Feasibility Analysis and evaluation of the viability of multimodal corridor of the approved Action "Sea2Sea" under the Trans- European Transport Network (TEN-T) 1st Deliverable - D1 Current State Analysis and Long-Term Forecast October - December 2014 ADK | AKKT | EVIAM | Milionis-Iliopoulou ΕΒΙΑΜ ΕΠΕ ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΣ ΜΗΛΙΩΝΗΣ - ΚΩΣΤΟΥΛΑ ΗΛΙΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ *The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Feasibility Analysis and evaluation of the viability of multimodal corridor of the approved Action "Sea2Sea" under the Trans- European Transport Network (TEN-T )- Deliverable D1 - Current State Analysis and Long-Term Forecast TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 11 2 REGIONAL CURRENT STATE ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 12 2.1 REGIONAL STATUS ANALYSIS - PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE ...... 12 2.1.1 Basic geographic, spatial and development characteristics per region .......... 13 2.1.2 Basic population and development rates – Comparative perspective ........... 25 2.1.3 The regions of the study area in selected European typologies ..................... 33 2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE .............................................................................. 39 2.2.1 Current Environmental status of greater area – Greece ................................. 39 2.2.2 Current Environmental status of greater area – Bulgaria ............................... 63 2.3 ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE ...................................................................................... 87 2.3.1 Analysis of the current status of the region. ................................................... 87 3 CORRIDOR CURRENT STATE ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 102 3.1 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE...................................................... 102 3.1.1 Urban and rural development ....................................................................... 104 3.1.2 Economy ........................................................................................................ 105 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE ............................................................................ 108 3.2.1 Current state of Corridor's Environment – Greece Section .......................... 108 3.2.2 Current state of Corridors Environment – Bulgaria Section .......................... 113 3.3 TRANSPORTATION PERSPECTIVE ........................................................................ 119 3.3.1 Initial corridor definition ............................................................................... 119 3.3.2 The Ports ........................................................................................................ 120 3.3.3 Port Accessibility via land networks - Summary ............................................ 139 3.3.4 Rail Networks ................................................................................................. 139 3.3.5 Focus on Bottlenecks of the Railway network .............................................. 144 3.3.6 The Network Model Representation ............................................................. 157 3.4 ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE .................................................................................... 160 3.4.1 Analysis of the current status of the corridor ............................................... 160 4 CORRIDOR CURRENT COMPETITIVENESS ASSESSMENT................................................ 165 4.1.1 International trade ........................................................................................ 165 4.1.2 Overview of Black Sea Basin transport infrastructure .................................. 166 ADK | AKKT | EVIAM | Milionis-Iliopoulou 2 Feasibility Analysis and evaluation of the viability of multimodal corridor of the approved Action "Sea2Sea" under the Trans- European Transport Network (TEN-T )- Deliverable D1 - Current State Analysis and Long-Term Forecast 4.1.3 Economic assessment of the current competitiveness of the corridor ........ 170 4.1.4 Conclusions .................................................................................................... 173 5 REGIONAL AND CORRIDOR LONG-TERM FORECAST ..................................................... 175 5.1 FRAMEWORKS AND PLANS OF SPATIAL PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONAL PROGRAMMING ........................................................................................ 175 5.1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 175 5.1.2 Framework / plans of spatial planning and development............................. 176 5.1.3 Implementation of Operational Programmes ............................................... 215 5.1.4 Synopsis ......................................................................................................... 231 5.2 Transportation - Future Development ............................................................. 235 5.2.1 Future developments in infrastructure and traffic ....................................... 235 5.2.2 General Conclusions ...................................................................................... 242 ADK | AKKT | EVIAM | Milionis-Iliopoulou 3 Feasibility Analysis and evaluation of the viability of multimodal corridor of the approved Action "Sea2Sea" under the Trans- European Transport Network (TEN-T )- Deliverable D1 - Current State Analysis and Long-Term Forecast List of Figures Figure 1: European Maritime Region Typology (schematic map) according to the ESaTDOR Project ............................................................................................ 34 Figure 2: The Dijkstra-Poelman Urban-Rural Typology according to the EDORA Project .............................................................................................................. 36 Figure 3: The Structural Typology according to the EDORA Project ........................ 37 Figure 4: The Performance Typology according to the EDORA Project ................... 38 Figure 5: Natura Network Map in Greece (without 12 SPAs declared in January 2008) ................................................................................................................ 41 Figure 6: Natura Areas (Source: Εgnatia) ................................................................ 45 Figure 7: Wetlands Ramsar (Source: Observatory Egnatia Odos) ........................... 47 Figure 8: Wildlife Refuges in the area of REMT - shown in blue are shelters in IP interest (except for the area of Thassos) Source: Oikoskopio) ......................... 48 Figure 9: EPAMTH Zones (Source: Organization Management http://www.fd- nestosvistonis.gr/) ............................................................................................ 52 Figure 10: National Parks Study Area (source: Oikoskopio) .................................... 53 Figure 11: Natura areas and Evros Ramsar wetland area park ............................... 56 Figure 12: Dadia National Park Map - Privacy Protection Zones (Source: National Park Management Body Dadia http://dadianp.maps.arcgis.com/)..................... 59 Figure 13: Protected areas per region of Bulgaria (Source: National Regional Development Strategy (NRDS)) ....................................................................... 64 Figure 14: Road and rail network in Bulgaria in Area of Interest .............................. 66 Figure 15: Protected areas network Natura by Region of Bulgaria (Source: National Regional Development Strategy (NRDS)) ........................................................ 67 Figure 16: Protected areas network Natura (Src: Natura Net) ................................. 68 Figure 17: Main areas Natura region of interest (Source background: Google earth- http://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/) .................................................................... 71 Figure 18: Nature Park Strandhza ........................................................................... 73 Figure 19: Nature Park Zlatni pjasatsi ..................................................................... 75 Figure 20: Annual average concentration of PM2.5 in 2011 (Air quality in Europe — 2013 report’’ ΕΕΑ European Environment Agency) .......................................... 79 Figure 21: Concentrations of PM10 and NO2 in Bulgaria (Source: Air pollution fact sheet 2013 ΕΕΑ European Environment Agency) ............................................ 80 Figure 22: Annual average SO2 concentrations for 2011 (Air quality in Europe — 2013 report’’ ΕΕΑ European Environment Agency) .......................................... 81 Figure 23: Vulnerable areas of the coastal zone area of interest ............................. 86 Figure 24: Black Sea Basin population, 2000 ........................................................ 105 Figure 25: Port of Varna- East Terminal ................................................................ 123 Figure 26: Transport map of existing rail connection in the greater area of the port of Burgas ........................................................................................................... 124 Figure 27: Satellite map of existing road connections to the port of Burgas .......... 124 ADK | AKKT | EVIAM | Milionis-Iliopoulou 4 Feasibility Analysis and evaluation