here (agricultural extension and significance and has to do with the availa­ Telidon and where its initial success analysis and design, as well as the social events were plenary session, with simul­ Media. ICEM enjoys Consultative Status, instructionI may appear unrelated to dis­ bility and cost of telecommunication ser­ occurred. aspects of educational technology. Copies taneous translation between English and type A, from UNESCO, through the Inter­ tance education, it is in combining the find­ vices. In parts of Western Canada tele­ of this conference paper may be found in French being provided over headphones. national Film and Television Council, and ings of both studies that some guidance phone line charges established for Telidon Conclusion the ERIC document collection as ED 243 A wide variety of topics was presented maintains a secretariat in Paris, France. 0 may be offered for distance education plan­ by the Government operated telephone The potential for Telidon in distance 440, or ordered from the EDRS (ERIC along the theme of Distance Education: ners. companies are extremely reasonable at 5 education lies more in the quality of th~ in­ Document Reproduction Servicel. Note Think before you leap: How to reduce pro­ The agricultural extension field trial with cents per minute in Manitoba and 6-8 cents structional design decisions than in the that EDRS has a new mailing address: 3900 blems in Distance Education (Dr. Bill COMPUTER COMMUNICATION GRASSROOTS revealed that it is possible per minute in Saskatchewan. In contrast, technology. This has always been the case Wheeler Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia Winn, University of Calgary) Continued from page 9. for a university to collaborate with a com­ Eastern Canada has no such provision with with educational media but the novelty of 22304. The Association for Educational Extending opportunity: Telidon technology mercial electronic publisher to their mutual regular voice tariffs costing at least 50 cents another system can blue one's vision of Communication and Technology (and in Vocational Education (Amelia Holmberg, B. (1982). Recent research in advantage. The University was able to get per minute. In addition rural phone lines what comes first, purpose and plan or tool. ECTJ) may be contacted at 1126 Sixteenth Turnbull, Alberta Correspondence distance education. Hagen: up to spped in a very short period of time are frequently party lines and the attach­ There are many existing forms in which Street NW, Washington, DC 20036. School) Zentrales Institut fur without the capital and operating expense ment of data terminals to such lines is not course content for distance education can Educational Teleconferencing (Dr. G. Fernstudienforschung. associated with a major database delivery permitted. The arrangement Infomart has be delivered. The test, the audiocassette, Barry Ellis, University of CalgaryI March, J. G., & Olsen, J. (19761· Ambigu­ system and network. The system operator made with Bell Canada for a special INET printed or film slide illustrations, all can Educational Technology to enhance learn­ ity and choice in organizations. gained access to a region otherwise difficult rate of 25 cents per minute in dialing area deliver content at a fraction of the cost of CALL FOR PROPOSALS ing at a distance: a systematic ap­ Bergen: Universitets-forlaget. to enter. It also gained experience in the 519 is a move in the right direction but its Telidon or other computer based systems. proach (Dr. Ron J. McBeath, San Jose Rekkedal, T. (19821. The drop-out problem design of action task software not then in cost structure will inhibit all but short ac­ What they cannot do as effectively nor as A major Secretary of State funded project State University) and what to do about it. In J. S. Daniel, use by the company. Ongoing working cess sessions by the majority of individual effeciently is provide students at a distance is soliciting proposals from individuals in­ New Realities in Educational Communica­ M. A. Stroud, &J. R. Thompson (Eds.), relationships were established which make users. The recent breakup of AT &T in the with frequent short tests of learning terested in contributing secondary curricu­ tions (Peter L. Senchuk, ACCESS Learning at a distance (pp. 118-122). it possible, subject to agreement on specific United States is resulting in rate increases achievement and immediate feedback. It lum materials or research papers on trans­ Alberta) Edmonton: ICEE Publications. applications, for the GRASSROOTS system for some institutionally provided distance . is in identifying similar limited segments portation and communication. It is expect­ Clearinghouse for Computer Software (Dr. Stewart, D. (1982). Counselling in distance to serve a number of distance education education services which threaten the con­ of distance education delivery where ed that, based upon proposals submitted, S. Jim Thiessen, General Systems education - An overview. In A. Tait, projects. The existence of the GRASS­ tinuance of these services at least in pre­ Telidon can make a useful contribution. persons selected to contribute will include Research Ltd., Edmontonl & D. Stewart (Eds.), International ROOTS network, relative ease of access, sent form. Since Canada is moving in a teachers, college instructors, university Technology in Distance Education: Im­ Workshop on Counselling and Dis­ and economy of use should not be over­ similar direction with telecommunications NOTE Based on the difficulty of serving level researchers, and other writers and proving Man's humanity to Man (Dr. tance Education lpp. 8-111. Milton looked by other institutions interested in policy, potential applications of Telidon to larger numbers of students on campus John S. Daniel, Laurentian UniversitYl Keynes: Open University/I.C.D.E. from a distant database, the University researchers. this technology for distance education, The distance education should examine this of Guelph and Tayson Information Materials to be developed will discuss By Making too many technological turns, Thompson, G. (19841. The development of analogy here is using the railway company dimension carefully and then proceed with Technolgy have developed a standalone the social, political, cultural, and/or econo­ one ends up going around in circles the educational telephone network at to transport goods rather than building caution. IBM PC based system, VITAL IVideotex mic aspects of transportation, resource ex­ (Andre Hebert, University of Quebecl the University of Wisconsin. Inter­ your own railroad or highway system. From the instructional applications Integrated Teaching and Learning national Council for Distance Edu­ System for Education and Trainingj. traction transportation, broadcasting and The TV Ontario Academy on Computers Secondly, from the agricultural field trial reported it can be seen that there is poten- new communication technologies. Much, in Education - a Canadian distance- cation Bulletin, 5 (2), 47-52. 0

26 VOLUME 14, NUMBER I, 1985 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION 27