Energized Public Spaces Design Guidelines

Attachment A

Designing Public Spaces Energized Public Spaces Design Guidelines

Working Draft December 2018

THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PARKS THE MARYLAND-NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION Abstract

The Designing Public Spaces: Energized Public Spaces Design Guidelines should be used in conjunction with Sector Plan Design Guidelines. This document will be used to guide the design of public spaces within the Energized Public Spaces Functional Master Plan (EPS Plan) Study Area as outlined in more detail in these guidelines. The guidelines are based on existing conditions analysis, stakeholder input and current best practices in public space design from the region and beyond. Design guidelines help provide information about how plan recommendations and zoning code requirements can be met, and the overall context for the different types of spaces within an integrated system of public spaces in the County. Design guidelines are approved by the Montgomery County Planning Board for use by public entities and developers in preparing design proposals, and planners and the Board in reviewing them. These guidelines may need to be reviewed and updated by the Planning Board as best practices and conditions in the EPS Plan Study Area evolve overtime. Sources of Copies Montgomery County Department of Parks The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission 9500 Brunett Ave. Silver Spring, MD 20901

Online at www.montgomeryparks.org

ii DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 This page has been intentionally left blank.

Designing Public Spaces Energized Public Spaces Design Guidelines

Working Draft December 2018

THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PARKS THE MARYLAND-NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION

DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 iii Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Vision and Purpose ...... 5 1.2 Goals...... 8 1.3 Integrated Public Process ...... 9 1.4 Outcomes ...... 10

2 AREAWIDE DESIGN GUIDELINES ...... 13 2.1 Design Principles ...... 14 2.2 Design Guidelines ...... 15 2.3 Checklist ...... 32

3 URBAN PARK TYPES ...... 37 3.1 Urban Park Types ...... 39 3.1.1 Civic Green ...... 39 3.1.2 Plaza ...... 39 3.1.3 Urban Recreational Park ...... 39 3.1.4 Urban Greenway ...... 40 3.1.5 Neighborhood Green ...... 40 3.1.6 Urban Recreational Parklet ...... 40 3.1.7 Pocket Green ...... 40 3.1.8 Temporary/Interim Park ...... 41

iv DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 APPENDICES ...... A1 App.1 Case Studies by Park Types ...... A2 App.2 Public Spaces System and Hierarchy ...... A3 App 2.1 System ...... A3 App.2.2 Park Types Hierarchy ...... A4 App.2.3 Public Space Site Selection ...... A5

List of Figures and Tables Figures Figure 1.1 - Energized Public Spaces Design Framework ...... 3 Figure 1.2 - Energized Public Spaces Plan Study Area and Pilot Area Map ...... 4 Figure App.1 - Park Hierarchy Example - Lyttonsville Sector Plan ...... A4

Tables Table 2.1 - Matrix illustrating Design Guidelines, their Design Intent, and Topics ...... 15 Table 3.1 - Urban Parks Types Matrix: Comparison on Key Design Elements ...... 42

DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 v Illustration by Atul Sharma 1 INTRODUCTION

“The way we build cities, the way we make places, can have a profound effect on what kinds of lives are lived within those spaces.” William H. Whyte

DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 1 THIS PAGE WAS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

2 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION Delivering Energized Public Spaces Integrating a system of public spaces where the County is growing

The need to provide adequate public spaces within the within the EPS Study Area. The network of public or were identified as such in master or sector plans, most densely populated areas of Montgomery County spaces within the EPS Study Area will be inviting, should follow the guidelines in both Chapters 2 and 3. is critical and challenging. Our region continues to easily accessible, attractive, comfortable and safe, and Depending on the property ownership, public spaces grow and diversify towards these centers. Designing provide a range of experiences. could be privately- or publicly-owned. These spaces Public Spaces: Energized Public Spaces Design The Vision 2030 Plan and the 2017 Parks, Recreation are accessible to the public within a larger network Guidelines is a companion to the Energized Public and Open Space (PROS) Plan recognize the need to owned by: Spaces Functional Master Plan (EPS Plan). The scope focus on urban parks in the County’s growing urban • M-NCPPC of these guidelines addresses the network of public centers and lay the groundwork for a new urban spaces within the adopted EPS Plan Study Area - refer • Montgomery County park typology that will require partnerships, grants, to Figure 1.2. For the criteria used to select the study • Public Schools creative funding and comprehensive and sustainable area, refer to Energized Public Spaces Functional • Other Municipalities bounding the EPS Study Area approaches to their planning, design, construction, Master Plan, March 2018. • Private Owners (POPS - Privately-Owned Public maintenance and programming. Spaces) The role of public spaces must adapt to a community’s Urban parks offer a larger design challenge due to evolving social, recreational and environmental needs. The Appendix of this document provides links to our their location within expensive and scarce land: they The terminology “public spaces” includes “urban upcoming online library showing detailed examples necessitate more condensed, efficient and multi-use parks” and “non-urban parks”. The terminology “urban and Case Studies of Urban Park and Public Space public spaces. Chapter 3 focuses on the urban park parks” allows the M-NCPPC to apply for different Types for additional guidance on open space design. typology established in the 2017 PROS Plan, and public or private grants. provides specific key elements based on the main In Chapter 2, the document provides areawide design function of each park type. All public spaces that fit guidelines that are applicable to all public spaces in the description of one or more urban park types,

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 3 ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES

VISION

PRINCIPLES ACCESS AND SENSE OF URBAN CONNECTIVITY COMMUNITY ECOLOGY

GUIDELINES CONNECTIONS CONTEXT PLACE VARIETY COMFORT

CIVIC GREEN URBAN RECREATIONAL PARK NEIGHBORHOOD GREEN URBAN GREENWAY TEMPORARY PARK PARK TYPES

PLAZA URBAN RECREATIONAL PARKLET POCKET GREEN

OUTCOMES SOCIALLY INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTALLY DESIGN AND DESIGN EXCELLENCE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

Figure 1.1 - Energized Public Spaces Design Framework

4 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION Figure 1.2 - Energized Public Spaces Plan Study Area and Pilot Area Map

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 5 1.1 Vision and Purpose

“Provide stronger, healthier and happier communities in the County. In the places where we have the

most people, everyone can walk to a public space to enjoy the outdoors.” Energized Public Spaces Functional Master Plan

Klyde Warren Park, Dallas Art District, TX. Source: Pinterest

6 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION Vision and Purpose How to Use these Guidelines For Development Review applications in Master and Sector Plans outside of the EPS Study Area, these The EPS Plan’s vision is to provide access to a network A. Master and Sector Plans, guidelines will serve as an available resource to help of public spaces within a 10-minute walking distance Associated Design Guidelines and achieve excellence in the design of the space. for a resident or worker in our denser urban areas. The Streetscape Standards: EPS Plan was created to provide a comprehensive Guidelines Flexibility For Master and Sector Plans and associated approach to define and locate different park types documents within the larger EPS Study Area, this The Planning Board may approve alternative design within the EPS Study Area. This document, Designing document should be used to assist in the development approaches that better meet the intent of the design Public Spaces: Energized Public Spaces Design guidelines. This review flexibility will allow room for of recommendations for park and public space design. Guidelines, provides overall design guidance for all truly exceptional and unexpected creative solutions to For Plan areas not covered within the EPS Study Area, existing and proposed public spaces within the EPS improve public spaces. The guidelines described in these guidelines will serve as an available resource for Study Area. This document aligns with and supports this document are intended to provide applicants with the same purpose. the policies included in the 2017 PROS Plan, the EPS an understanding of what will be expected of the public Plan, and the 2017 Recreational Guidelines for Private B. Development Review: spaces within their proposed developments. They will Residential Development (Recreation Guidelines). provide M-NCPPC staff and the Planning Board with a For Development Review applications within Master framework to guide the development review process. This document will provide overall design guidance and Sector Plans within the larger EPS Study Area, to all stakeholders including planners, designers, this document will provide guidance on the design In addition to compliance with the guidelines, design decision-makers, developers, land owners and of privately-owned Public Open Space. Specific site proposals and alternative solutions will be evaluated citizens during master and sector plan processes. It recommendations in the Master or Sector Plan and based on the surrounding context, site conditions, and will also be used in the development review process the associated Plan Design Guidelines relating to the how the project meets the EPS Plan, master/sector plan by the Maryland National Capital Park and Planning design of Public Open Space will take precedence. goals, design principles and design guidelines intent, Commission (M-NCPPC) staff. However, in the absence of specific language for and other studies and policies affecting the specific designing public spaces in Master and Sector Plans, development site. these guidelines should inform the design of Public Space.

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 7 1.2 Goals

Develop Flexible Design Guidelines... • That are adaptable, supportive of the existing network of public spaces, and are responsive to diverse, changing demographics and needs within the County (Refer to Chapter 2). • That offer a flexible menu of options within different contexts and settings for each urban park type identified in the 2017 PROS Plan and in master or sector plans as they are created and adopted (Refer to Chapter 3). Create a Common Language for Urban Parks and Public Spaces... • That allows alignment of input from County officials, staff, the development community and citizens on the types of amenities and/or programming they can expect in a particular type of park or public space. • That clarifies the roles and expectations from developers and landowners when zoning requires publicly accessible spaces. • That guides M-NCPPC staff in the planning, design, and development review processes. Provide Examples... • That illustrate the design intent proposed in this document through photographs with explanatory captions in Chapter 3 and additional case studies in upcoming online library.

8 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.3 Integrated Public Process

This document was created through a public process that provided input and information from different groups. Specifically, these groups included: Urban Parks Advisory Group

Formed with volunteers representing the following three major stakeholder groups: • Citizen or Community Group Representatives • Property Owners, Developers, Designers • Montgomery County Government Staff

The goals of this group were to help staff analyze and develop overall design guidelines for a diverse network of parks and public spaces within the EPS Plan Study Area. Core Team and Designers Groups

An internal core team of designers and planners from the Montgomery County Departments of Parks and Planning met throughout the process to create, write and coordinate the written and graphic content of these guidelines. Operations Framework Document

Following the adoption of these guidelines, an Operations Framework - another companion document to the EPS Plan - will be created. This document will align the programming, policing, maintenance and operations of new and existing public spaces with the principles and design guidelines discussed in this document.

The integration of these two documents will help in the delivery of successful public spaces through partnerships that will maximize use and programming, offset costs and help serve a more inclusive and larger public.

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 9 1.4 Outcomes

“City parks play a vital role in the social, economic learn about and enjoy nature, where we recreate, and they increase the desire to live, work and visit these and physical well-being of America’s cities and where we can just relax. communities. their residents. Parks are now recognized as powerful tools for urban communities and local In the past, County parks were used to frame Environmentally Sustainable Design - The economies.” City Parks Alliance neighborhoods and preserve natural features and implementation of sustainable design practices in

Well-designed parks and public spaces, particularly corridors. As the County continues to grow and densify, parks and public spaces spaces will continue to within our populated centers, promote social a greater emphasis on parks as central focal points and support the County’s desire to reduce greenhouse gas interaction, provide a respite with nature for citizens, points of refuge for neighborhoods and communities emissions by 2027 (Resolution 18-794) and promote create economic value for surrounding neighborhoods needs to be realized. community resilience to climate change. Offsetting urban heat island effects, reducing stormwater run and property owners, and help relieve and mitigate heat Socially Inclusive Design - An integrated, welcoming, off, connecting wildlife corridors, and absorbing more island effects and storm water runoff. They also provide safe, comfortable, inviting and easily-accessible carbon, parks and public spaces protect our limited natural habitat and views of nature. They are a platform network of parks and public spaces promotes natural resources while promoting human and habitat for many community experiences that have direct and community-building and encourages stewardship health. indirect benefits to the lifestyle and health of residents, of our cultural and natural resources. Well-designed employees, and visitors. parks and public spaces generate community identity,

Parks and public spaces have always played an pride, and advocacy as well as champion and promote important role in the quality of life in Montgomery physical and mental health.

County. They support mental and physical health for all Economic Development and Design Excellence - of us. Our parks are inclusive and enjoyed by all county Well-designed parks and public spaces increase residents and visitors, no matter one’s economic surrounding property values and become the standing, ethnicity or physical ability. They have been “postcards” of communities by promoting their the places where our natural environment and cultural livability and attractiveness. As economic drivers, attractions are emphasized and preserved, where we

10 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION PARKS INCREASE PARKS SAVE PROPERTY VALUES MONEY ON INFRASTRUCTURE

Cities are creating and using parks as a green infrastructure People EXERCISE approach to managing MORE if they have access and preventing flooding. to PARKS and other Houses near parks or trails have safe outdoor places. Physlcal actlvlty can reduce or prevent 5-20% higher property av Iues serious health problems. than those In the surrounding communlty.

PARKS KEEP CITIES PARKS ATTRACT COOLER RESIDENTS AND Parksh elp tocool cities by reducing the heat island effect. BUSINESSES GRAY GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE

$40 $24 MILLION MILLION

Using just one park and investing in green infrastructure instead of gray infrastructure, the City of Atlanta is savingat least Infographics in this page illustrate the series of benefits associated to an integrated network of parks and public spaces within $16 MILLION urban areas. Source: City Parks Alliance

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 11 Energized Public Spaces Design Guidelines Chapter 2

Illustration by Atul Sharma 12 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES 2 AREAWIDE DESIGN GUIDELINES

“The measure of any great civilization is in its cities, and the measure of a city’s greatness is to be found in the quality of its public spaces, its parks and squares.”

John Ruskin

DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 13 2.1 Design Principles

Three design principles support the goals of Vision 2030 Strategic Plan, the 2017 PROS Plan and the EPS Plan, and provide the foundation for the guidelines that will steer the design of all publicly accessible parks and public spaces within the EPS Study Area, and throughout Montgomery County.

ACCESS & CONNECTIVITY SENSE OF COMMUNITY URBAN ECOLOGY

Public spaces must be open and inviting to everyone. Public spaces are the physical, social, cultural and Public spaces must support the social and They should be centrally located and easily accessible environmental “heart” of communities. They are the environmental well-being of the greater community. - within a 10-minute walking distance - and link street places of community identity, value, pride and social They inherently promote health and habitat by helping and open spaces networks. Urban public spaces are interaction. They must be attractive, safe and engaging clean and filter the air and water, keep places cooler, well-defined and framed with fronting streets and with a range of experiences for gathering, relaxation and contribute to community resilience by acting buildings providing synergy of uses and making the and recreation. as green infrastructure. In addition, public spaces space a focal point of a larger area or neighborhood. encourage greater environmental stewardship, education and responsible interaction with natural habitat.

14 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES A. CONTEXT B. PLACE C. COMFORT D. VARIETY 2.2 Design Guidelines E. CONNECTIONS

While the three design principles are at the core of all public spaces in Montgomery County, public space design should be considered through the lens of the following five design guidelines that shape the public realm framework of parks, streets and other public spaces within the EPS Study Area. Each guideline contains a series of topics to be considered and addressed during the design process. Table 2.1 summarizes the design intent of each design guideline, and its associated topics.

Guideline Design Intent Topic

Adjacencies A. CONTEXT Incorporate Site Context in the Design of Public Spaces Existing Conditions Planned Conditions

Identity B. PLACE Celebrate and Incorporate Community Identity Features Community-Driven Process

Enclosure C. COMFORT Make Public Spaces Comfortable and Inviting Amenity Design and Location Safety

Space Flexibility Provide Flexible Spaces for a Diversity of Activities and VARIETY Diverse Programming D. Experiences

Access E. CONNECTIONS Enhance Community Connections Multiple Choices Wayfinding

Table 2.1 - Matrix illustrating Design Guidelines, their Design Intent, and Topics

CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 15 CONTEXT A. Intent: Incorporate Site Context in the Design of Public Spaces

To create vibrant public spaces that are distinctive to the location, a site’s topography and unique traits, and its surrounding community’s existing and planned physical form and architecture should be considered in the design of the public spaces.

1. ADJACENCIES: Ensure public spaces relate to adjacent streets, open spaces, architecture and landscape. a. Public Realm: Reinforce and integrate new parks and public space into the public realm of adjacent streets, trails and parks networks. b.Architecture/Landscape: Respond to adjacent building entrances, unique building forms and/or landscape masses. c.Defined Space: Design urban parks and open spaces as “living rooms” of our neighborhoods, towns and cities by including streets and walls that define the space. d.Views: Capitalize on views and important axes to and from the site - design places to see and be seen. Frame important signature elements of the public space with landscape, trees and/or topography. Frame views out from the park towards landmark buildings, Pentagon Row Plaza, Arlington, VA. The centrally located plaza is a public space framed by buildings and landscape features. building entrances, and/or major view axes with The central green space allows visual connections to and from the park, and also from the surrounding ground floor retail and pathways, landscapes, rows or bosques of trees residential units. The space caters to the needs of the visitors and residents. Source: Federal Realty Investment Trust or topography.

16 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES “A sustainable park is a park that’s made to preserve natural resources and promote quality of life for the people around it. It uses existing native plants and geographic features to be more efficient, while also enjoyable.” - Meeting of the Minds

“Streets and their sidewalks, and the main public places of a city, are its most vital organs.” – Jane Jacobs

2. EXISTING CONDITIONS: Take advantage of existing geography, landscapes, topography and microclimate. Use existing topography to inform park design and to minimize extreme excavation or grading. Consider balanced terracing to accommodate major grade changes and to enhance important views. 3. PLANNED CONDITIONS: Consider nearby planned development and infrastructure improvements to design with the flexibility to integrate those assets and constraints into a cohesive neighborhood plan. Within all existing or new neighborhood or site plans, the park or public space should be considered a central “room” within the larger mass of building frontages and blocks.

Schenley Plaza, Pittsburgh, PA. This is an example that takes advantage of existing adjacent institutional buildings facing the central lawn area by creating visual and physical connections, making it a central focal point for the surrounding development. Source: Sasaki

CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 17 PLACE B. Intent: Celebrate and Incorporate Community Identity

Public spaces are places that bring economic and social value to their surrounding communities through social interactions. Linking physical, historic, cultural, and natural features together creates a unique sense of place. Each public space should celebrate the special features that provide its unique identity and help the community engage and learn.

1. IDENTITY: Incorporate physical, social, cultural spaces such as the paving or a paving feature, and natural features of the site into the design of the the light poles, an interactive water feature, park or public space. furnishings, signage and/or an element of the landscape. Artwork should be designed by an 2. FEATURES: Design features that will attract people artist, who engages the community in the design to the public space and make it a destination, or process. Interactive art features are preferred to community focal point. Make special features non-interactive art features. visible to invite people to use the space and, when appropriate, tell a story. All features should c.Historic Features: Reuse or renovate existing be designed as an integrated system with clear historic or cultural features where feasible in or circulation connecting to defined spaces and adjacent to parks and public spaces. physically or visually featuring artistic, historic and/ d.Natural Features - Incorporate and/or create or programmed components. settings and resources that bring nature into the a. Signage: Where appropriate, consider special design of the public space. signage or branding that reflects the historic, i. To the greatest extent possible, use native cultural or natural character of the community. plants and tree species that thrive in our Provide opportunities for interpretation of unique climate. Native plants are typically drought community features such as wetlands, tree tolerant, are hospitable to native fauna and help groves, or historic elements. to create a natural link between our parks, open Indianapolis Cultural Trail, IN. This is an 8-mile linear park b.Public Art: Integrate public art into the designs spaces and natural resources. and trail that connects six cultural districts. New features of parks or public spaces. Art can be a featured ii. Consider the use of a diverse palette of plant incorporate public art and lighting, allowing use of the space at night. Source: visitindiana.com piece, or part of the architectural elements of the and tree species that provide different colors,

18 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES “By turning ‘spaces’ into ‘places’ we can take a step towards providing inhabitants with access to interesting, equitable and attractive settings to meet various needs and facilitate more interaction in the urban life.” Source: Global Public Space Toolkit: From Global Principles to Local Policies and Practice (2016), UN-HABITAT

forms and textures throughout all the seasons. Diverse plant types also minimize potential expansive destruction from pests or harsh climate conditions. iii. Consider annual plantings to heighten spring, summer and fall experiences in important focal areas within parks. iv.Bio-swales, rain gardens, conservation landscapes and porous pavers, as well as green roofs on buildings, should be incorporated into park and open space designs to mitigate stormwater runoff. Provide a design solution that balances both recreation space and habitat restoration/conservation. v. Where possible, use recycled or recyclable materials and materials with low environmental impacts.

vi. Consider interactive design solutions to Riverfront Park, Newark, NJ. The park was created by transforming the previously contaminated industrial land adjacent to the enhance the relationship between people and city’s Passaic River. It consists of various waterfront recreational amenities for citizens to enjoy. Interpretive signage and a variety elements of the natural environment. of event venues support community demographics and creates a sense of belonging, pride and ownership. Source: Newark Riverfront (top); City Village News (bottom left); Inhabitat (bottom right)

CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 19 3. COMMUNITY-DRIVEN PROCESS: Engage the community early in the design process to ensure the design is meaningful and reflective of community identity. Engage stakeholders such as property owners, developers, non-profit groups, community members, artists, and public agencies to collaborate in delivering creative design solutions and development strategies. a. Temporary Places: Consider short-term/ temporary design solutions that reflect community identity where possible as pilot public spaces before long-term development occurs. b.Performance Surveys: Consider ways to gather information on the use of the public space. Data- driven analysis provides information on the use of facilities and can help improve future design solutions for the space. c.Environmental Stewardship: Work with the community and schools to develop early advocacy for programs and activities to encourage nature appreciation, education, and stewardship.

“Cultural representation and diversity in neighborhoods are determinants of community resilience. Preservation of cultural diversity helps social systems better adapt to and cope with change. Benito Juarez Park, City of Maywood, CA. This 40-foot-long mosaic dragon is a popular centerpiece that animates the park. It Consequently, integrating local input into decision was inspired from traditional Oaxacan art and created by local artist Jolino Beserra. Located in the most crowded and park-poor making is essential to preserving cultural assets.” community of Los Angeles County, the park is “a neighborhood icon created in the cultural vocabulary of its largely Mexican- Source: Inclusive Healthy Places, American residents”- Trust for Public Land. Source:Trust for Public Land Gehl Institute

20 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES (Top and bottom) Wunder Garten in the NoMa BID, Washington Urban Flower Field, St.Paul, MN. This interim park and mural was created through collaboration between the City of St. DC, is an example of adding a variety of pop up events and Paul Parks and Recreation, Public Art Saint Paul, the University of St. Thomas, Minneapolis College of Art and Design and program elements to serve the community’s need for parks and Neighborhood Volunteers. This temporary space will remain in place while a permanent park is planned and designed. Source: public spaces. Source: Top: optoro.com; Bottom: Wundergarten City of St.Paul DC

CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 21 COMFORT C. Intent: Make Public Spaces Comfortable and Inviting

Great parks are comfortable to people of all ages, ethnicities and economic backgrounds. Parks and public space design should address the elements of human scale, enclosure and scenery by providing desirable amenities. People need to feel attracted to the space, welcomed in, feel comfortable to stay, and delighted to come back.

1. ENCLOSURE - Frame spaces and/or pathways have at least one primary space with smaller i. Wherever possible in parks and open spaces, within parks with landscape, trees and/or light spaces, pathways and alcoves feeding off plant large native tree species with expansive fixtures to define the spaces, create edges or to them. This hierarchy should encourage greater canopies as iconic objects in the space. Large establish a transition from space to space. In circulation through the parks and provide multiple trees maximize evapotranspiration of rain and parks over ½ acre, provide different spaces and experiences such as places to gather as a group, runoff, minimize heat island effects in the experiences that encourage multiple park uses throw a frisbee with friends, take a leisurely walk summer and provide shade for park users and users through the creation of different spaces, or jog, and/or to read a book alone. and adjacent buildings. Provide a balance of landscapes, park edges, programs or furnishings. shaded and sunny areas. d.Surroundings: Integrate public spaces with a. Adequate Building Frontages: Make sure sidewalks, streets and alleys, circulation routes, ii. Consider solar exposure and natural ventilation buildings surrounding the central public space recessed entries, courtyards, plazas, through- in the placement of park spaces, paths and have frontage and publicly accessible areas that block connections, and weekend street closures. amenities. These elements are important in face the space to encourage human interaction promoting park activities throughout different e. Scale: Create opportunities for lively, pedestrian- and activity at the street level. Provide visible seasons. oriented open spaces to attract interest and access to building entries. Refrain from creating iii. Add features to mitigate undesirable encourage interaction with the site, adjacent separate “back door” entrances for persons with microclimatic conditions, such as structures buildings, and street grid. Provide human-scale mobility limitations. to provide shade, and screening to buffer wind places to pause and contemplate views, to play and noise. b.Streets: Ensure that public spaces are bordered and be active, and to gather with friends, family by at least one street and that adjacent streets and community. 2. AMENITY DESIGN AND LOCATION: Amenities have sidewalks to promote access and circulation should be located in places that maximize use. f. Microclimate: Take advantage of microclimate from its other edges. Furniture, sports amenities and special features elements to make the best use of the site and should all support the overall park or open space bring comfort to pedestrians. c.Space Hierarchy: Provide a sense of hierarchy concept and design. through parks. All parks and open space should

22 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES Sister Cities Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Areas of respite created through tree shade and strategic placement of seating and other features under the shade provide relief from weather and also let visitors stay outdoors and enjoy the public space longer. Source: M-NCPPC

(Top left) Ellsworth Plaza, Silver Spring, Maryland. Retail frontage surronding the plaza provides eyes on the space, promoting a safe and comfortable space for users. Source: M-NCPPC; (Top right) Rittenhouse Square, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The trees, benches, and shrubs provide well defined boundaries, and separation from the hustle and bustle of the adjacent streets and shopping area, while also allowing visibility of the space. Source: PlanPhilly.com; (Bottom) Spruce Street Harbor Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Visitors take a break on hammocks during a hot summer afternoon. Source: M-NCPPC

CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 23 restrooms, especially if the public space is a regional destination and cannot rely on a. Furnishings: surrounding uses to provide service. i. Seating and Tables: provide a variety of ii. Concession/ kiosk - should be located in arrangements using comfortable and durable a way that maximizes use yet minimizes materials that are accessible to all ages and interruption of primary park spaces. abilities. Permanent seating should be located at the edge of spaces and along connecting iii. Wi-Fi - wherever possible, consider providing pathways where desired. Locate seating to Wi-Fi access in public spaces. promote views and lines of sight across 3. SAFETY: Provide programming, visibility and spaces. Consider movable furniture that allows active uses to encourage human interaction and visitors to make choices and to gather in promote a sense of personal safety. smaller or larger groups when desired. ii. Trash and Recycle Bins: Place in strategic a. Crime Prevention Through Environmental locations with convenient access for collection Design (CPTED): Apply principles of CPTED and maintenance. by providing open lines of sight throughout iii. Bike Racks: locate near transit stops, adjacent parks and public spaces. Encourage natural to building entries, near shared parking areas surveillance through strategic placement of trees, and/or next to play areas. Design bike racks to shrubs and furniture. be attractive, playful and functional. b.Lighting: Provide adequate lighting to highlight iv.Drinking Fountains: Provide drinking fountains the public space as community focal points near areas near areas of physical activity that and to highlight special buildings and features are accessible to all such as playgrounds, throughout the day and evening. Consider multi-use courts, trail heads, and exercise seasonal lighting and provide adequate light equipment. Design drinking fountains to be levels to support pedestrian safety and security at attractive, playful and functional. central spaces and pathways at night. Light levels and the direction of lighting should maximize b. Visitor Facilities: In larger parks or open safety yet minimize night sky light pollution in the (Top and bottom) The Porch at 30th Street Station, spaces that allow for additional park facilities surrounding neighborhood. Philadelphia, PA. Through creative seating with swing such as bathrooms or concession stands, c.Ground Floor Transparency: Provide adequate seats and shade canopies, as well as pop up events, design them to be adjacent to primary transparency at the ground level, especially at visitors enjoy the space and socialize in a comfortable circulation routes and to maximize safe use. setting. Source: universitycity.org gathering areas and building entries and view i. Restrooms - consider providing public corridors. Transparency provides the pedestrian

24 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES the ability to see or perceive certain activities and spaces in and around the public spaces. d.Landscape: Along walkways and more isolated play areas, provide appropriate native tree species with high canopies and low shrub species to maximize sight lines and minimize places to hide. Maintain landscape so that there is permanent visibility across open spaces. e. Maintenance: Design the spaces to allow efficient access for operations and maintenance with support facilities (if needed) integral to the overall design. Incorporate maintenance needs from the beginning of the park design process. Provide access to water, maintenance vehicles where needed and appropriate infrastructure year- round.

Christmas lights at Zuccotti Park, New York City, NY. Lighting allows activity within public spaces beyond daylight hours. This also helps to activate spaces where people feel safe and comfortable. Source: Wikipedia

“Many successful plazas have one common element: a sense of continuous enclosure. Think of it as an outdoor living room with the surrounding buildings as walls. You’re walking down the street and you suddenly enter this large open gathering space bordered by buildings. Without this sense of enclosure, you feel exposed to traffic and other flows of the city. An enclosed plaza feels more like a space to stay than a wide corridor to walk through.” Source: Projexity Blog (2015)

CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 25 VARIETY D. Intent: Provide Flexible Spaces for a Diversity of Activities and Experiences

Parks and public spaces allow people to gather in a common place and share a range of activities and physical experiences that can be either active or contemplative. Urban parks and public spaces should encourage a diversity of uses by delivering unique spaces and features that accommodate social interaction. A variety of programming options should be employed at these spaces to serve different audiences.

1. FLEXIBILITY: different spatial configurations and numbers of users. Consider including space for informal b.Multiple and Simultaneous Uses: In parks a. Design: Spaces should be designed to be flexible community-scale events such as performances, and open spaces large and small, consider how to accommodate multiple types of programs and farmer’s markets, kiosks and community bulletin events such as food festivals, markets, games, events. These programs should be able to celebrate boards, cafes, or street vendors. the physical, social, cultural, and natural features movies, concerts, art shows and/or sports etc. can of the site and respond to the diversity within be accommodated simultaneously when desired. iv.Community Open Space: Create versatile communities. Foster interaction opportunities. spaces by providing continuous areas of lawn or pavement surrounded by paths. i. Street Closure: Design the edges of public i. All ages: Provide activity areas for all ages, spaces to incorporate temporary street closures, interests and backgrounds. Multi-generational v. Diverse users: Consider female and male, kids where feasible, to provide additional space facilities are encouraged. and seniors, people walking through or lingering. for activities and events, especially during the ii. All Experiences: Provide spaces for active 2. DIVERSE PROGRAMMING: Design spaces that weekends. recreation, contemplation and social gathering. allow a diversity of programs in public spaces. ii. All weather/season: In parks and open spaces iii. Multi-Use Spaces/Facilities/Furnishings: Give a. Promote Placemaking: “Placemaking is a large and small, consider how events such as preference to multi-use spaces, play fields and people-centered approach to the planning process, food festivals, markets, games, movies, music, courts instead of specialized uses. Buildings design and management of public spaces. Put art and/or sports etc. can be accommodated over located inside public spaces should be designed simply, it makes people feel good about where they different times of the year. Consider integrating for flexible uses to accommodate changes in the live, work or play. It involves the action of looking seasonal planting and appropriate infrastructure program and demographics. Consider movable at, listening to, and asking questions of the people for these events. seating to allow flexibility in accommodating who live, work and play in a particular space, When

26 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES the people come together, they experience and discover the community’s needs and aspirations. A community’s vision is then derived thorough their interactions with each other within the place.” Refer to the M-NCPPC effort and approach to placemaking: http://montgomeryplanning.org/ planning/placemaking/ b.Diverse Schedule of Operations: Design flexible public spaces to host different activities throughout the course of the day, week or year. Design spaces for evening activity to give those who work and/or study during the day an opportunity to enjoy public spaces. c.Diverse Scale of Events: Consider space for programming and events at different scales to attract diverse users.

“A space performs well when people use it—especially when those people come from diverse groups and interact with each other, which promotes inclusion. Numerous studies have suggested that exposure to people who are different from one’s self—including differences in race, sexual preference, or religion—increases tolerance and empathy toward others. Creating spaces that invite a diversity of users helps build a more inclusive and (Top and bottom left) Bryant Park, New York City, NY. Bryant Park is a great example of flexible furnishings, diverse programming, and supporting amenities that allows all-season use. Source: Wikimedia. (Bottom right) Mission Dolores Park, San Francisco, equitable community for all.” Source: has a large unprogrammed lawn area that accommodates small to large scale events. This is used for picnics and active Inclusive Healthy Places, Gehl Institute recreation at other times. Source: SF.Curbed.com

CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 27 CONNECTIONS E. Intent: Enhance Community Connections

Successful public spaces are connected to their surrounding neighborhoods and easily accessible to all - including children, seniors and individuals with disabilities. Connections should prioritize the pedestrian experience: the arrival, the navigation of the space, and the selection of different clusters of activities and destinations, and then departure. Public spaces should be integrated to the network of existing parks, other public spaces, ecological and historic/cultural areas and community destination areas.

1. ACCESS: slip ground surfaces, seating at key resting d.Gateways: Design access points with points, through-block connections and ramps distinguished features so all visitors can be a. Prioritize Pedestrian Circulation: for wheeled devices to areas for recreation, greeted and welcomed through the front door. i. Pedestrian circulation should be prioritized education, and habitat preservation. e. Loading/Service Areas: Place loading/service over other transportation uses (bicycles, vi. Consider implementing “woonerf:” roadways areas away from main entries and storefronts motorized vehicles) shared by pedestrians, bicycles and vehicles surrounding the public space, when possible. ii. Provide direct pedestrian connections through where appropriate. Provide vegetated buffers to loading/service areas the space to public transit and to adjacent b.Access to All: Make the public space feel surrounding the public space. public and private pedestrian infrastructure. welcoming to all. Meet the needs of diverse 2. MULTIPLE CHOICES: iii. Provide ample space for pedestrian flow and communities to promote equitable access. circulation, especially in areas where there Integrate universal access into site design. a. Integrate Mobility: Locate public spaces is already heavy pedestrian traffic or where Consider children, seniors and individuals with in proximity and accessible to transportation the project is expected to increase pedestrian disabilities. options and connected to a network of streets traffic. c.Connect with Nature: Provide opportunities and sidewalks, trails and mid-block connections iv.Locate activity areas and programming in to connect to off-site natural areas to promote that offer safe pedestrian access and crossings spaces that are centrally located in relation to a continuous habitat and increase migration to areas for recreation, education, and habitat view corridors, entries, public transit and the corridors wherever possible. Promote watershed preservation. street grid. connectivity through education and best b.Parking: Where multiple transportation options v. Add features to assist pedestrians in stormwater management practices. Where such as walking, biking and transit are readily navigating sloped sites, long blocks, or possible, daylight and/or restore existing available, public spaces should not contain other site challenges. Include exterior stairs waterways. dedicated parking lots. Provide shared parking and landings, escalators, elevators, non-

28 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES “One study found that people living within a half-mile of a park participate in 38 percent more exercise sessions per week than people who live further away.” Source: Inclusive Healthy Places, Gehl Institute

on streets and at nearby surface parking lots or signage for park operations hours and closures, same neighborhood/district. Consider the use of garages where possible. a map of the park, and educational information, public art and community engagement to create where appropriate. signage and make people feel welcomed. 3. WAYFINDING: Provide clear and creative b.Signage: Consider graphic and visual language wayfinding to connect different spaces. to connect a network of public spaces within the a. Hours of Operations: Provide clear and visible

Cheonggyecheon Stream, Seoul. The Cheonggyecheon Stream Restoration project brought a dramatic transformation to an industrial eyesore by demolishing an elevated freeway and University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Wider sidewalks allow comfortable pedestrian connections. Benches, trees and bike uncovering a section of the historic Cheonggyecheon Stream that racks create socially inviting space and provide safe connections for pedestrians and commuters. Source: GGN (Gustafson was restored as an ecological and recreational asset for citizens to Guthrie Nichol) Landscape Architects enjoy. The transformation also spurred economic growth bringing in growth and investment to the area. Source: M-NCPPC

CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 29 “Safe Routes to Parks is NRPA’s campaign to implement environmental, policy, and program strategies that create safe and equitable access to parks for all people. These strategies align with the goals of the 10-Minute Walk campaign and are great tools and resources to increase access and safe walking connections to parks.” - National Recreation and Park Association. Source: NRPA

Clear and strategic placement of wayfinding and signage assist navigation to and within a public space. Creative and inclusive designs that are accessible and representative of the users, such as tactile or multilingual signs, can provide diverse and safe connections for all. Source: Calgary Riverwalk

Rose Kennedy Greenway, Boston, MA. This is a linear series of parks and gardens that re-connect many of Boston’s Designing safe connections to public spaces for all ages and neighborhoods. Well-connected to the street grid and transit lines, the park is easily accessible by public transportation, walking abilities enables parks to function as multi-generational and and biking. Source: Nancy Lane/Boston Herald inclusive spaces.Source: Indyculturaltrail.org

30 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES High Line Park, New York, NY. The High Line is a successful example of reimagining an abandoned transportation infrastructure into an innovative and integrated system - a linear public park. Running along 20 blocks, this new space delivers an urban corridor connecting habitat, wildlife and people. A design of a new paving and planting system allowing varying ratios of hard to soft surface accommodates high pedestrian traffic flow and allows planting along its path. Each element in the design considered sustainable principles such as: material selection keeping low life-cycle costs of selected materials; native, drought-resistant plant species to fit the High Line’s micro-climates; and water recirculation for some parts of the park. Source: ASLA

Separated bike paths provide safe connections for bikers, Yanweizhou Park, Jinhua City, China. The park designers Downtown East Commons, Minneapolis, MN. Sidewalks with food allowing multi-modal connections to parks and public delivered a bridge and path system withing this park that truck parking bring enclosure and activity for safe pedestrian spaces. Source: M-NCPPC connects the city with nature and accounts for the dynamic circulation around the edges of the park. Creative landscaping and water currents and pedestrian traffic flow. Source: www. seating options also create a human scale for pedestrians. Source: landezine.com; M-NCPPC Hargreaves Associates

CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 31 2.3 Checklist

A. CONTEXT: Incorporate Site Context in the Placement of Public Spaces

1. ADJACENCIES: Ensure public spaces relate to adjacent streets, open 2. EXISTING CONDITIONS: Take advantage of existing geography, spaces, architecture and landscape. landscapes, topography and microclimate.Use existing topography to inform park design and to minimize extreme excavation or grading. a. Public Realm Consider balanced terracing to accommodate major grade changes and b.Architecture/Landscape to enhance important views.

c.Defined Space 3. PLANNED CONDITIONS: Consider nearby planned development and infrastructure improvements to design with the flexibility to integrate d.Views those assets and constraints into a cohesive neighborhood plan.

B. PLACE: Celebrate and Incorporate Community Identity

1. IDENTITY: Incorporate physical, social, cultural and natural features of 3. COMMUNITY-DRIVEN PROCESS: Engage the community early in the site into the design of the park or public space. the design process to ensure the design is meaningful and reflective of community identity. Engage stakeholders such as property owners, 2. FEATURES: Design features that will attract people to the public space developers, non-profit groups, community members, artists, and public and make it a destination, or community focal point. agencies to collaborate in delivering creative design solutions and a. Signage development strategies.

b.Public Art a. Temporary Places

c.Historic Features b.Performance Surveys

d.Natural Features c.Environmental Stewardship

32 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES C. COMFORT: Make Public Spaces Comfortable and Inviting

1. ENCLOSURE - Frame spaces and/or pathways within parks with 3. SAFETY: Provide programming, visibility and active uses to encourage landscape, trees and/or light fixtures to define the spaces, create edges human interaction and promote a sense of personal safety. or to establish a transition from space to space. a. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) a. Adequate Building Frontages b.Lighting b.Streets c.Ground Floor Transparency c.Space Hierarchy d.Landscape d.Surroundings e. Maintenance e. Scale

f. Microclimate

2. AMENITY DESIGN AND LOCATION: Amenities should be located in places that maximize use.

a. Furnishings

b.Visitor Facilities

CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 33 D. VARIETY: Provide Flexible Spaces for a Diversity of Activities and Experiences

1. FLEXIBILITY: 2. DIVERSE PROGRAMMING: Design spaces that allow a diversity of programs in public spaces. a. Design: Spaces should be designed to be flexible to accommodate multiple types of programs and events. a. Promote Placemaking

b.Multiple and Simultaneous Uses b.Diverse Schedule of Operations

c.Diverse Scale of Events

E. CONNECTIONS: Enhance Community Connections

1. ACCESS 2. MULTIPLE CHOICES

a. Prioritize Pedestrian Circulation a. Integrate Mobility

b.Access to All b.Parking

c.Connect with Nature 3. WAYFINDING: Provide clear and creative wayfinding to connect d.Gateways different spaces.

e. Loading/Service Areas a. Hours of Operations b.Signage

34 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES THIS PAGE WAS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

CHAPTER 2 - OVERALL DESIGN GUIDELINES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN PARKS DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 35 Energized Public Spaces Design Guidelines Chapter 3

Illustration by Atul Sharma

36 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 3 URBAN PARK TYPES DESIGN ELEMENTS

“...public spaces matter, that people can be mobilized to save and expand them, and that there is always hope for the future...especially when people learn to cherish and work to preserve the rich variety of public spaces in their own often rapidly-changing, modernizing, noisy, tumultuous and colourful city.” From the book: “Public Spaces: How They Humanize Cities”.

DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 37 THIS PAGE WAS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

38 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 3.1 Urban Park Types Montgomery County parks are classified into two broad COUNTYWIDE 3.1.2 Plaza categories - Countywide Parks and Community Use Parks, with several park types in each category. The The 2017 PROS Plan defines four types of Countywide Plazas align with and complement the Civic Green urban park typology was identified in the 2017 PROS Urban Parks. These park types serve residents, visitors, park type. Plazas are formally planned, predominantly Plan with a park hierarchy based on each park’s major and workers in a larger urban high-density transit- hardscaped open spaces for pedestrian traffic near function, service area, programs and key community oriented development area. They are programmed with transit stops and/or commercial and higher density features. These parks should be incorporated into the numerous activities to have a regional draw within the residential uses. Depending on size, plazas may County’s street and public open space. County. Parking should be located within structures, support activities including open air markets, concerts, underground or in nearby public parking lots, or along festivals, and special events, but are not often used for The 2017 PROS Plan recommends that for each urban adjoining streets, rather than on-site. Parks may be active recreational purposes. They should face streets area, a unique open space system be planned to serve lighted at night along major circulation routes, event and building frontages to maximize pedestrian use and the projected demographics of residents, workers, and venues and/or at sports courts. exposure and have access to sunlight. visitors. The urban design vision developed in future master plan or sector plans will help guide the service 3.1.1 Civic Green 3.1.3 Urban Recreational Park area, program, key features, size and design of these These spaces are formally planned, flexible, Oriented to the recreational needs of densely populated open spaces. If an urban park accommodates the programmable open spaces that serve as places neighborhoods and districts, this type of park provides functions of one or more park types, the predominant for informal gathering, quiet contemplation, or space for many activities. Athletic fields, playing function, program, features and context will determine large special events. Depending on size, they may courts, picnic areas, dog parks, sitting areas and the park type within the hierarchy of open spaces. support open air markets, concerts, festivals, and/or flexible grassy open space are all common in this special events but are not often used for programmed park type. Programming can include farmer’s markets, recreational purposes. A large central lawn is often outdoor exercise classes, and/or community yard the main focus, with adjacent spaces providing sales, etc. There should be space for safe drop-offs complementary uses such as gardens, water features and accessible parking for those who cannot walk to and/or shade structures. the park.

CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 39 3.1.4 Urban Greenway is formally planned, yet flexible to serve informal break while enjoying a contemplative environment with gatherings, lunchtime relaxation, or small special pedestrians strolling by. They can provide seating, This is a linear park that provides trails or wide event gatherings. A major lawn area, shaded seating areas to eat, and small play areas or game areas. This landscaped walkways and bikeways that may include and pathways are typical facilities, with additional park type will serve residents, workers and visitors from other recreational and natural amenities such as play areas, skating and/or community gardens also the nearby blocks. playgrounds, seating and other furnishings, fitness encouraged. stations and large trees. This type should specifically Research has suggested that smaller breaks during link to other green spaces, trails, natural systems, 3.1.6 Urban Recreational the work schedule increases productivity and walkways, and bikeways, with extra space for vegetative Parklet health, especially mental health. Due to its small ground cover and trees. Amenities may occur along scale, the space should be highly visible from the road rights-of-way or “paper” streets. These park types serve residents and workers from the street, and connect to the public space network and immediate neighborhood and are designed for active include access to sunlight, important view corridors, COMMUNITY USE recreation. Typical facilities include sport courts, connection to the network of public spaces, and skating areas, and may include lawns, playgrounds or protection from the wind, traffic and noise. Many of the County’s developed Community Use Urban similar neighborhood recreation facilities. Parks are in the down-County with concentrations in 3.1.8 Temporary/Interim Park the Bethesda and Silver Spring areas. They serve an 3.1.7 Pocket Green important role as gathering places for the community Parks and public spaces sometimes take a long and accomodate activities such as concerts and Also typically referred to as Pocket Park, the Pocket time to be constructed due to the significant amount performances, celebrations, fairs, and outdoor places Green will play an important role in the formation of of investment and resources required. Temporary/ for area employees to have lunch. These parks may a public space network through higher density areas. Interim Parks can be implemented faster and at a be programmed for more localized events and parking These smaller park types will allow for “pauses” in a lower cost as a temporary commitment to respond should not be provided on park property. landscaped setting along the route between major and to the community’s current needs. Owners and/ larger open spaces within the network. or county staff can use these temporary facilities to 3.1.5 Neighborhood Green collect information on the potential programming and Pocket Greens are particularly important in areas where functions that might occur in a future permanent park Neighborhood Greens serve residents and workers commercial activities are taking place. They are highly or public space. The term temporary is used for spaces from the surrounding neighborhood. This park type visible and allow workers to take a lunch or coffee that are not currently planned for parks or public space,

40 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES but can accommodate the function for a certain period Unless stated, there is no hierarchy to these elements, of time. The term interim is used for spaces that will and compliance with the guidelines does not guarantee become a park or public space in the future, but likely approval from staff or the Planning Board. Design cannot be implemented in the short-term. proposals will be evaluated based on a combination of factors, including these guidelines. The Planning Board Urban Park Matrix may suggest and approve alternative design approaches Table 3.1 consolidates the main unique elements of that deliver truly exceptional solutions. each urban park type, side-by-side to better understand the different roles that each urban park plays within the network of public and privately-owned public spaces.

White Flint Placemaking Festival, Montgomery County, MD. Community-led event at the Randolph Hills Shopping Center parking lot turned into a buzzing hub of activities. Events included: music by local performers, food booths by vendors and restaurants from the area, lots of games and recreational activities for young and old, and even s’mores made over the fire pits.This community-led event was organized by M-NCPPC together with the Better Block Foundation. The sector plan identifies a park within this site if redevelopment occurs. Source: M-NCPPC.

CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 41 CIVIC GREEN PLAZA URBAN GREENWAY URBAN RECREATIONAL PARK URBAN RECREATIONAL PARKLET NEIGHBORHOOD GREEN POCKET GREEN TEMPORARY/ INTERIM PARK

COMMUNITY GATHERING PLACE NETWORK CONNECTOR COMMUNITY GATHERING OPEN SPACE REGIONAL DESTINATION FOCUS ON ACTIVE PLAY REGIONAL PLACE FOCUS ON ACTIVE PLAY EXPERIMENTAL PLACE REGIONAL DESTINATION PLACE FOR PAUSE REGIONAL DESTINATION SERVES SECTOR PLAN AREAS IN HIGH PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC DESTINATION LOCAL DESTINATION NEIGHBORHOOD GATHERING PLACE REGIONAL & LOCAL DESTINATION FUNCTION/ SERVES SECTOR PLAN AREAS LOCAL DESTINATION SERVES SECTOR PLAN AREAS ZONES SERVES SECTOR PLAN AREAS ACCOMMODATES SERVES NEIGHBORHOOD/DISTRICT LOCAL DESTINATION ASSOCIATED TO THE FUNCTION OF ONE OF OPEN SPACES NETWORK CONNECTOR: LINEAR AND SERVES NEIGHBORHOOD/DISTRICT SERVICE AREA ACCOMMODATES LOCAL DAILY USES ACCOMMODATES LOCAL DAILY USES LOCAL DAILY USES ACCOMMODATES LARGER CONNECTED TO PUBLIC SPACES NETWORK SERVES NEIGHBORHOOD/DISTRICT THE URBAN PARK TYPES DEFINED IN CONTINUOUS PARKS AND OPEN SPACES CONNECTED TO PUBLIC SPACES NETWORK GROUP RECREATION (TEAM SPORTS) COLLABORATION WITH THE COMMUNITY ACCOMMODATES LOCAL DAILY USES

MIX OF SOCIAL GATHERING, ACTIVE CONTEMPLATIVE AREAS SUPPORTED BY SOCIAL FOCUS ON SOCIAL GATHERING RECREATION & CONTEMPLATIVE AREAS GATHERING AND ACTIVE RECREATION IN FLEXIBLE PROGRAM ACTIVE PROGRAMMING AND EXPOSURE TO NATURE PRIMARILY RECREATIONAL PROGRAM FOCUSED ON ACTIVE RECREATION FLEXIBLE PROGRAM SMALLER SCALE FLEXIBLE PROGRAM VARIES INFORMAL GATHERING ALONG WIDE LANDSCAPED WALKWAYS AND SUPPORTED BY CONTEMPLATIVE SETTING AND SOCIAL GATHERING SPACES MAIN PROGRAM INFORMAL GATHERING PLACES FOR QUIET CONTEMPLATION FLEXIBLE PROGRAM BASED ON SELECTED PLACES FOR QUIET CONTEMPLATION BIKEWAYS, COMMUTING, RECREATIONAL TRAVEL ACTIVITIES TO ACCOMMODATE ALL AGE GROUPS PLACES FOR QUIET CONTEMPLATION UNSTRUCTURED RECREATION URBAN PARK TYPE UNSTRUCTURED RECREATION (BIKING, WALKING, JOGGING, ETC.) UNSTRUCTURED RECREATION CONTACT WITH NATURE LARGE COMMUNITY GATHERINGS LOCAL COMMUNITY GATHERINGS

LARGE CENTRAL LAWN AS FOCAL POINT LARGE CENTRAL HARDSCAPE AS FOCAL POINT PLAYING COURTS AND FIELDS ABUNDANCE OF SEATING OPTIONS (SUNNY AND SHADED ABUNDANCE OF SEATING OPTIONS (SUNNY AND SHADED TRAILS WITH WALKWAYS AND BIKEWAYS LAWN AREA SURROUNDED BY MIX OF HARDSCAPE AND GRASSY OPEN SPACES SUNLIT SMALL GATHERING AREAS WITH A MIX PILOT ACTIVITIES FOR FUTURE PARK/PUBLIC OPTIONS) OPTIONS) LINED BY VEGETATIVE GROUND COVER AND TREES COMPLEMENTARY USES MIX OF RESERVED AND UNRESERVED RECREATION SPACES OF SHADED AND SUNNY SEATING SPACE KEY FEATURES PUBLIC ART: EXPLORE INTERACTIVE INSTALLATIONS PUBLIC ART: EXPLORE INTERACTIVE INSTALLATIONS WITH GOOD WAYFINDING SIGNAGE WITH CLEAR ENTRIES SHADED SEATING AND SUNNY AREAS CONSIDER CENTRAL LAWN AS THE FOCAL POINT WITH SUNNY AND SHADED AREAS AND SMALL SCALE GREEN AREAS ACTIVITIES/STRUCTURES= INCLUSIVE AND WITH EDUCATION COMPONENT EDUCATION COMPONENT TO TRAILHEADS FLEXIBLE PLAY AREAS SURROUNDED BY ACTIVATING USES SMALL PLAY AREAS EASY TO PARTICIPATE VISITOR AMENITIES VISITOR AMENITIES CONSIDER PUBLIC ART MULTI-FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES, INCLUDING PARK FURNITURE

KEY DESIGN ELEMENTS CONNECTOR TO OTHER PUBLIC SPACES AND AT THE CENTER OF MIXED USE AREAS NATURAL AREAS CLEAR DELINEATION BETWEEN THE PUBLIC SPACE AND ADJACENT PRIVATE REALM MAY FOLLOW NATURAL RESOURCES & CENTER OF HIGH RESIDENTIAL USE WITHIN WALKING DISTANCE OF HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL AREAS MAXIMIZE BUILDING ENTRANCES AND WINDOWS FACING ONTO THE PARK: STOREFRONTS, MULTIPLE RECREATIONAL AREAS ALONG ROAD ROWS ENOUGH PLACEMENT FACING ADJACENT COMMUNITY- MAXIMIZE SUN EXPOSURE IN LOCATIONS IN- VARIES PLACEMENT FACING ADJACENT COMMUNITY-ORIENTED USES: RECREATION CENTERS, TOWNHOUSE OR APARTMENT STOOPS AND PORCHES, PRIMARY BUILDING ENTRANCES SETBACK FROM BUILDINGS TO PRESERVE ORIENTED USES: RECREATION CENTERS, BETWEEN TALL BUILDINGS BASED ON SELECTED URBAN PARK TYPE SITE PLACEMENT LIBRARIES, ETC. SEAMLESS TRANSITION BETWEEN THE PARK AND THE STREET SIDEWALK SURROUNDED BY CONTINUITY OF PATH/TRAIL AS PUBLIC ACCESSIBLE LIBRARIES, ETC. PROVIDE CONNECTIVITY TO OTHER PUBLIC PROVIDE ADA ACCESS BUILDING ENTRANCES FACING THE PARK - VISUALLY AND PHYSICALLY ACCESSIBLE MINIMUM OF TWO STREETS, IDEALLY FOUR STREETS SURROUNDED BY ACTIVATING USES SPACE BUILDING ENTRANCES FACING THE PARK - SPACES AND TRANSIT SHOULD BE PLACED IN A VISIBLE LOCATION FOR PARKLET: FACE MAJOR SIDEWALK ALONGSIDE STOREFRONTS SHOULD NOT BE LOCATED BEHIND USES TRAIL ENTRANCES SHOULD BE VISIBLE AND VISUALLY AND PHYSICALLY ACCESSIBLE MUST NEVER BE LOCATED IN RESIDUAL/SURPLUS/LEFT-OVER SPACE ACCESSIBLE

WIDTH = MINIMUM 10-FT TRAIL PLUS BUFFER VEGETATION (AASHTO) ½ ACRE MINIMUM; 1 ½ ACRE IDEAL VARIES VARIES SIZE ½ ACRE MINIMUM; 1 ACRE IDEAL ENOUGH SETBACK FROM BUILDINGS TO PRESERVE 1/10 ACRE MINIMUM 1/4 ACRE MINIMUM 1/10 - 1/4 ACRE AVERAGE SIZE BASED ON COMMUNITY SERVED BASED ON AVAILABLE LAND CONTINUITY OF PATH/TRAIL AS A LINEAR PUBLIC SPACE

Table 3.1 - Urban Parks Types Matrix: Comparison on Key Design Elements

42 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES CIVIC GREEN PLAZA URBAN GREENWAY URBAN RECREATIONAL PARK URBAN RECREATIONAL PARKLET NEIGHBORHOOD GREEN POCKET GREEN TEMPORARY/ INTERIM PARK

CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 43 3.1.1 Civic Green

Crown Park, Gaithersburg, MD. Source: smarturbanliving.com Centrally located common green within active, mixed-use community. The public space is framed by two streets, mixed-use buildings, retail stores and townhomes, all facing towards the green space. Restaurants offer outdoor seating integrated with the public realm and community- focused events, festivals and public markets. Size: 0.68 acres; lawn area:~0.23 acres.

FUNCTION/SERVICE AREA KEY FEATURES • Seamless transitions between the park and the street • Community gathering open space • Large central lawn as focal point with sunny & shaded sidewalk • Regional destination areas & seating • Surrounded by minimum of two streets, ideally four • Serves sector plan areas • Abundance of seating options (sunny and shaded streets • Accommodates local daily uses options) • Surrounded by activating uses • Public art: explore interactive installations with • Should not be located behind uses MAIN PROGRAM education component • Must never be located in residual/surplus/left-over • Focus on social gathering • Visitor amenities space • Flexible program SIZE • Informal gathering SITE PLACEMENT • Places for quiet contemplation • Clear delineation between the public space and • ½ acre minimum; 1 ½ acres ideal • Unstructured recreation adjacent private realm • Large community gatherings • Maximize building entrances and windows facing onto • Can also accommodate places for quiet contemplation the park: storefronts, multiple townhouse or apartment stoops and porches, primary building entrances

44 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES Schenley Plaza, Pittsburgh, PA. Source: Sasaki Former parking lot transformed into a gateway and green heart of the city. Key features: central lawn area surrounded by institutional buildings facing the space and streets on four sides. The introduction of food kiosks and a restaurant makes the space a destination even without a major event. The seasonal shade structure and trees along major circulation routes provide shade for those who want to escape the sunny areas. The adjacent bosque area in front of one of the institutional buildings offers a great extension of shaded area to the place. Road closure for special events like the one shown in this picture, integrates the plaza with its neighboring public spaces. The presence of smaller courtyards and formal gardens along the main street helps the transition from busy traffic to an inviting green lawn and provides a buffer during events. Size: 3.4 acres; lawn area:~1.0 acre

Bryant Park, New York. Source: Bryant Park Corporation, Wikipedia Right: Southwest Terrace Cafe - food kiosks make Bryant Park a daily destination for workers while also serving visitors during major holidays and the vacation season. Further right: The Lawn - this central open space offers a variety of uses from people watching to group conversations to major events such as movie nights and concerts. Movable seating provides flexibility to accommodate different types of gatherings. Size: ~5.6 acres; lawn area: ~ 1.0 acre.

CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 45 3.1.2 Plaza

Union Square, San Francisco. Source: resaconvention.com Left: Main plaza overview with large central hardscape as focal point & surrounded by activating uses: hotel, commercial and retail buildings facing the space. In addition, the plaza paving eases congestion on sidewalks from surrounding commercial uses, transit stops and parking garage located at the plaza. Center: edge of the plaza faces storefronts across the streets and offer seating options for pausing and people watching. Right: flexible central hardscape offers opportunities for large community events such as movie nights. Size: 2.6 acres.

FUNCTION/ SERVICE AREA: KEY FEATURES • Surrounded by minimum of two streets, ideally four • Community gathering place • Large central hardscape as focal point streets • Regional destination • Abundance of seating options (sunny and shaded • Surrounded by activating uses • Serves sector plan areas in high pedestrian traffic zones options) • Should not be located behind uses • Accommodates local daily uses • Public art: explore interactive installations with • Must never be located in residual/surplus/left-over education component space MAIN PROGRAM: • Visitor amenities • Focus on social gathering SIZE • Flexible program SITE PLACEMENT • ½ acre minimum; 1 acre ideal • Informal gathering • Clear delineation between the public space and • Places for quiet contemplation adjacent private realm • Unstructured recreation • Maximize building entrances and windows facing onto • Large community gatherings the park: storefronts, multiple townhouse or apartment stoops and porches, primary building entrances • Seamless between the park and the street sidewalk

46 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES Sundance Square Plaza, Fort Worth, TX. Source: sundancesquare.com; www.pps.org, landscapeperformance.org Left: This plaza is framed by two streets (3rd and 4th streets) with Main St. visually passing through its center. The unified hardscape pavement features a pavilion at one end and a dynamic, interactive spray fountain and permanent stage at the other. Public art installations create a spectacular display both day and night. The umbrellas offer shade in the summer. Center: To accommodate a variety of uses, the interactive fountains can be deactivated so the plaza can be used for other activities such as yoga, outdoor movies, seasonal festivals, or a weekend farmer’s market. Right: before picture - former parking lot. Size: 1.26 acres

Veterans Plaza, Silver Spring, MD. Source: Silver Spring Civic Building Left: the large open hardscape and covered structure offer flexibility to host events such as Jazz festivals. The Civic Building structure and facade are designed to accommodate a temporary stage and related infrastructure. Center: on regular days, the plaza lighting, its permanent seating and adjacent commercial uses invite the community to use the space during the night. Right: an Ice-rink brings a seasonal use for the covered area. Solar panels on top of the Civic Center Building provide energy for the ice rink chillers.

CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 47 3.1.3 Urban Greenway

Swamp Rabbit Trail, Greenville, SC. Source: 10best.com. (left), visitgreenvillesc.com (middle), spicysouthernkitchen.com (right). Left: The trail is integrated into the existing urban fabric, creating an amenity for residents and providing commuters with an alternative way to get to and from work. Middle and Right: The trail brings users through a variety of natural and urban settings, even creating opportunities for views of nature within urban settings. Additionally, the trail’s alignment connects several urban areas and educational campuses to one another, providing alternative commuting opportunities and fostering development partnerships where none previously existed. Length: 20 miles point-to-point

FUNCTION/ SERVICE AREA: KEY FEATURES SIZE • Network connector • Trails with walkways and bikeways • Width = minimum 10-ft trail plus buffer vegetation • Regional destination • Lined by vegetative ground cover and trees (AASHTO) • Serves sector plan areas • Good wayfinding signage with clear entries to trailheads • Enough setback from buildings to preserve continuity of • Open spaces network connector: linear and continuous path/trail as a linear public space parks and open spaces SITE PLACEMENT • Buffer vegetation • Accommodates local daily uses • Connector to other public spaces and natural areas • May follow natural resources & recreational areas along MAIN PROGRAM road R.O.W.s • Active programming and exposure to nature along • Enough setback from buildings to preserve continuity of wide landscaped walkways and bikeways, commuting, path/trail as public accessible space recreational travel (biking, walking, jogging, etc.) • Trail entrances should be visible and accessible

48 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES Crescent Park Trail, New Orleans, LA. Source: Hargreaves Associates (left), Hargreaves Associates (middle), moveyabrass.com (right). Left: The conversion of this disused railroad into a park opened expansive views of the Mississippi River and New Orleans skyline. Middle: Furnishings recall the site’s former industrial and shipping uses and provide individual contemplative areas throughout the park. Right: Former warehouse spaces along the linear park were restored and converted into event spaces that open up to views of the river and skyline. Size: 1.4 miles point-to-point, 20 acres

Thornton Creek Water Quality Channel, Seattle, WA. Source: Walsh Construction Co. (left), M-NCPPC (top-middle), SvR (top-right) Left: The design and grading of this narrow site addresses significant topographic changes between the channel and street. Overlooks and bridges allow pedestrians to enjoy the channel habitat and wildlife. Middle: Sculptures serve as markers for the public entry to the water channel. Right: Bridges, trails and walkways provide connections through this large block, as well as spaces to stroll, bike and skate. Size: 2.7 acres

CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 49 3.1.4 Urban Recreational Park

Joe DiMaggio North Beach Playground, San Francisco, CA. Source: San Francisco Public Works (left), baumanland.com (top-middle), baumanland.com (top-right). Left: The park’s interior is visible from surrounding streets with adjacent public transit opportunities easily accessible. Perimeter fencing provides site security while visitors are directed to clearly marked entrances. Top Middle: Open court areas provide opportunities for a variety of recreation types and flexibility in use. Top Right: Site topography is used as an opportunity for amenities. Size: 2.5 acres

FUNCTION/ SERVICE AREA: KEY FEATURES SIZE • Focus on active play • Playing courts and fields • Varies - based on community served • Regional destination • Mix of hardscape and grassy open spaces • Serves sector plan areas • Mix of reserved and unreserved recreation spaces • Accommodates local daily uses • Consider central lawn as the focal point with sunny and • Accommodates larger group recreation (team sports) shaded areas and surrounded by activating uses • Multi-functional structures, including park furniture MAIN PROGRAM • Primarily recreational program focused on active SITE PLACEMENT recreation • Placement facing adjacent community-oriented uses: • Supported by contemplative setting and social recreation centers, libraries, etc. gathering spaces • Building entrances facing the park - visually and • Activities to accommodate all age groups physically accessible

50 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES Soma West Dog Park and Skate Park, San Francisco, CA. Source: wescover.com (left), San Francisco Department of Public Works (top-middle), yelp.com (top-right). Left: The skate park was built on a former surface parking lot beneath US-101, activating an otherwise neglected space. Top Middle: The dog park utilizes adjacent building walls and guardrails to create part of its enclosure. Artificial turf is a low-maintenance surfacing solution for a dog park. Top Right: Site lighting allows for safe night time use. Size: 1 acre

Underpass Park, Toronto, Canada. Source: asla.org (left), asla.org/Tom Arban (top-middle), asla. org/Tom Arban (top-right). Left: The park knits together surrounding neighborhoods making the underpass a connector and not a barrier. Top Middle: Underutilized space converts to valuable recreation areas where land is limited. Top Right: Children’s play structures serve as both functional equipment and sculptural objects in the park. Plants were selected for their ability to withstand harsh urban conditions while providing a layer of fine texture and ephemerality to the site. Size: 2.5 acres

CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 51 3.1.5 Neighborhood Green Lakelands Clubhouse Park, Lakelands, MD. Source: M-NCPPC Left: Large lawn area with flexible uses central to the community. The park is surrounded by townhomes on three sides and a clubhouse building. Size:1 acre; lawn area:~1/4 acre

FUNCTION/ SERVICE AREA: KEY FEATURES SIZE • Neighborhood gathering place • Lawn area surrounded by complementary uses • 1/4 acre minimum • Local destination • Shaded seating and sunny areas • Serves neighborhood/district • Flexible play areas • Consider public art MAIN PROGRAM: • Mix of social gathering, active recreation & SITE PLACEMENT contemplative areas • Placement facing adjacent community-oriented uses: • Flexible program recreation centers, libraries, etc. • Informal gathering • Building entrances facing the park - visually and • Places for quiet contemplation physically accessible • Unstructured recreation • Local community gatherings

52 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES Teardrop Park, New York, NY. Source: Michael van Valkenburgh, Inc. Left: Central lawn provides a space for small community gatherings. Top Middle: Nature play opportunities for children. Top Right: Public art appears to be a rock wall in summer, but creates an ice sculpture in winter. Size: 2 acres

Canal Park, Washington D.C. Source: Olin (left), Capitol Riverfront (top-middle), Olin (top-right). Left: A movie in the park is one of many seasonal events to activate the park. Top Middle: Grassy areas provide space for informal play and relaxation. Top Right: Shaded benches create comfortable spaces for rest and contemplation.Size: 3 acres

CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 53 3.1.6 Pocket Green John F. Collins Park, Philadelphia, PA. Source: centercityphila.org & www.phillymag.com Left: This privately-owned public space is a mid-block pocket park in the heart of Center City inspired by the design of Paley Park in NYC. The cascade fountain is the focal point of this linear park framed by vine-covered walls with mature, native shade trees dispersed throught the space. The enclosed nature of the space allows it to be reserved for private events such as weddings or wine tastings. Right: This park is a popular lunch and meeting spot. In the winter, the colorful movable chairs and tables make the space more inviting and attractive. This park is located near bus and transit stops. Size: 0.09 acres

FUNCTION/ SERVICE AREA: KEY FEATURES SIZE • Place for pause • Sunlit small gathering areas with a mix of shaded and • 1/10 - 1/4 acre average size • Local destination sunny seating • Serves neighborhood/district • Small scale green areas • Connected to public spaces network • Small play areas MAIN PROGRAM: SITE PLACEMENT • Contemplative areas supported by social gathering and • Maximize sun exposure in locations in-between tall active recreation in smaller scale buildings • Flexible program • Provide connectivity to other public spaces and transit Places for quiet contemplation • Unstructured recreation • Contact with nature

54 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES Paley Park, New York, NY. Source: M-NCPPC. Left: One of the most well-known and successful pocket parks, this space is an inviting mid- block privately-owned public space framed by walls on three sides with a gate and a food kiosk at the front. Two of the walls are covered with vine and the third features a 20-ft tall backlit waterfall. The sculptural waterfall creates a visual focal point and helps insulate the space from the traffic and street noises. The tree canopy offers a balance of shade and light to this peaceful oasis in the dense environment of Midtown Manhattan - making a very popular lunch spot for the busy New Yorkers. This park is located adjacent to a subway station and bus stops. Size: 1/10 acre

685 Third Avenue Pocket Park, Manhattan, NY. Source: Gensler.com Pocket park with food and beverage offering. This Park features a 30-foot living wall and a water wall that echoes New York City’s renowned Paley Park; wood and concrete paver decking; infinity pools; seasonal trees and a bistro. Movable seating allows users to interact with the space. An underutilized entrance turned into a unique asset for the building owner and a vibrant place for the public in the heart of Manhattan.

Size: ~1/10 acre

CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 55 3.1.7 Urban Recreational Parklet 76th Street Park, Los Angeles, CA. Source: www.laparks.org; City Parks Alliance Left: This park achieves better access to open space and fitness facilities within a densely populated and park-poor setting. The site was a previous foreclosed property. The park includes a playground and outdoor fitness equipment. Size: ~1/8 acres

FUNCTION/ SERVICE AREA: KEY FEATURES SIZE • Place focus on active play • Playing courts and fields • 1/10 acre minimum • Local destination • Mix of hardscape and grassy open spaces • Serves neighborhood/district • Mix of reserved and unreserved recreation spaces • Connected to public spaces network • Consider central lawn as the focal point with sunny and • Accommodates smaller groups/ individual recreation shaded areas and surrounded by activating uses • Multi-functional structures, including park furniture MAIN PROGRAM • Primarily recreational program focused on active SITE PLACEMENT recreation • Placement facing adjacent community-oriented uses: • Supported by contemplative setting and social recreation centers, libraries, etc. gathering spaces • Building entrances facing the park - visually and • Activities to accommodate all age groups physically accessible • Face major sidewalk alongside storefronts

56 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES Climbmax Climbing Center, Asheville, NC. Source: Google Street View, & Climbmaxnc. com Left and above: An outdoor climbing wall like this could allow both activation and recreation opportunities in the public spaces adjacent to the business.

Ping Pong Table and Half-Basketball Court Source: M-NCPPC; sportcourt. squarehook.com Left: A ping pong table feature at the Market Square Park, Pittsburgh, PA. Above: Backyard half basketball court design. Features such as a ping pong table and backyard half-basketball court could create opportunities for active recreation within the constrained available space in parklets.

CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 57 3.1.8 Temporary/ Interim Park

Wunder Garten, Washington, D.C. Source: wundergartendc.com Temporary Park - use of current vacant lots that will be developed in a later phase - visible location at the heart of NOMA neighborhood and one block away from the NOMA Gallaudet University Metro Station. When the site is ultimately developed, the current uses and program will shift to an adjacent plaza constructed concurrently with the building. Program: Year-round beer garden with movable seating, picnic tables, yard games, restrooms, and food and drink sales - family and dog friendly place. As a model for an urban park, Wunder Garten operates in conjunction with partners to furnish, maintain and program the space. Size: 1 acre

FUNCTION/ SERVICE AREA: SITE PLACEMENT ADDITIONAL INFORMATION • Experimental place • Based on selected urban park type • Great venue to create and/or consolidate partnerships • Regional & local destination • Provide ADA access with adjacent business and non-profit organizations to • Associated to the function of one of the urban park • Should be placed in a visible location engage with the community in creative ways to deliver types places for social gathering, active and contemplative • Defined in collaboration with the community SIZE recreation while building a sense of community and • Varies belonging. MAIN PROGRAM: • Based on available land • Varies • Flexible program based on selected urban park type

KEY FEATURES • Pilot activities for future park/public space • Activities/structures= inclusive and easy to participate

58 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES Quicken Loans Sport Zone, Cadillac Square- Detroit. Urban Flower Field, St.Paul. Source: City of St.Paul The Porch at 30th Street Station, Philadelphia, PA Source: jessekassel.com Interim Park - location of future Pedro Park in downtown Souce: universitycity.org Temporary Park - basketball and volleyball courts are St.Paul. This project combined art and science by installing Interim Park - the site was once a congested parking temporarily built along streets adjacent to Cadillac Square in 96 flower pots containing wildflowers planted in various types lane and barren sidewalk. As an interim park, it tested downtown Detroit during the summer. Hosted by Downtown of urban soils (monitoring the performance of the plants in experiments throughout the first few years of use to see Detroit Partnership, it involves local artists, non-profits, and taking up heavy metals), and a mural echoing the pattern of what would and wouldn’t work for the space, hosting an private sponsors. Expansion of active recreation into areas the flower pots. This combination creates a community focal array of programming from yoga classes to flea markets to that lack that type of recreation. Temporary seating furniture point where learning and events establish this location as a food trucks. Temporary and movable furnishings, including and basketball/volleyball courts transform this space and social gathering place for the future park. Movable furniture different tiered platforms with decking, turf, planters, offer the community of residents and workers a way to allows flexibility in events layout: movie nights, concerts and chairs and swings help to create unique, individual spaces interact with each other in a central location. Near established other community gatherings. Size: 0.5 acres throughout the Porch. A permanent plaza design with retail and commercial uses also benefit from the extra hours elevated planters, integrated skylights, a panoramic pavilion, of additional activities during the night. and food truck areas is under development for the site. Size: 0.68 acres

CHAPTER 3 - URBAN PARK TYPES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 59 Illustration by Atul Sharma APPENDICES

DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 A1 App.1 Case Studies by Park Types

The upcoming (in-progress) online library will house several case studies illustrating the urban parks types.

URBAN GREENWAY URBAN CIVIC GREEN PLAZA RECREATIONAL PARK

NEIGHBORHOOD POCKET URBAN TEMPORARY/ GREEN GREEN RECREATIONAL INTERIM PARK PARKLET

A2 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 APPENDICES App.2 Public Spaces System and Hierarchy

App 2.1 System should support a vibrant and sustainable urban center • Public accessibility - where anyone can gather or by including open spaces that will be comfortable, sit or talk The 2017 PROS Plan recommended that for each attractive, easily accessible, safe, and provide a • Educational experiences - programs to learn urban area, a unique open space system should be range of experiences, up to and including festival and from natural or cultural/historic resources planned to serve the projected demographics of outdoor event spaces. Those open spaces that rise to • Walkability - every residence should have a park residents, workers, and visitors. The urban design the level of serving as a focal point of community life or open space within 1/2 mile. Major roads can be vision developed during the master plan or sector for the planning area are typically recommended to be barriers that add to the walking time and must be plan process for the area will help guide the amount, publicly owned and managed parks, while those open calculated into the minimum distance formula pattern, location, siting, and design of open spaces. spaces serving a smaller district, neighborhood, or • Connectivity - walking and biking systems to link block are often recommended as public use spaces The type and pattern of parks and open spaces best all proposed urban open spaces, and to provide owned or managed by the private sector. suited to urban populations is different from the pleasant walking routes from residences and suburban model of large tracts of land filled with fixed, The 2017 PROS Plan recommended that every urban businesses to open space destinations throughout single-use facilities. The 2017 PROS Plan recognized area should have a system of parks and open spaces the planning area, and to connect to regional trail that urban areas change the way in which we provide, that include the following attributes: and bikeway systems build, and manage park and recreation resources in • Active recreation - places to exercise outdoors, • Flexibility - space that can be used for a variety those areas. There are distinct challenges, such as alone or in groups of spontaneous activities and gatherings, and to the potential to provide park and recreation resources • Social interaction - comfortable seating respond to the changing needs of urban populations in different ways and create different opportunities areas, large public spaces for formal or informal • Activating Uses –nearby shops, restaurants, to incorporate those resources as urbanizing areas gathering, community gardens and residences, attractions, entertainment, as well redevelop. The 2017 PROS Plan recommended a • Access to green space - ample areas of grass, as places within the park for relaxation, getting system of parks and open spaces at the core of every trees, and other landscaping work done (Wi-Fi), spontaneous play, education, urban area, provided through a combination of public recreation, etc. and private efforts. The new open space system • Relaxation and stress relief - areas away from traffic and urban noise

A3 App 2.2 Park Types Hierarchy

The 2017 PROS Plan recommends that each area master/sector plan include a system of public spaces based on the different roles of each type of space. The amount and size of open spaces may vary from plan to plan but should be directly proportional to the projected density. Each park and public space should respond to the character of existing public spaces and other neighborhood needs. The following hierarchy should be applied to the Energized Public Spaces Plan Study Area: Within the Sector Plan: • Social gathering spaces • Active recreation destinations • Contemplative places • An interconnected network of sidewalks, trails, parks and public spaces • Civic Green, Plaza, Urban Greenway, Urban Recreational Park

Within Neighborhoods: • Neighborhood Parks or Neighborhood Greens

Within Blocks: • Pocket Greens, or Urban Recreational Parklets

For Buildings and Residences • Private or communal outdoor spaces

Figure App.1 illustrates a hierarchy for parks and public spaces from the approved Greater Lyttonsville Sector Plan. Figure App.1 - Park Hierarchy example - Lyttonsville Sector Plan

A4 DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 APPENDICES App 2.3 Public Space Site Selection

The public spaces site selection guidelines will be applied in the absence of a sector plan, or the existence of an older sector plan which did not designate public spaces locations. Coordination with the M-NCPPC Planning and Parks Departments will be required. These guidelines are just the initial reference for the process.

Site Selection Guidelines • Central Location/Focal Point: Place public spaces in central and/or strategic locations to the community and/or neighborhood terminating a vista, on axis to a primary building, street, trail, and/or on a prominent corner. • Mixed Use: Provide complementary and mixed land uses surrounding the central public space to make it a destination. Concentrating the location of complementary land uses encourages walking, increases opportunities for human interaction, and encourages synergy and livability of the public realm. • Minimize Development in Greenfields: Locate projects within developed areas, if possible, where infrastructure already is in place. • Enclosure: Public spaces should be framed and linked to open spaces and primary street networks and must be lined on two sides or more by a public street. Union Square, SF - centrally located plaza surrounded by shopping, hotels and theater district. The public plaza provides underground parking and it is located near public transit capturing workers, residents in nearby areas and tourists with its Ideally, public spaces in urban areas are best located several events throughout the year. The ice rink and holiday market are examples of seasonal events hosted by both commercial surrounded on four sides by streets, street trees and and nonprofit entities. Source: unionsquareicerink.com sidewalks with high intensity uses and at least one public building facing onto the park.

APPENDICES DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER 2018 A5 Designing Public Spaces Energized Public Spaces Design Guidelines

Working Draft December 2018

THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PARKS THE MARYLAND-NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION