2012-2013 Concerts for Young People Atlanta Symphony Education & Community Engagement Staff the American Journey Mark B. Kent, Vice President for Education and Community Engagement Niki Baker, Manager of Ensembles and Instruction through Janice Crews, D.M.A., Professional Learning Teaching Artist Tiffany Jones, Education Associate – Sales and Recruitment Music Ahmad Mayes, Community Programs Manager with the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra

With deepest gratitude…

Major support is provided by the This project is supported in part by an award City of Atlanta Office of Cultural Affairs. from the National Endowment for the Arts

Major funding for this program is This program is supported in part by the Georgia Council provided by the Fulton County Board of for the Arts through the appropriations of the Georgia Commissioners under the guidance of General Assembly. GCA also receives support from its the Fulton County Arts Council. partner agency, the National Endowment for the Arts.

The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra thanks the following organizations for their support of our Education and Community Programs. The support of these corporations, foundations and individuals is invaluable in helping us reach and educate diverse communities.

Abraham J. & Phyllis Katz Foundation The Helen Plummer Charitable Foundation Brown & Moore Associates, LLC Publix Super Markets & The Coca-Cola Company Publix Super Markets Charities, Inc. Delta Air Lines Remillard & Associates, Inc. E Z Agape Foundation SunTrust Bank Trusteed Foundation – Georgia Pacific Walter H. and Marjory M. Rich Meet the InterContinental Hotels Group Memorial Fund Cover art by Elle SchusterCover art by Elle Schuster Links, Inc., Azalea City Chapter SunTrust Foundation Orchestra The Society, Inc., Greater Atlanta Chapter Livingston Foundation, Inc. Activities Wells Fargo on page 2! Massey Charitable Trust The William Randolph Hearst Inside! Name MetLife Foundation Endowed Fund Primerica, Inc. The Zeist Foundation, Inc. Class The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra De ar student, The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra (ASO) was founded in 1945 and has about 90 musicians. In the past 32 years, the ASO and ASO Chorus America is a proud nation of diverse people – a true have recorded more than 100 albums and received an impressive 27 “melting pot” of people from all over the world. From Native GRAMMY® Awards, the highest honor in the music industry. The ASO American folk music to modern day Rock & Roll, the music performs at Atlanta Symphony Hall, the Verizon Wireless Amphitheater, Chastain Park, and in many places throughout the of America tells the story of how our country has evolved community. With over 200 concerts each season, the ASO performs over time. In this book, you will learn about the music you for more than half a million audience members every year! are going to hear at the Next Generation Concert. Discover Jere Flint plays the in the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and how each time period of American history has influenced is also the ASO Staff Conductor. Mr. Flint conducts all of the education concerts for students, concerts for families, and the Atlanta Symphony our music. The music you hear will reflect these time Youth Orchestra. He was born in Long Island, New York, where he grew periods. Sometimes, music from a more recent time is up playing baseball and running track. He started playing music as a young boy and would also practice conducting to his favorite influenced by the past. As you explore the instruments of recordings. Mr. Flint gives this advice: “Take up an instrument or just the orchestra and the music presented in this concert, you sing, and pursue all kinds of music, whether it is classical, pop, rock, will hear many types of music that originated in America. and/or jazz. Even if you don’t make Your friends, a career of music, Ta ble of Contents it will always be 1400 > Early American Indian...... 4 The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra an important and 1492 > Early Settlers ...... 5 enjoyable part of 1782 > The Revolutionary War ...... 7 your life.” Mr. Flint 1783 > American Independence...... 8 has been a part of 1790 > Post-Revolutionary War ...... the ASO for over 9 30 years! 1800 > The Start of Western Expansion. . . . 10 1860 > The First Industrial Revolution . . . . 11 Your journey through 1861 > The Civil War...... 12 1866 > Reconstruction ...... 14 American music with the 1893 > A New Century...... 16 1930 > Early 20th Century America . . . . . 17 Atlanta Symphony 1950 > Post-WWII ...... 19 1970 > The Civil Rights Era ...... 21 Orchestra begins now! 1971 > Modern u .S . History...... 24 2000 > The Rock/Pop Movement ...... 25 2000 > Contemporary America...... 26 The Future of Music...... 28 1 Meet the Orchestra! Wow In 2009, Wow archaeologists found a Long before brass 35,000-year-old flute made out of the wing-bone What is a Symphony Orchestra? instruments were invented, people buzzed of a giant prehistoric A symphony orchestra is a large group of musicians who play their lips into conch instruments from each musical family – the string, brass, woodwind, shells and animal vulture! and percussion families. These musicians are lead by a conductor who horns! Brass waves his or her arms to the beat to help the musicians play together. instrum are made of metalent and There are between 80 and 100 people in a full-sized orchestra! make a sound when thes Composers often write symphonies, which simply means player buzzes his or her Wow lips into a metal cup Many string a long, complex piece of music for an orchestra. called a mouthpiece. instruments use a bow, which is made of a wooden stick and the hair from a horse’s mane or tail. The horse hair is scratchy and Wow helps pull the string and make it vibrate! Percussionists in an orchestra are sometimes required to play unusual things, like anvils, brake drums, or whistles!

2 3 1400 > Early American Indian Early Settlers 1492 >

Eal r y American Indian N ative Americans, also called American Indians, 1492 > were living in North America long before immigrants came to their land, thousands of years before the land you live in now was ever I Can Hear It! called the United States of America. American Wow Indians played flutes and drums to accompany When MacDowell composed music for the their singing and dancing, and their music What to Listen for in musicians he knew, he used the often marked important times of year, such as MacDowell’s “In War-time”: name Edgar Thorn because he celebrations of the planting season or harvest. didn’t want his friends to feel As you listen to “In War-time,” check off the things you hear on the following list. pressured to perform his music. Beginning: Low, quiet flute melody, inspired by So, how can a symphony orchestra play a Native American flute melody ?? music that sounds Native American? take over for a moment with a bold Native American Indian Suite, III . “In War-time”(1897) pow-wow song, and then the dynamics (volume) build as the strings Edward MacDowell (1860–1908) take over the melody. American composer Edward MacDowell was not a Native American and didn’t live at the time when American Indians were the only inhabitants in this country. However, MacDowell wrote his Indian Suite Middle: Intensity builds- the woodwinds and strings play higher and at a time when American symphonic composers used faster, adding to the chaos of this musical battle scene. Native American and African American folk music in End: A dramatic finish: the entire orchestra plays W their compositions. This trend was encouraged by the repeated notes all together. Native Americansow Czech composer Anton Dvořák (see page 16), who said that make their drums, What else do you hear or imagine when you America needed a national style of music. You can learn more about all flutes, rattles, and other listen to “In War-time”? of the Next Generation composers at www.aso.org/edu. instruments out of natural Answer below. materials such as wood, Edward MacDowell was born in New York City and animal hide, bone, and started playing the at age 8. He became a well- turtle shells. known conductor, composer, and piano teacher and also spent time in Europe. MacDowell was one of the first internationally famous American composers, perhaps due to the invention of the gramophone and phonograph in the late 1870s, which made sound Wow recordings more widely available and helped MacDowell to share his music with the world. Native American music includes ancient secret songs which are used for special ceremonies and 4 5 never, ever change. Eal r y Settlers The revolutionary war 1782 > 1492 > A merica, the “Melting Pot” Yankee Doodle (1945) 1782 > America is called a “melting pot” of different Morton Gould (1913–1996) cultures. Early settlers from European countries Composers are often influenced by traditional music from such as Spain, England, and France made their America’s past. For example, almost 200 years after Yankee homes on the Eastern coast of America. The Doodle was first sung, composer Morton Gould wrote his own Europeans brought with them African slaves, variations on the traditional American tune. A variation is a way and the blending of different people lead to a that a composer can rewrite a melody over and over again by blending of their music. Traditional European changing the instruments, tempo (speed), dynamics, or other classical music for symphony orchestra also made its way to North characteristics, all while keeping the melody recognizable. Gould America’s shores. Meanwhile, America as a nation was taking shape. rewrote the famous melody of Yankee Doodle in many different ways, making it a very entertaining piece of music. T he American Revolutionary War (1775–1782) Morton Gould was born in New York City in 1913. He began playing the piano at Early settlers established 13 colonies and were called “Colonists,” but England age 4 and published his first composition at the age of 6! In his long life, Gould still ruled over them from across the Atlantic Ocean. Over time, growing composed Broadway scores, film and television music, ballet scores, and disagreements between British rulers and Colonists erupted into a war. General orchestral music. He was a Pulitzer Prize and Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winner. During World War II, he wrote George Washington led the Colonists in what is known as the Revolutionary War. several patriotic pieces of music to inspire the American On July 4th, 1776, the Declaration of Independence decreed that Wow people, including Yankee Doodle. Americans would no longer consider themselves part of Always open to new styles, Gould wrote England. Americans still celebrate Independence Day every 4th of July with parades and fireworks! The Jogger and the Dinosaur for orchestra I Can Hear It! and rapper! Yankee Doodle (around 1760) Traditional song, composer uncertain What to Listen for in Yankee Doodle : Yankee Doodle went to town, riding on a pony Morton Gould’s Yankee Doodle presents the traditional W Stuck a feather in his cap and called it macaroni! ow American melody in many different ways. The strings, brass, Gould once said, Yankee Doodle was originally a song even the state and woodwinds take turns presenting the melody in different “composing is my that the British sang during the song of Connecticut! styles. The piece ends with jazz drums playing swing life blood.” Revolutionary War to make fun of rhythms, a reflection of the Jazz Era, which grew from African The drum and fife (a small American traditions. American troops. A “Yankee” was a flute, similar to a piccolo) negative term for an American, and Activity: Listen to Gould’s version of Yankee Doodle. were used during the “doodle” meant “fool.” The British sang American Revolutionary How many variations of the Yankee Doodle melody do you hear? Count them as that “Yankee Doodle” was riding a pony War to lead marching you listen. Does the number of variations you hear match that of your neighbor? (not a horse) and was silly to think that soldiers into battle, Pair & share, discussing this with a classmate. Then, listen again even more putting a feather in his hat would make often playing carefully to see if your number changes! him look like a “macaroni,” or a fancily- Yankee Doodle. dressed man. Ironically, Americans adopted this song as their own, and it is 6 7 1783 > American Independence post-revolutionary war 1790 > S haping America 1783 > After the Revolutionary War, the leaders of the 13 original colonies (including Aaron Copland is one of America’s most famous Georgia!) created the Constitution of the United States and elected George composers. He was born in Brooklyn, New York, Washington as the first President of theU nited States. Hardworking citizens to Russian immigrants. As a boy, Copland learned now called themselves “Americans” and enjoyed the freedom of religion about music from his mother, who sang and played established by our country’s Founding Fathers. Much the piano, and also from Jewish weddings and of the earliest American music was inspired by religion ceremonies. He took piano lessons and worked and used as an expression of faith. in his parents’ store to earn money to buy sheet music. Copland first explored composing at age 11. When he was 15, he was so inspired by a concert Simple Gifts (1848) he heard that he officially decided to become a composer. He won a Pulitzer Prize and global Joseph Brackett, Jr. (1797–1882) recognition for Appalachian Spring. ’Tis the gift to be simple, ’tis the gift to be free ’Tis the gift to come down where we ought to be, And when we find ourselves in the place just right, ’Twill be in the valley of love and delight. I Can Hear It! When true simplicity is gain’d, To bow and to bend we shan’t be asham’d, To turn, turn will be our delight, What to listen for in Copland’s Appalachian ’Till by turning, turning we come ’round right. Spring, “Variations on a Shaker Melody”: Copland wrote variations on Brackett’s Shaker melody , much like Gould Joseph Brackett, Jr. was an American songwriter and church leader of the Shaker Simple Gifts did with his version of . Copland wrote 5 main variations in this piece. religion. The Shakers were known for their enthusiastic praise dancing. Brackett wrote Yankee Doodle Simple Gifts in 1848 as a spiritual dancing song or “quick dance.” However, the song Activity: Listen to V ariations on a Shaker Melody. Can you hear was unknown outside the Shaker religion until composer Aaron Copland included each variation? As you listen, follow the list below. it in his score for Martha Graham’s Ballet, Appalachian Spring. The ballet was first performed in October, 1944, almost 100 years after Simple Gifts was first sung. Short Introduction: Strings and horn in Variation 4: Woodwinds only, 2nd half The lyrics of the song reflect an appreciation for the “simple gifts” of life in America. canon (round) of Simple Gifts melody only Beginning Theme: (fast) Variation 5: Full orchestra, slow and stately ending. Final statement

Appalachian Spring, by clarinet. Variation 1: and VII . “Variations on a Shaker Melody” (1944) Aaron Copland (1900–1990) Variation 2: have melody before Appalachian Spring is one of Aaron Copland’s most famous compositions. It other strings (, Cello, Bass) enter was written for a small orchestra to accompany a ballet by Martha Graham and in canon was later rewritten by Copland for full orchestra. In the most popular movement of Appalachian Spring, Copland composed five variations of John Variation 3: Fast, triumphant Explore Theme and Brackett’s Shaker melody Simple Gifts. At this point in the ballet, a young bride fanfare in the Brass with fast, Variations on our website, and her farmer husband are celebrating their newly built farmhouse; the music high strings accompanying aso.org/edu! reminds us all of the simple things we should never take for granted. What are the “simple gifts” of your life? 8 9 1800 > The Start of Western Expansion the First Industrial Revolution > 1860

A Pioneering Spirit T he 13 original American states were all on the I Can Hear It! Eastern coast of North America. The land to the West was inhabited by Native Americans or owned by other countries, such as France and Mexico. What to listen for in John Henry1860: > American pioneers traveled West, adding large Percussionists strike an anvil (a large metal block) territories that were bought or won in wars. As the to imitate the strike of John Henry’s hammer on the country grew, industrial inventions like the cotton metal spikes of the railroad line. They also rub together gin, electric power, and the railroad changed America forever. sandpaper blocks to imitate the “chugga-chugga“ The railroad boom made it possible for people and shipments of goods to sound of a moving train. To find the percussion section, travel around the country more quickly and easily than ever before. look at your map of the orchestra on page 3! Two slow strikes of the anvil are heard throughout the John Henry (1939) music, symbolizing the striking of John Henry’s hammer. The woodwinds imitate a train whistle. Aaron Copland (1900–1990) Near the end, the tempo (speed) slows and the mood darkens; imagine poor The railroad has inspired not only music, but an John Henry collapsing in victory, with his hammer still in his hand. American legend. The story of John Henry is about a free African American man who worked on the railroad construction line laying train tracks across America Activity: Written Reflection with a hammer and metal spikes. A new steam- Wow Answer the questions below. Talk about your powered drill machine had been invented that could The popular folk song answers with your classmates. lay railroad track faster than men. As a result, many railroad workers lost their John Henry has been recorded jobs. John Henry challenged the steam drill, driving his hammer over and over to by many famous musicians,  Why do you think John Henry is such an outrace the machine. In the end, John Henry won the race, but his body was so important hero in American culture? including Woody Guthrie, Bruce exhausted that he died with his hammer still in his hand. Springsteen, Harry Belafonte, and Aaron Copland wrote Johnny Cash. Listen to them a musical version of all and see which one you like best! John Henry in 1939  Do you think the story of John Henry is true, for a children’s radio or just an unbelievable tall tale? show. The melody he used was from an old popular folk song that narrates the story Inventions help American businesses grow and prosper. How can new of John Henry. Listen  inventions be both good and bad? (examples: steam-powered drill, cotton gin) as Aaron Copland tells the story of John Henry using the orchestra.

original painting by Nick Danzi 10 11 1861 > THe Civil War The civil war 1865 >

T he Civil War 1861 > T he American Civil War was fought between the Northern I Can Hear It! States, called the Union or Yankees, and the Southern States, called the Confederates or Rebels. The Southern States were dependent on slaves to work on farms and plantations. When the Union sought to abolish slavery, WhatWhat to to Listen Listen for for in in American American Salute: Salute: the South rebelled. 11 Southern states (including LikeLike in in Yankee Yankee Doodle Doodle, Morton, Morton Gould Gould wrote wrote variations variations on on the the melody melody When When Johnny Johnny Georgia) formed the “Confederate States of America” ComesComes Marching Marching Home Home for for his his piece piece American American Salute Salute. The. The introduction introduction and and ending ending and declared their independence. Soon after, a war soundsound like like a agun gun battle, battle, and and the the melody melody in in several several variations variations by by different different instrument instrument erupted that would continue for four years. Most of the familiesfamilies of of the the orchestra. orchestra. battles were fought in the South, many in and around Atlanta. ACACTTIVIVITITYY: Listen: Listen for for the the When When Johnny Johnny Comes Comes Marching Marching Home Home melody melody played played by by In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln ordered 3.1 million American differentdifferent groups groups in in this this order: order: slaves to be freed in the Emancipation Proclamation. Two years later, slavery was officially made illegal in the English Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution. Wow 2 More than 600,000 Horn 3 S t r i n g s Americans died in and 4 Woodwinds Brass the Civil War. American Salute (1943) Morton Gould (1913–1996)  When Johnny comes marching home again, Hurrah! Hurrah! We’ll give him a hearty welcome then, Hurrah! Hurrah! The men will cheer and 5 Full Orchestra 6 Brass (slower, the boys will shout softer) The ladies they will all turn out And we’ll all feel gay, when Johnny comes marching home 7 Full Orchestra American Salute was written in 1943 by Morton Gould during World War II (1939–1945). Gould based this music on the Civil War patriotic song When Which variation is your favorite, and why? Answer below: Johnny Comes Marching Home Again, which was about a longing for soldiers to ?? come home from battle. Morton Gould wrote this version of the famous tune in ? just one night for a patriotic World War II radio broadcast the following day! ?

12 13 1866 > R econstruction: Post-Civil War America R econstruction: Post-Civil War America > 1899

1866 > Here is the poem for the festive “Jubilee”: No cool gray tones for me! R econstruction: Post-Civil War America Give me the warmest red and green, After the Southern States were defeated in the Civil War, millions of former A cornet and a *, slaves were now “Freedmen.” However, African Americans were not treated To paint MY Jubilee! as equals in the South, and racism grew stronger. In the Reconstruction Era, For when pale flutes and play, the government in Washington, D.C. wanted to rebuild the South with more To sadness I become a prey; equality between races. In the South, states created their own new laws that Give me the violets and the May, allowed segregation – a separation of whites and blacks in public places like But no gray skies for me. schools and restaurants. In the North, many people celebrated the end of – D.R. the Civil War as the beginning of peace and equal rights for all Americans. * A cornet is similar to a . A tambourine is a that is shaken or tapped.

Symphonic Sketches, I . “Jubilee” (1895–1904) I Can Hear It! George Whitefield Chadwick (1854–1931) When he was 15, young George Chadwick of Massachusetts watched his father and brother What to listen for in Chadwick’s “Jubilee”: participate in the great 1869 National Peace Jubilee (a celebration of healing from the Civil A: Fast and exciting, triumphant brass and percussion War) in Boston as singers in a 10,926-member B: Slightly slower and softer, woodwinds and strings chorus with a huge orchestra and band. This ? C: Beautiful soaring melodies take you away to a peaceful dreamworld enormous chorus inspired him to be a composer, ? and at age 17, Chadwick went to study music in A Prime: Fast and exciting, much like the beginning. Listen for the “cornet and Boston and later in Europe. He wrote music tambourine” just like in the “Jubilee” poem based on everyday life, and his music has a Compare and Contrast distinctive American style. How are “In War-Time” and “Jubilee” alike? How are they different? Think about Symphonic Sketches has when these pieces were written, why they were written, what they are about, their four separate sections, composers, and what they sound like. Write at least 3 answers below: or movements. The first three movements were Wow Similarities (Alike) Differences (Not Alike) written in 1895, and George Chadwick added a After each poem in fourth movement in 1904. Each movement is Symphonic Sketches described by a short poem. Chadwick named Chadwick wrote the ,letters George the first movement “Jubilee” after the musical “D.R.” to make people think the poems were written by celebration he saw when he was young. someone else. What a prankster!

14 15 1893 > A New Century the Second Industrial Revolution 1930 >

A New Century and 1893 > the Second Industrial Revolution 1930 > After the Civil War, new inventions and industry connected Americans Dvořák’s “Largo” as the in amazing new ways. The invention of the phonograph and the radio spiritual “Goin’ Home.” meant that people could hear many different types of music without going Inspired by his teacher Dvořák, William Arms Fisher (1861– to a concert. American composers began looking to music from Native 1948) began collecting, arranging, and publishing hundreds Wow American and African heritages for inspiration. Visiting composer Antonín of African American spirituals. In 1922, he wrote words to Dvorak was the Dvořák (pronounced “Da-vor-zyack”) believed that this was particularly the “Largo” movement of Symphony No. 9, which became director of the New important for America as it approached the new century. known as the spiritual “Goin’ Home.” This is an example of York Conservatory a classical piece of music influencing a more mainstream, from 1892 to 1895. folk-form. The lyrics are about going “home” to heaven:

Going home, going home, Work all done, care laid by, Symphony No . 9 in E Minor I’m a-going home. “From the New World,” Going to fear no more. Quiet-like, some still day, Mother’s there, expecting me, (1893) Op . 95, II . “Largo” I’m just going home. Father’s waiting too. Antonín Dvořák (1841–1904) It’s not far, just close by, Lots of folk gathered there, The beautiful second movement “Largo” Through an open door. All the friends I knew. features one of the most famous melodies – William Arms Fisher in all of classical music, played by the English horn. The English horn is a larger, lower relative of the oboe. Like the oboe and bassoon, it has a double reed.

Antonín Dvořák was born in 1841 in Bohemia, which is now part of the I Can Hear It! Czech Republic. He began musical training at the age of six and played the violin and . He wrote his first composition when he was 20 years old. As a successful composer, Dvořák came What to Listen for in the “Largo” from to America in 1892 while America was celebrating the four hundredth anniversary Wow Dvořák’s Symphony “From the New World”: of Christopher Columbus’s discovery of the The “New World” At the beginning of the “Largo,” long notes in the winds and brass rise to New World. He wrote his Symphony No. 9 symphony was Dvorak’s create sense of anticipation. Soft strings take over very briefly. Then, in America and called it “From the New most famous composition almost out of nowhere, the majestic English horn begins the melody World.” It was premiered in 1893 by the and is still extremely “Going Home,” which is both joyful and filled with longing. Dvořák New York Philharmonic at Carnegie Hall, popular, 120 years later! stated that his Symphony No. 9 was inspired by the Native American story Hiawatha, and that the “Largo” movement was based on the where it created quite a sensation. tragic death of Hiawatha’s wife.

16 17 1950 >

1930 > Early 20th Century America > 1950

It Don’t Mean a Thing (If It 1930 > Ain’t Got That Swing) was Eal r y 20th Century America written backstage during a concert. Jazz songwriter In the early 20th century, America grew so rapidly through inventions and Irving Mills wrote the lyrics: industry that it became powerful world-wide . Music was available in almost every home . African American drum rhythms were combined with traditional It don’t mean a thing, instruments such as , trumpet, saxophone, and string bass to create if it ain’t got that swing a new form of popular music called “jazz ”. Jazz would become the backbone It don’t mean a thing, of a popular American sound that would carry the country through two World all you got to do is sing Wars and into the middle of the 20th century . It makes no difference If it’s sweet or hot Just give that rhythm Everything you’ve got Wow It Don’t Mean a Thing Duke Ellington wrote It don’t mean a thing, if it ain’t got that swing over 2,000 compositions (If it Ain’t Got That Swing) and performed more (1931) than 20,000 times all Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington over the world. (1899–1974) What is Jazz? “Duke” Ellington was an American composer, pianist, and bandleader from Jazz is a popular style of music that was begun by African Americans in the South, especially New Orleans, and in big Washington, D.C. As a young boy, his cities like New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Jazz bands often include mother made him dress nicely and behave singing and drums influenced by Africa and traditional European like a true gentleman, so his friends instruments like piano, string bass, brass, and woodwinds. In nicknamed him “Duke,” a title similar jazz, musicians can actually create music during a performance, to “prince.” Ellington took some piano lessons, but he couldn’t read music. making it up as they go – a technique called improvisation. By the 1930s, American jazz was popular all around the world and He wrote his first piece, “Soda Fountain Rag” by ear at age 15. Realizing his with people of all ages and races. passion for music, he learned to read music and took his piano lessons more seriously. He led his own jazz orchestra, first called “The Washingtonians” and later “The Duke Ellington Orchestra,” from 1923 to 1974, an astounding 51 years! While most of his music is considered jazz, Ellington also wrote I Can Hear It! gospel, blues, classical, and movie music. Duke Ellington was one of the most influential musicians in the history of American music. What to Listen for in Duke Ellington’s It Don’t Mean a Thing: Listen for the lyrics, the drums and swing rhythms, and improvisation solos from different instruments. Sing along with the Atlanta Symphony at the Next Generation concert!

18 19 1930 > Early 20th Century America > 1950

Symphony No . 1 in E minor, III . “Juba Dance” (1933) What is the Juba dance? Wow 1930 > The Juba dance, also known as “Pattin’ Juba” or Florence Beatrice Price (1887–1953) Florence Price took “Hambone,” is a style of dance that includes stomping music composition Florence Beatrice Smith Price was born in and slapping and patting the arms, legs, chest, and lessons with George Little Rock, Arkansas. As a child, she received cheeks. Juba dancers turned counter-clockwise with Chadwick, who wrote music lessons from her mother, who was one leg raised while stomping and slapping different “Jubilee”! a piano teacher, school teacher, and business rhythms on the body. woman. She went on to graduate as valedictorian of her segregated high school in 1903 and study at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, which was quite an achievement for an African American I Can Hear It! woman at a time of racial inequality. Price was the first African American woman What to listen for in “Juba Dance”: to have a symphony performed by a major orchestra in America. African hand drums are played throughout much of this music, reminding us Her Symphony No. 1 was first performed by the Chicago Symphony of Price’s African heritage and the history of the Juba dance. The drums imitate the Orchestra on June 15, 1933. The third movement, “Juba Dance,” is thigh-slapping sounds of the “Pattin’ Juba”! based on characteristic African American antebellum dance rhythms. It used the rhythm of the slave “juba dance,” which involved body There are two main melodies. Both are very short and repeated often. percussion. Modern variations of the juba dance include the step- The first melody is presented at the very beginning by the , which sound like shows of African American and Latino Greek organizations. old-timey fiddles. The oboe and other instruments take a turn on this melody, too. 2​ The second melody is soon played by the brass family, and then passed on to ​other instruments. At one point, the cello has the first melody while the trumpet has the second melody, both played at the same time. The rest of the “Juba Dance” is mainly made up variations on the two short melodies. Activity: Stand in a large circle with your classmates. While everyone pats a steady beat on legs or arms, each student dances one-by-one at the center of the circle, Wow creating their very own juba dance. Florence Price was Have fun! head of the music department at Clark University in Atlanta from 1910 to 1912.

20 21 1950 > Post-WWII the Civil Rights Era > 1970

P I ost-WWI and J. W. Johnson became a leader in the the Civil Rights Era 1950 > Civil Rights Movement and the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement After World War II, America was booming with progress in transportation, of Colored People). His brother, composer communication, technology, and medicine. New factory jobs meant an easier John Rosamond Johnson, set the powerful life for many Americans. However, equal rights were not yet fully established poem to music in 1905, and Lift Every for minorities and women; leaders like Martin Luther King, Jr. showed the Voice and Sing quickly gained popularity. world that every American deserved equality. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 The song inspired African American outlawed discrimination of religious, ethnic, and racial minorities and people to “lift every voice and sing, till women. The new law also ended racial segregation in schools and in public earth and heav’n ring, ring with the harmonies of liberty.” This “liberty” meant places, but not everyone liked these changes. Many people found music equal rights for African Americans. In 1919, the NAACP named the song the to be a source of strength during these trying times. “Negro National Anthem” and it grew in popularity once again during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.

Lift Every Voice and Sing (1900) James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938) (Lyrics) What is an African American Spiritual? & John Rosamond Johnson (1873–1954) (Music) Arranged by William Grant Still Spiritual music was first created by African American slaves during the 1700 and 1800s. Most spirituals were sung as expressions of the slaves’ Lift every voice and sing, till earth religious faith, while some others were protests against oppression from and heav’n ring, whites. Spirituals are often about overcoming hardships, injustice, and sorrow through faith and hope. Ring with the harmonies of liberty; W Let our rejoicing rise, high as the ow William Grant Still, who list’ning skies, arranged this version of Lift Let it resound loud as the rolling sea. Every Voice and Sing, was known Sing a song full of the faith as “the Dean” of African American I Can Hear It! composers. Still was the first that the dark past has taught us, African American man to have a Sing a song full of the hope composition played by a major that the present has brought us; What to Listen for in American orchestra. Facing the rising sun of our new day begun, Lift Every Voice and Sing: Let us march on till victory is won. Lift Every Voice and Sing is a powerful song because of its moving lyrics and driving rhythms. Listen to the Lift Every Voice and Sing is often called the “African American National song a few times. You can find the full lyrics to this song on the website Anthem.” The words were first presented in the form of a poem in www.aso.org/edu. As you listen, analyze the lyrics, especially words like Jacksonville, Florida, at a segregated school where 500 African American “harmonies of liberty,” “dark past” and “new day.” Imagine what those words students were celebrating the birthday of Abraham Lincoln. On February 12, might have meant to an African American during the Civil Rights Movement. 1900, principal James Weldon Johnson read his poem to introduce special Now, try to sing along. As you sing, feel the power of those words and driving guest Booker T. Washington. rhythms. You can also sing along at the Next Generation concert!

22 23 1971d > Mo ern u.s. History The rock/pop movement 2000 >

1971 > I Can Hear It! By the 1970s, television and radio exposed Americans to more music Wow than ever before and inspired younger generations to experiment Alvin & the Chipmunks sang Don’t Stop Believin’ with new genres. Music videos began in the 1980s and fueled a new in the 2008 album wave of American popular music, particularly Rock & Roll. Heavy Undeniable metal, grunge rock bands, and pop musicians became increasingly . popular. As access to the internet grew, music file sharing and online downloads grew as well. Today, digital technology makes it easy to find, purchase, and instantly listen to millions of songs online, at home or on the go!

Don’t Stop Believin’ (1981) Jonathan Cain, Neal Schon and Steve Perry of Journey Don’t Stop Believin’ is a popular song by the American rock band What to Listen for in Journey. It has been described as “an anthem for the young who wanted to feel free and unrestricted.” The song has been featured in Don’t Stop Believin’: many television shows and movies. It was also used as the theme for Don’t Stop Believin’ has one of the most the Chicago White Sox during the 2005 world series. recognizable bass lines in pop music. A bass line is a repeated pattern played by a low-pitched Journey is a rock band that formed in San Francisco in instrument, such as electric bass, string bass, or 1973. Journey was most popular in the 1980s, but piano. A bass line provides a rhythmic pulse and Wow recently saw a new wave of popularity after their hit energy to a song and often used in popular music song Don’t Stop Believin’ was arranged for a choir like jazz, blues, and Rock & Roll. Listen for the In 2007, a new lead on the hit television show Glee. Even though only groovy bass line throughout Don’t Stop Believin’, singer of Journey was two members are from the original band, Journey especially at the beginning! chosen after he was discovered singing is still performing after 35 years. Journey songs on youtube. What is Rock & Roll? Rock & Roll is a popular style of music that originated in America around 1950. Rock & Roll originally combined different elements of African American rhythm and blues, jazz, gospel, country, and folk music. An accented beat played on the drum set is often accompanied by electric guitars, electric bass, saxophone or brass instruments, and singing. Rock & Roll became a world-wide phenomenon and eventually evolved into many other forms, including punk rock, funk, disco, techno, and hip hop. Rock & Roll is sometimes called a “cultural collision” because it is a mixture of so many styles.

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Klaus Badelt began experimenting with 2000 > music composition as a young boy. When I n previous pieces on this concert, the symphony orchestra has he was 12 years old, he starting making tried to portray the styles of Jazz, African American Spirituals, and short films with his friends and neighbors Rock n’ Roll. However, symphonic music was still being composed as the actors. Young Badelt found that he throughout the entire history of American music. One of the had a special way to connect music to the greatest industries in modern orchestral music is the movie mood of these films. He worked hard to business. The orchestra helps audiences to connect with movie become a popular film and television characters and sets the tone and mood of a movie’s events. composer in Germany. In 1998, Badelt moved to California to pursue a career in writing music for American movies and has since become one of the most successful Hollywood composers.

Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl film score(2003) I Can Hear It! Klaus Badelt (born in 1967) Klaus Badelt is an award-winning German composer best known for composing film scores, including What to Listen for in music for Pirates of the Caribbean and many other films. The world premiere of Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pirates of the Caribbean: Pearl was June 28, 2003. The film brought unexpected success and Melodies are often heard throughout a movie to signify a certain character positive reviews, grossing over $653 million worldwide. The original film was or mood. In Pirates of the Caribbean, we hear the theme for the pirate ship nominated for five Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Johnny Depp. The Black Pearl, which has repeated, driving rhythms and rising pitch. The theme is played by the brass family and adds to the excitement of our favorite pirates sailing the open seas. Wow Klaus Badelt is not an ow American composer, but he W writes music for many Pirates of the American movies. This is a Caribbean: The Curse was of great example of how the Black Pearl America continues to be based on Disney’s a “melting pot”! theme park ride.

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T he Future of Music 2000 > Wow T oday’s aspiring young composers have the benefits of technological Commodore’s unique advances that make it easier to compose music and share it with others. The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra held a student composition name is a family name. He is Commodore Cantrell Primous, contest to highlight outstanding work by a student. The winning III, and also has two cousins composition chosen was written by a young composer named Commodore as and musician named Commodore Primous. well, for a total of five Commodores in the Wow family! Commodore has a dog named Zelda, The Triumph of Day (2012) after the Commodore with Commodore Primous (born 1998) Michael Kurth Arranged by Michael Kurth video game! The Triumph of Day, by Commodore Primous, was selected as the winning piece for the 2012 Atlanta Symphony Next Generation Student Composition Contest! I Can Hear It! The Triumph of Day was originally written for piano and titled Lullaby, but when Commodore worked with ASO bassist and composer Michael Kurth to rewrite the music for the ASO, Commodore decided to change the title to The What to Listen for in T he Triumph of Day: Triumph of Day. Commodore chose the new title based on his idea that “the Sweeping melodies of fast moving notes soar throughout The Triumph of light of day has finally triumphed over the dark of night.” Commodore’s piece Day, accompanied by long smooth notes. The music gradually builds in will be performed by an orchestra for the first time at the ASO Next intensity, getting louder and even more dramatic until a final burst of light Generation concerts! marks the triumph of day! Commodore Primous was born in Austell, Georgia and currently lives in Powder Springs. He wrote his piece The Triumph of Day as an 8th grader at Lovinggood Middle School. Now a 9th grader, Commodore is a Vocal major and Dance minor at Pebblebrook High School’s Wow Performing Arts magnet program. Commodore Commodore plays a plays the piano, alto and tenor saxophones, keyboard that is connected recorder, ukulele, and ocarina. He attributes his to his computer and uses passion for music to all of his wonderful music the software program teachers! Commodore also likes acting, singing, GarageBand to put his dancing, riding his bike, and drawing. compositions into score form!

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