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Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Spawning Enumeration and Related Studies at Chase River and Beck Creek, Vancouver Island

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Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Spawning Enumeration and Related Studies at Chase River and Beck Creek, Vancouver Island ·11i11~ i1~m1m11 · ~rir11i11ililni1mm~1 09076461 Scientific Excellence • Resource Protection & Conservation • Benefits for Canadians Excellence scientifique • Protection. et conservation des ressources • Benefices aux Canadiens DOCUMENT~ '·· ' r~ ~ Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Spawning Enumeration and Related Studies at Chase River and Beck Creek, Vancouver Island J. R. Irvine, R. E. Bailey, D. Imhof, F. C. Dalziel, W. Pennell, and C. Chestnut ~ Biological Sciences Branch Department of Fisheries and Oceans . Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5K6 ~ ,;t ARY : .. ;:·ORD INSTIT UT!: Of 1994 : <: .~,\ NOGRAPHY --v. 1006 ·---11TH, N.S. g?,'! - ..\2 Canadian Manuscript Report of .~ t' -~\: :::~ . .i· · ·~ ~ Fisheries .and Aquatic Sciences 2264 I ~e, . ,.. , ; ;. ~J\:~ ~~~ k.~~z..,.. .. ~ ~ ~- ~~~ .. :.:~ ~j:j ;;,·'1! c: .'!; ~ --~ , "'1;. __ ,,.'.• l+I Canada Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Manuscript reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which deals with national or regional problems. Distribu­ tion is restricted to institutions or individuals located in particular regions of Canada. However, no restriction is placed on subject matter, and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of the Department of Fis hcrics and Oceans, namely. fis hcries and aquatic sciences. Manuscript reports may be cited as fu ll publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report is abstracted in Aquaric Scimces and Fisheries Ahsrra( rs and indexed in the Department's annual index to scientific and technical publications. ]\umbers I 900 in this series were issued as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Biological Board of Canada, and subsequent to 1937 when the name of the Board was changed by Act of Parliament. as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 90 I 1425 were issued as Manuscript Reports of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 1426 1550 were issued as Department of Fisheries and the Em ironment. Fisheries and Marine Service Manuscript Reports. The current series name \\as changed with report number 1551. Manuscript reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally. Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issu ing establishment listed on the front cover and title page. Out-of-stock reports will be supplied for a fee by commercial agents. Rapport manuscrit canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports manuscrits contiennent des rcnseignements scientifiques et techni­ ques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais qui traitent de problemes nationaux ou regionaux. La distribution en est limitee aux organismes et aux personnes de regions particulieres du Canada. II n'y a aucune restriction quant au sujet; de fait, la serie reflete la vaste gamme des inten:!ts et des politiques du ministere des Peches et des Oceans. c'est-a-dire !cs sciences halieutiques et aquatiques. Les rapports manuscrits pement etre cites comme des publications completes. Le titre exact para it au-dessus du resume de chaque rapport. Les rapports manuscrits sont resumes dans la revue Resumes des sciences aquariques er haliewiques, et ils sont classes dans !'index annuel des publications scientifiques et techniques du M inistere. Les numcros I a 900 de cette scrie ont ete publies a titre de manuscrits (serie biologique) de !'Office de biologic du Canada, et a pres le changement de la designation de cet organisme par decret du Parlement. en 1937. ont ete classes comme manuscrits (serie biologique) de !'Office des recherches sur !es pecheries du Canada. Les numeros 90 I a 1425 ont etc publies a titre de rapports manuscrits de !'Office des recherches sur !es pecheries du Canada. Les numeros 1426 a 1550 sont parus a titre de rapports manuscrits du Service des peches ct de la mer. ministere des Peches et de !'Environne­ ment. Le nom actuel de la serie a ete etabli !ors de la parution du numcro 1551. Les rapports manuscrits sont produits a !'echelon regional. mais numerotes a !'echelon national. Les demandes de rapports seront satisfaites par l'etablissement auteur dont le nom figure sur la couverture et la page du titre. Les rapports epuises seront fournis contre retribution par des agents commerciaux. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2264 1994 COHO SALMON \Oncorhynchus kisutch) SPAWNING ENUMERATION AND RELATED STUDIES AT CHASE RIVER AND BECK CREEK, VANCOUVER ISLAND by 1 2 J. R. Irvine, R. E. Bailey, D .. lmhof , F. C. Dalziel , 2 3 W. Pennell , and C. Chestnut Biological Sciences Branch Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5K6 Dept. Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B. C. V5A 1 S6. 2 Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Malaspina University College, 900-5th Street, Nanaimo, 8.C. V9R 5S5 3 Resource Management Officer Trainee Program, Malaspina University College, 900-5th Street, Nanaimo, B.C. V9R 555 ii {c) Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1994 Cat. No. Fs 97-4/2264E ISSN 0706-6473 Correct citation for this publication: Irvine, J. R., R. E. Bailey, D. Imhof, F. C. Dalziel, W. Pennell, and C. Chestnut. 1994. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) spawning enumeration and related studies at Chase River and Beck Creek, Vancouver Island. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2264: 31 p. iii TABLE Of CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES . iv LIST OF FIGURES . v ABSTRACT . vi RESUME . vi INTRODUCTION . 1 STUDY AREA . 1 Chase River . 1 Historical Perspective . 2 Beck Creek . <!I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • II • • 3 METHODS............................................... 4 Chase River Physical Data . 4 1993 Population Estimates . 4 Mark-Recapture . 4 Area-Under-The Curve . 5 Fish counts . 5 Observer Efficiency . 5 Residence Time . 6 Coded-wire Tag Returns . 6 RESULTS . 7 Chase River Physical Data . 7 Population Estimates . 7 Mark Recapture . 7 Area-Under-the-Curve . 8 Age and Sex Composition . 9 Coded-Wire Tag Returns . 9 DISCUSSION . 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................... 11 REFERENCES . 1 2 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1 . Locations, lengths, and gradients of the four strata on the Chase River (A-0), one stratum on Catstream (E), and three strata on Beck Creek (l,M, and U) . 13 Table 2. Index sites for stratified index sampling in Chase River and Beck Creek watersheds . 14 Table 3. Mark-recapture statistics for adult coho before (a) and after pooling (b) ...................•. It • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 15 Table 4. Summary of 1993 coho escapement estimates . 16 Table 5. Expanded (for sampling rate only) coded-wire tag recovery information for 1990 brood year Chase River coho smolts, released May 4 1992 ......................................... 17 Table 6. Summary of coho escapement estimates for the Chase River and Beck Creek (excluding any fish taken for brood stock) . 18 v UST Of FIGURES Figure 1 . Locations of the Chase River and Beck Creek watersheds showing the strata and index sites for area-under-the-curve (AUC) sampling (latter identified by black dots). Inset shows location of study area on Vancouver Island . 19 Figure 2. Stream gradient profiles for Chase River, Catstream, and Beck Creek . 21 3 1 0 Figure 3. Discharge (m s" ) and temperature (C ) data for the Chase River, Oct. 15 to Dec. 31, 1993 ................................ 23 Figure 4. Plot of numbers of adult coho observed during visual surveys in the Chase River versus actual numbers of fish present, with line of best fit . 25 Figure 5. Graph of results from AUC surveys at Chase River, 1993 (numbers of adult coho salmon versus time). Day 0 was 15 October 1993 . 27 Figure 6. Graph of results from AUC surveys at Chase River, 1993 (numbers of jack coho salmon versus time). Day 0 was 15 October 1993 . 29 Figure 7. Graph of results from AUC surveys at Beck Creek, 1993 (numbers of adult coho salmon versus time). Day 0 was 2 December 1993 . 31 vi ABSTRACT Irvine, J. R., R. E. Bailey, D. Imhof, F. C. Dalziel, W. Pennell, and C. Chestnut. 1994. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) spawning enumeration and related studies at Chase River and Beck Creek, Vancouver Island. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2264: 31 p. Results of coho salmon spawning escapement studies from 1988-1993 in two streams near Nanaimo are provided with details on the 1993 surveys. Escapements were estimated using two techniques; mark-recapture, and area­ under-the-curve with visual survey data. Approximately 900 adult coho and 127 jack coho returned to Chase River in 1993, and 99 adult coho and 16 jacks returned to nearby Beck Creek. The fishery exploitation on these fish was about 80% with recreational and commercial fisheries in the Strait of Georgia accounting for most of the catch. RESUME Irvine, J. R., R. E. Bailey, D. Imhof, F. C. Dalziel, W. Pennell, and C. Chestnut. 1994. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) spawning enumeration and related studies at Chase River and Beck Creek, Vancouver Island. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2264: 31 p. Nous presentons les resultats des etudes concernant les echappees de saumon coho, de 1988 a 1993, dans deux cours d'eau proches de Nanaimo, ainsi que des details sur les releves de 1993. Deux methodes ont ete employees pour calculer les echappees : le marquage avec recapture, et l'aire delimitee par la courbe etablie avec les donnees du denombrement visuel. En 1993, environ
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