Civil Rights Movement Scrapbooks, 1947-1969
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Freedom North Studies, the Long Civil Rights Movement, and Twentieth
JUHXXX10.1177/0096144216635149Journal of Urban HistoryReview Essay 635149review-article2016 Review Essay Journal of Urban History 2016, Vol. 42(3) 634 –640 Freedom North Studies, the © The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permissions: Long Civil Rights Movement, and sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav juh.sagepub.com Twentieth-Century Liberalism in American Cities Patrick D. Jones (2009). The Selma of the North: Civil Rights Insurgency in Milwaukee. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. xiii, 318 pp., maps, photos, notes, bibliography, index, $45.00 (cloth), $22.95 (paper). Phyllis Palmer (2008). Living as Equals: How Three White Communities Struggled to Make Interracial Connections during the Civil Rights Era. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. x, 299 pp., illustrations, notes, index, $69.95 (cloth), $27.95 (paper). Jerald Podair (2008). Bayard Rustin: American Dreamer. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. xiii, 173 pp., photographs, documents, bibliographical essay, index, $32.95 (cloth). Thomas J. Sugrue (2008). Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North. New York: Random House. xiii, 720 pp., illustrations, notes, index, $35 (cloth). Reviewed by: Brian Purnell, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, USA DOI: 10.1177/0096144216635149 Keywords social movements, interracial, civil rights, Black Power, post-WWII “For historians and general readers interested in the civil rights movement’s past,” writes Eric Arnesen, “these are indeed the best of times. Every month, it seems, new books roll off the presses of university and trade publishing houses, while academic journals and television docu- mentaries present specialized or general interpretations to their respective audiences.” Arnesen’s comment came before the fiftieth anniversaries of major civil rights movement milestones. -
The US Anti- Apartheid Movement and Civil Rights Memory
BRATYANSKI, JENNIFER A., Ph.D. Mainstreaming Movements: The U.S. Anti- Apartheid Movement and Civil Rights Memory (2012) Directed by Dr. Thomas F. Jackson. 190pp. By the time of Nelson Mandela’s release from prison, in 1990, television and film had brought South Africa’s history of racial injustice and human rights violations into living rooms and cinemas across the United States. New media formats such as satellite and cable television widened mobilization efforts for international opposition to apartheid. But at stake for the U.S. based anti-apartheid movement was avoiding the problems of media misrepresentation that previous transnational movements had experienced in previous decades. Movement participants and supporters needed to connect the liberation struggles in South Africa to the historical domestic struggles for racial justice. What resulted was the romanticizing of a domestic civil rights memory through the mediated images of the anti-apartheid struggle which appeared between 1968 and 1994. Ultimately, both the anti-apartheid and civil rights movements were sanitized of their radical roots, which threatened the ongoing struggles for black economic advancement in both countries. MAINSTREAMING MOVEMENTS: THE U.S. ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT AND CIVIL RIGHTS MEMEORY by Jennifer A. Bratyanski A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Greensboro 2012 Approved by Thomas F. Jackson Committee -
"I AM a 1968 Memphis Sanitation MAN!": Race, Masculinity, and The
LaborHistory, Vol. 41, No. 2, 2000 ªIAMA MAN!º: Race,Masculinity, and the 1968 MemphisSanitation Strike STEVEESTES* On March 28, 1968 Martin LutherKing, Jr. directeda march ofthousands of African-American protestersdown Beale Street,one of the major commercial thoroughfares in Memphis,Tennessee. King’ splane had landedlate that morning, and thecrowd was already onthe verge ofcon¯ ict with thepolice whenhe and other members ofthe Southern Christian LeadershipConference (SCLC) took their places at thehead of the march. The marchers weredemonstrating their supportfor 1300 striking sanitation workers,many ofwhom wore placards that proclaimed, ªIAm a Man.ºAs the throng advanceddown Beale Street,some of the younger strike support- ersripped theprotest signs off the the wooden sticks that they carried. Theseyoung men,none of whomwere sanitation workers,used the sticks to smash glass storefronts onboth sidesof the street. Looting ledto violent police retaliation. Troopers lobbed tear gas into groups ofprotesters and sprayed mace at demonstratorsunlucky enough tobe in range. High above thefray in City Hall, Mayor HenryLoeb sat in his of®ce, con®dent that thestrike wasillegal, andthat law andorder wouldbe maintained in Memphis.1 This march wasthe latest engagement in a®ght that had raged in Memphissince the daysof slaveryÐ acon¯ict over African-American freedomsand civil rights. In one sense,the ª IAm aManºslogan wornby thesanitation workersrepresented a demand for recognition oftheir dignity andhumanity. This demandcaught whiteMemphians bysurprise,because they had always prided themselvesas being ªprogressiveºon racial issues.Token integration had quietly replaced public segregation in Memphisby the mid-1960s, butin the1967 mayoral elections,segregationist candidateHenry Loeb rodea waveof white backlash against racial ªmoderationºinto of®ce. -
Of Steel Belted Radial Tires O£Ro Police Patro~ Car~
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. NBS Special Report on an Publication Investigation of the 480-18 High Speed aza $ of Steel Belted Radial Tires o£ro Police Patro~ Car~ ~ law Enforrcem ant I Equipment Tect"inology LOA~ DOCUMENT RETURN TO: NCJRS P. O. BOX 24036 S. W: POST OFFICE WASHINGTON, D.C. ~CD24 U.S~ DEPARTMENT Of COMMERCE National Bureau of Standards NBS Special Report on an Publscation Investigation of the 480-18 Hi Speed Hazards .il of Steel Belted Radial Tires on Police Cars by Jared J. Collard Law Enforcement Standards Laboratory Center for Consumer Product Technology National Bureau of Standards Washington, D. C. 20234 'I prepared for National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Law Enforcement Assistance Administration U.S. Department of Justice Washington, D. C. 20531 ~Ul6 ~grl ACQUiSiTiONS Issued June 1977 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary Dr. Sidney Harman, Under Secretary Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology NATIONA~ BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acting Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Collard, Jared J. Report on an investigation of the high speed hazards of steel belted radial tires on police patrol cars. (Law enforcement equipment technology) (NBS special publica tion ; 480-18) Supt. of Docs. no.: CI3.10/480:18 1. Police vehicles-Tires. 2. Tires, Rubber-Standards. I. National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice. n. Law Enforce ment Standards Laboratory. III. Title: Report on an investigation of the high speed hazards of steel belted radial tires. -
Unit 13 Civil Rights Movements in the United States
UNIT 13 CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES Structure 13.1 Introduction Aims and Objectives 13.2 Discrimination of the Disadvantaged Groups 13.2.1 African Americans 13.3 Black Civil Rights Movements 13.4 Consequences of Civil Rights Movements 13.4.1 Native Americans 13.4.2 Hispanic and Asian Americans 13.4.3 Women and Civil Rights Movements 13.4.4 Rights of Homosexuals 13.5 Democrats and Civil Rights 13.6 Republicans and Civil Rights 13.7 Summary 13.8 Terminal Questions Suggested Readings 13.1 INTRODUCTION Mahatma Gandhi’s influence on civil rights movements around the world is beyond anyone’s doubt. Non-violent resistance through non-cooperation and civil disobedience are powerful tools of the deprived over the privileged sections of the society. Gandhi’s influence is nowhere more discernible in the developed West than in the United States itself. Martin Luther King, Jr., the leader who led the non-violent civil rights movement, in the United States to empower the African Americans, was highly inspired by Mahatma Gandhi. Civil rights denote the rights of individuals to equal protection under the laws of the land and equal access to public amenities and services in society. Civil rights differ from civil liberties. Significantly, civil liberties involve freedom of speech and expression and other freedoms of the citizens that are protected from the possible violation by the government. Civil rights, on the other hand, refer to individual members or groups—whether racial, religious and others—who need to be treated equally by the government and even by the private parties to a certain extent. -
The Persistent Effect of U.S. Civil Rights Protests on Political Attitudes
The Persistent Effect of U.S. Civil Rights Protests on Political Attitudes Soumyajit Mazumder Harvard University Abstract: Protests can engender significant institutional change. Can protests also continue to shape a nation’s contemporary politics outside of more formalized channels? I argue that social movements can not only beget institutional change, but also long-run, attitudinal change. Using the case of the U.S. civil rights movement, I develop a theory in which protests can shift attitudes and these attitudes can persist. Data from over 150,000 survey respondents provide evidence consistent with the theory. Whites from counties that experienced historical civil rights protests are more likely to identify as Democrats and support affirmative action, and less likely to harbor racial resentment against blacks. These individual-level results are politically meaningful—counties that experienced civil rights protests are associated with greater Democratic Party vote shares even today. This study highlights how social movements can have persistent impacts on a nation’s politics. Replication Materials: The data, code, and any additional materials required to replicate all analyses in this arti- cle are available on the American Journal of Political Science Dataverse within the Harvard Dataverse Network, at: http://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/WKJJ3Z. ocial movements are generally associated with pe- titude change among the target public.1 Second, historical riods of massive political and economic change. ideational change persists long after a social movement’s S These movements may spur democratization such life through a system of intergenerational transmission of as the case with the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia, beliefs. Together, these theoretical premises suggest that enfranchise oppressed racial or ethnic groups as seen with social movements can shift public opinion in the long the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, or hasten run. -
Ebony Magazine and the Civil Rights Movement
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 5-2018 Black Business as Activism: Ebony Magazine and the Civil Rights Movement Seon Britton The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2659 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] BLACK BUSINESS AS ACTIVISM EBONY MAGAZINE AND THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT by SEON BRITTON A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York 2018 © 2018 SEON BRITTON All rights reserved ii Black Business as Activism: Ebony Magazine and the Civil Rights Movement by Seon Britton This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in satisfaction of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. Date Karen Miller Thesis Advisor Date Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Black Business as Activism: Ebony Magazine and the Civil Rights Movement by Seon Britton Advisor: Karen Miller In the fight for justice, equality, and true liberation, African American organizations and institutions have often acted as a voice for the African American community at large focusing on common issues and concerns. With the civil rights movement being broadcast across the world, there was no better time for African American community and civil rights organizations to take a role within the movement in combatting the oppression, racism, and discrimination of white supremacy. -
Download JANUARY 1961.Pdf
' r-' = '= 1961 :Federal Bureau of Investigation JANCARY United State", Departnlent of Justice Vol. 30 No.1 J. Edgar 1100 ver, Director FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin JANUARY 1961 Vol.30 No.1 CONTENTS Pille Statement of Director J. Edgar Hoover. 1 Feature Article: Care Is Necessary in Apprehending the Mentally Ill, by Loyd W. Rowland, Ph. D. , Executive Director of the Louisiana Association for Mental Health, New Orleans, La. .. 3 Police Training: Budding Detectives Get Early Training in Columbus, Ga., by Capt. Clyde R. Adair, Commanding Officer, Detective Division, Colum- bus, Ga., Police Department . ., 6 FBI National Academy: National Academy Graduates 65 Men in 66th Session 8 Scientific Aids: Hairs and Fibers Prove Valuable in HitRun Cases 15 Other Topic,: Cooperation Vital in Meeting Threat of Organized Crime (Part I) 18 Juvenile Gangs and Underworld Have Own Lingo 22 Wanted by the FBI . .. 28 Identification: Nevada Sheriff Seeks Identity of Dead Youth 27 Questionable Pattern . Back Cover Published by the FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington 25, D.C. llIniteb §tutelJ il~purtm~nt of 1JulJtir~ lIl~b~rul m1tr~uu of Inu~lJti!Juthtn Dlfulll1in!Jton 25, il. <!!. January 1, 1961 TO ALL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAlS: This is an era when teenage terrorism has become so common place that the American public has virtually built up a shock resistance to vicious murders, rapes, assaults, robberies, and, in fact, the entire spectrum of atrocious crimes committed by young people. I have long felt that the term "juvenile delinquency" is a mis nomer since the depredations of young criminals start at home and can more accurately be attributed to "adult delinquency." At the same time, the brutality of the crimes committed by teenagers certainly pales the all-inclusive, pampering, palliative phrase of "juvenile delinquency" which is used today. -
History of Civil Rights in the United States: a Bibliography of Resources in the Erwin Library, Wayne Community College
History of Civil Rights in the United States: A Bibliography of Resources in the Erwin Library, Wayne Community College The History of civil rights in the United States is not limited in any way to the struggle to first abolish slavery and then the iniquitous “Jim Crow” laws which became a second enslavement after the end of the American Civil War in 1865. Yet, since that struggle has been so tragically highlighted with such long turmoil and extremes of violence, it has become, ironically perhaps, the source of the country’s greatest triumph, as well as its greatest shame. The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, who would have sought to guide the reunion of the warring states with a leniency and clear purpose which could possibly have prevented the bitterness that gave rise to the “Jim Crow” aberrations in the Southern communities, seems to have foreshadowed the renewed turmoil after the assassination in 1968 of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who had labored so long to awaken the nation non-violently, but unwaveringly, to its need to reform its laws and attitudes toward the true union of all citizens of the United States, regardless of color. In 2014, we are only a year past the observation of two significant anniversaries in 2013: the 150th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, re-focusing the flagging Union’s purpose on the abolition of slavery as an outcome of the Civil War, and the 50th anniversary of the “I Have a Dream” speech, delivered by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. -
American Resilience
American Resilience Riley Kovalcheck History Faculty Advisor: Dr. David Welky Editor’s Note: Ms. Kovalchek’s article originally appeared as a series of posts on a multi-media web blog. If you wish to view her complete project, please go to https://rileykovalcheck.wixsite.com/americanresilience To begin, I'll admit this project began as a mandatory assignment for one of my classes, Recent American History. My professor, Dr. Welky, started the semester off by asking each student to identify 1) the most important theme in American history since the 1960s or 2) the three most influential individuals in this period of American history. My initial thought was to focus on three of my biggest inspirations (and three badass men) - Martin Luther King Jr., John Lewis, and Barack Obama. To me, those three individuals personify unity, perseverance, and resilience. As I started brainstorming, a bigger picture came to mind... This theme of overwhelming resilience in the African- American community across the nation. There is no doubt that as a whole, this demographic has single-handedly been more suppressed than any other throughout the history of the United States, but yet even more resilient in the long run. So, for this project, I decided to focus on this overall theme of resilience CLA Journal 6 (2018) pp. 144-181 145 - solely among African-Americans - and in particular, the role of men in politics, women in their local communities, and the unification and organization in social movements like the Black Panthers and Black Lives Matter. To highlight how revolutionary these accomplishments were, I will also discuss white resistance that was overcome in the process. -
Section 17 Civil Rights and Social Movements in the Americas
Section 17 Civil rights and social movements in the Americas This section focuses on the origins, nature, challenges and achievements of civil rights movements after 1945. Movements represented the attempts to achieve equality for groups that were not recognized or accepted as full members of society. The groups challenged established authority and entrenched attitudes. Native Americans and civil rights: Latin America, the United States and Canada African Americans and the Civil Rights Movement: origins, tactics and organizations; the US Supreme court and legal challenges to segregation in education; ending of the segregation in the South (1955-65) Role of Dr Martin Luther King in the Civil Rights Movement; the rise of radical African American activism (1965-8): Black Panthers; Black Muslims; Black Power and Malcolm X Role of governments in civil rights movements in the Americas Youth culture and protests of the 1960s and 1970s: characteristics and manifestation of a counterculture Feminist movements in the Americas 1. To what extent can Martin Luther King be said to have achieved his goals in the Civil Rights movement? (M12) 2. Compare and contrast the impact of the Feminist movements in two countries of the Americas after 1945. (M12) 3. Compare and contrast the tactics used by two organizations within the Civil Rights Movement to end segregation in the South between 1955 and 1965. (N12) 4. Assess the success of feminist movements in one country in the Americas. (N12) 5. Evaluate the successes and failures of the feminist movement in one country of the region during the period 1945–1979. (M13) 6. How successful were United States governmental institutions in advancing civil rights for African Americans after 1945? (M13) 7. -
Handbook for Nonviolent Campaigns Second Edition
handbook_2014.qxp 17/06/2014 19:40 Page 1 Handbook for Nonviolent Campaigns Second Edition Published by War Resisters’ International Second Edition June 2014 ISBN 978-0-903517-28-7 Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/) 1 handbook_2014.qxp 17/06/2014 19:40 Page 2 2 handbook_2014.qxp 17/06/2014 19:40 Page 3 CREDITS The process of writing this Handbook was a collective effort, with people from across the world (more than 20 countries) contributing their time, skills, knowledge and resources. The first edition was translated into 10 languages. The second edition was expanded on by a range of writers and contributors. All of the content and translations are available for free online at http://wri-irg.org/pubs/NonviolenceHandbook Coordinator: Andrew Dey Editorial Committee: Javier Gárate, Subhash Kattel, Christine Schweitzer and Joanne Sheehan Editorial consultant: Mitzi Bales Layout: Contributors to both editions of the handbook include: Ahmadullah Archiwal, Eric Bachman, Roberta Bacic, Jagat Basnet, April Carter, Janet Cherry, Jungmin Choi, Howard Clark, Jake Coleman, Lavinia Crossley, Jagat Deuja, Denise Drake, Hilal Demir, Luke Finn, Abraham Gebreyesus Mehreteab, Dan Glass, Symon Hill, Ruth Hiller, Ippy, Yeo Jeewoo, Jørgen Johansen, Sian Jones, Randy Kehler, Adele Kirsten, Boro Kitanoski, Hans Lammerant, Cattis Laska, Tali Lerner, Benard Lisamadi Agona, Dieter Lünse, Brian Martin, Jason MacLeod, Shannon McManimon, Rosa Moiwend, Michael Randle, Andrew Rigby, Vicki Rovere, Chesterfield Samba, Ruben Dario Santamaria, Vivien Sharples, Martin Smedjeback, Majken Sorensen, Andreas Speck, Jill Sternberg, Roel Stynen, Miles Tanhira, Katja Tempel, Cecil Barbeito Thonon, Ferda Ûlker, Sahar Vardi, Stellan Vinthagen, Steve Whiting, Dorie Wilsnack.