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Doktori Disszertáció Doktori disszertáció Synchronic and Diachronic Comparative Analysis of the Oirad Dialects Az ojrát nyelvjárások szinkrón és diakrón összehasonlító elemzése Rákos Attila 2015 Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kar Doktori Disszertáció Rákos Attila Synchronic and Diachronic Comparative Analysis of the Oirad Dialects (Az ojrát nyelvjárások szinkrón és diakrón összehasonlító elemzése) Nyelvtudományi Doktori Iskola Dr. Bárdosi Vilmos, egyetemi tanár, a Doktori Iskola vezetője Mongolisztika Doktori Program Dr. Birtalan Ágnes, egyetemi tanár, a Doktori program vezetője A bizottság tagjai és tudományos fokozatuk: Elnök: dr. Kiss Jenő, egyetemi tanár, a nyelvtudományok doktora, akadémikus (elnök) Belső bíráló: dr. Kara György, professor emeritus, a nyelvtudományok doktora, akadémikus, Külső bíráló: dr. Juha Janhunen, PhD Titkár: dr. Szilágyi Zsolt, PhD Tag: dr. Kempf Béla, PhD Témavezető: dr. habil. Birtalan Ágnes, CSc, egyetemi tanár ADATLAP a doktori értekezés nyilvánosságra hozatalához I. A doktori értekezés adatai A szerző neve: Rákos Attila MTMT-azonosító: 10037703 A doktori értekezés címe és alcíme: Synchronic and Diachronic Comparative Analysis of the Oirad Dialects DOI-azonosító: 10.15476/ELTE.2015.195 A doktori iskola neve: Nyelvtudományi Doktori Iskola A doktori iskolán belüli doktori program neve: Mongolisztika Doktori Program A témavezető neve és tudományos fokozata: dr. habil. Birtalan Ágnes, CSc A témavezető munkahelye: ELTE Mongol és Belső-ázsiai Tanszék II. Nyilatkozatok 1. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként a) hozzájárulok, hogy a doktori fokozat megszerzését követően a doktori értekezésem és a tézisek nyilvánosságra kerüljenek az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban. Felhatalmazom az ELTE BTK Doktori és Tudományszervezési Hivatal ügyintézőjét, Manhercz Mónikát, hogy az értekezést és a téziseket feltöltse az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárba, és ennek során kitöltse a feltöltéshez szükséges nyilatkozatokat. b) kérem, hogy a mellékelt kérelemben részletezett szabadalmi, illetőleg oltalmi bejelentés közzétételéig a doktori értekezést ne bocsássák nyilvánosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban; c) kérem, hogy a nemzetbiztonsági okból minősített adatot tartalmazó doktori értekezést a minősítés (dátum)-ig tartó időtartama alatt ne bocsássák nyilvánosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban; d) kérem, hogy a mű kiadására vonatkozó mellékelt kiadó szerződésre tekintettel a doktori értekezést a könyv megjelenéséig ne bocsássák nyilvánosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban, és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban csak a könyv bibliográfiai adatait tegyék közzé. Ha a könyv a fokozatszerzést követőn egy évig nem jelenik meg, hozzájárulok, hogy a doktori értekezésem és a tézisek nyilvánosságra kerüljenek az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban. 2. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként kijelentem, hogy a) az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárba feltöltendő doktori értekezés és a tézisek saját eredeti, önálló szellemi munkám és legjobb tudomásom szerint nem sértem vele senki szerzői jogait; b) a doktori értekezés és a tézisek nyomtatott változatai és az elektronikus adathordozón benyújtott tartalmak (szöveg és ábrák) mindenben megegyeznek. 3. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként hozzájárulok a doktori értekezés és a tézisek szövegének Plágiumkereső adatbázisba helyezéséhez és plágiumellenőrző vizsgálatok lefuttatásához. Kelt: Budapest, 2015. december 4. a doktori értekezés szerzőjének aláírása TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.1. Transcription ................................................................................................................ 5 1.2. Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 6 1.2.1. Abbreviation of languages and dialects ............................................................... 6 1.2.2. List of glossing abbreviations .............................................................................. 8 1.3. The аim and significance of the research .................................................................... 9 1.4. Research methods ...................................................................................................... 11 1.5. Definition of Oirad .................................................................................................... 11 1.6. Historical context ....................................................................................................... 12 1.7. Origin of the name Oirad ........................................................................................... 18 1.8. Current state of Oirads, their cultural and linguistic enviroment .............................. 19 1.8.1. Western Mongolia .............................................................................................. 19 1.8.2. Kalmykia ............................................................................................................ 22 1.8.3. The Ysyk-Köl region .......................................................................................... 24 1.8.4. East Turkestan (Xinjiang) .................................................................................. 25 1.8.5. Alsha region ....................................................................................................... 26 1.8.6. Qinghai and Gansu ............................................................................................. 27 1.9. Oirad and its dialects in the family of Mongolic languages ...................................... 28 1.10. Literary languages and writing systems ................................................................. 31 1.10.1. Written Mongolian ......................................................................................... 31 1.10.2. Written Oirad .................................................................................................. 31 1.10.3. The Kalmyk literary language ........................................................................ 34 1.11. History of the researches ........................................................................................ 35 1.12. Sources ................................................................................................................... 40 1.12.1. Western Mongolia .......................................................................................... 40 1.12.2. Kalmyk ........................................................................................................... 40 1.12.3. Sart-Kalmyk .................................................................................................... 40 1.12.4. Xinjiang Oirad ................................................................................................ 40 1.12.5. Alsha region .................................................................................................... 41 1.12.6. Deed Mongol .................................................................................................. 41 2. Phonetics and phonology ................................................................................................. 42 2.1. Vowel phonemes ....................................................................................................... 42 2.1.1. Palatal and rounding harmony ............................................................................ 46 2.2. Consonant phonemes ................................................................................................. 47 1 2.2.1. b .......................................................................................................................... 47 2.2.2. p .......................................................................................................................... 48 2.2.3. c .......................................................................................................................... 48 2.2.4. č .......................................................................................................................... 48 2.2.5. d .......................................................................................................................... 48 2.2.6. dʲ ......................................................................................................................... 48 2.2.7. ǯ .......................................................................................................................... 48 2.2.8. g .......................................................................................................................... 48 2.2.9. γ .......................................................................................................................... 48 2.2.10. x ...................................................................................................................... 49 2.2.11. j ....................................................................................................................... 49 2.2.12. k ...................................................................................................................... 49 2.2.13. l ....................................................................................................................... 49 2.2.14. lʲ......................................................................................................................
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