DOCSLIB.ORG

Denver Broncos Pin Their Future on Steel

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Denver Broncos Pin Their Future on Steel metal-panel cladding around the rim of the upper deck. The facade of the Denver Broncos building is wrapped in a sinuous lat- ticework of aluminum, glass and metal panel curtain wall. The new stadium is also unique in Pin Their that the seating treads and risers con- sist of 3/16” thick bent steel plate. Two factors led the designers to choose bent steel plates in lieu of the Future on Steel usual L-shaped precast concrete sec- tions. First, the entire east sideline of the existing Mile High Stadium uses By Dennis R. Tow, P.E., steel treads and risers in order to Michael S. Fletcher, P.E., S.E., save weight in the world’s largest and Lanson B. Nichols movable-seating structure. The east- ern section (all three tiers of seating) can retract 145’ to make room for a left field during baseball season. Secondly, in the geometrical layout of the new stadium each column grid line skews relative to the adjacent column grid lines. In most modern stadiums, the sideline and end zone seating sections are linear, with either a 90-degree segmented curve through the corner, or a linear cor- ner turned on a 45-degree chamfer. HNTB and Walter P. Moore defined the grid system of the new stadium as a doubly symmetric 48-sided polygon based on broad-radius arcs at the sidelines and end zones with tighter arcs through the corners. The con- tinually curving seating rows created by this grid system provide better sightlines and field proximity for sta- dium patrons and generate the appearance of a smoothly curved seating bowl. As a result of this design feature, each successive row of seats is slightly longer than the previous row throughout the stadi- n November 1998, in the afterglow HNTB Design/Build Inc. and Turner um. This would have substantially of back-to-back NFL World Construction Company. increased the number of different IChampionships won by their precast riser members required and Designed by HNTB Sports beloved Broncos, taxpayers in decreased the economic viability of Architects, in association with Denver and six surrounding counties precast. Therefore, steel risers Fentress Bradburn Architects Ltd. voted to replace the famous Mile became an excellent and affordable and Bertram A. Bruton and High Stadium. Slated to open in time alternative. Associates, and with structural engi- for the 2001 NFL season, the new neering by Walter P. Moore, the new With over 12 acres of exposed $364 million, 76,125 seat stadium is stadium exhibits a sleek modern steel plate in three seating bowls, a design/build project headed by facility, full of weeping curves, maintenance of the structure was a exposed HSS structural steel and major factor in design. The solution View of typical pinned connection for HSS columns at upper View of same typical pinned connection, as built (existing bowl (rendering generated from 3D CAD model). Mile High Stadium is in the background). leaves the top surface of the plates riser section with a second bend cre- simulated fans rhythmically jumping unpainted. Extensive testing and ating the heel of the tread. The front in the stands and was represented by metallurgical analysis of the existing of each tread bears directly on the 2” a 30-psf live load under harmonic stadium indicated that the steel return of the section below, and a excitation with a frequency of 3 Hz treads were killed A36 material. Also, 3/16” continuous fillet weld seals the and a dynamic load factor of 25%. due to Denver’s naturally dry cli- sections together. An automated The second mode simulated fans mate, the only corrosion problems in welding machine that runs around stamping their feet by increasing the the treads at the old stadium exist at the nosing of each tread makes fillet frequency to 5½ Hz and decreasing locations where water became welds, allowing for a total weld the dynamic load factor to 5%. trapped on top of the plate by poor length of over 17 miles. Rather than setting a minimum drainage or badly adhered traffic A subframing system of rolled fundamental frequency of vibration coating. wideflange sections supports the riser for all members to satisfy, each mem- Based on this information, the plates. Vertical L3×3 stubs on ber, analyzed individually, allowed riser plates of the new stadium con- stringers spaced at distances of up to consideration of the individual loads sist of killed A36 steel, and each 16’ support each tread. The stringers and stiffness. Limitation of the effec- tread was detailed with a 1/2” per span along the slope of the bowl tive peak acceleration was chosen as tread drainage slope. Defining the between girders, which in turn span the design criteria. The effective slope per tread instead of per foot between rakers on the column grid peak accelerations in the stringers helped in keeping these consistent lines. Precast concrete makes up the were limited to 5% of the gravita- and made the detailer’s job a little rakers at the lower bowl, while the tional acceleration (5% g) for both easier. Furthermore, all proposed middle and upper bowl rakers are jumping and stamping. The effective traffic coatings are being tested in the steel. Stringer sizes vary from peak accelerations in the girders field. To provide a watertight system, W14×22 to W30×124, and girder were limited to 7% g for jumping. penetrations through the riser plates sizes vary from W24×55 to The effective peak acceleration in were minimized, all welds are contin- W36×280. the girders due to stamping was not uous and a secondary subroof is pro- limited due to the large tributary Due to the combination of long vided between the riser plates and area for the girders. Research has spans and high live load to dead load any finished interior spaces below. shown that large groups of people ratio, vibration was a significant con- cannot maintain unison with higher Butt-welds join the treads in sin- cern in the design of the seating frequency activities such as stamping. gle row sections at the change in framing. Each subframing member alignment at each grid line. During throughout the entire stadium was The post-tensioned cast-in-place fabrication, each section is bent to analyzed for dynamic response to two concourse framing is separated into form a 2” return at the top of the excitation modes. The first mode eight midrise buildings to relieve cap plate. Two 1” clevis plates spaced 2” apart are welded to the cap plate, with a 4” diameter hole in each cle- vis plate at 18” from the end work point of the column. The clevis plates fit on each side of a 1½” thick half-round gusset plate. The gusset plates, 24” in radius, center on the end work points of the columns with a matching 4” diameter hole on a radius of 18”. A 4” diameter round stock pin fits through the holes in View of club (middle) and lower bowl framing and both levels of suites at north the gusset and clevis plates, with ¼” endzone. thick plate washers serving as spacers between the plies and six inch diam- thermal, creep, and shrinkage stress- eral analysis of the concourse fram- eter, 1¼” thick cap plates on each es, and to isolate lateral wind and ing. Slip-critical bolts field bolt all end of the pin. The column load is earthquake loads. To accommodate connections. transferred through bearing on the differential thermal movements The raker frames in the upper plates and shear in the pin. Six-inch between the riser plates and the sub- bowl are one of the signature items diameter pins were used in the con- framing below, the connections of the new stadium. The raker beam nections of some of the more heavily between the treads and the stringers consists of a tapered wide flange sec- loaded columns. consisted of either fixed or slip-capa- tion built-up from 1”×26” A36 flange ble details. The slip connections The gusset plates at the upper end plates and ½” A36 web plates vary- allowed differential movements of the columns are field bolted to the ing in height from 25” to 66”. The around the bowl between the treads underside of the built-up raker beam raker beam has a straight taper along and the stringers underneath. Rigid with slip critical bolts in oversized its lower length, with a curved taper fixed connections were used in the holes. The lower gusset plates bear at its upper end. Since the height of two center bays of each of the build- on cast-in-place pedestals, which are the upper bowl varies around the sta- ing sections, with the slip connec- 4’ tall extensions of the cast-in-place dium, the radius of the curve at each tions in the remaining bays (those concourse frame. The pedestals raker varies in order to maintain a bays within two grid lines of a build- increase concourse circulation space constant work point at the lower end ing expansion joint). Longitudinal by raising the lower end workpoint and a vertical depth of 72” at the bracing between the bowl framing of the columns above the headroom upper end. At the four raker frames and the concourse frame was also required for the patrons, and they supporting the scoreboards and video located in the center bays of each also elevate the pin connections to boards in the northern corners of the building section. eye level of the patrons on the upper stadium, the flanges become 2” thick concourse. The raker frames at the middle in the upper portion of the raker bowl extend from the upper suite beam to support the extra weight.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Recreation Guidelines Public Hearing Draft
    MONTGOMERY COUNTY PLANNING BOARD RECREATION GUIDELINES PUBLIC HEARING DRAFT SEPTEMBER 2016 Prepared by the Montgomery County Planning Department www.MontgomeryPlanning.org Table of Contents Chapter 1: 4.1.5 Step 4, Continued: Revising Supply Selections - Us- Overview of the 2016 Recreation Guidelines �������� 2 ing Recreation Elements ������������������������������������������������������21 4.1.6 Exporting the Recreation Adequacy Report ������������22 1�1 Introduction ������������������������������������������������������������������2 1�2 Purpose of the Update ������������������������������������������������3 Chapter 5: Flexibility: Custom Recreation Facilities ��������������� 24 1�3 Overall Recreation Guidelines Goals ��������������������������3 5�1 Custom Facility Tool ��������������������������������������������������24 1�4 Use of the Recreation Guidelines ��������������������������������3 5.1.1 Custom Facilities Evaluation Method �����������������������24 1�5 The 1992 Recreation Guidelines Method �������������������4 5.1.3 Planning Board Findings ��������������������������������������������25 1�6 The Web Tool ��������������������������������������������������������������5 5�2 Custom Facilities Evaluation ��������������������������������������26 Chapter 2: Chapter 6: Recreation Demand Overview ������������������������������� 6 Off-Site Recreation������������������������������������������������� 27 2�1 Approach to Establishing Demand � ���������������������������6 6�1 Using Existing Off-Site Public Recreation Facilities 2.1.1 Recreation
    [Show full text]
  • White Paper: #Backyardexperiment © SFA 2017 Street Furniture Australia 1300 027 799 Streetfurniture.Com 2 1.0 Introduction
    WHITE PAPER #BackyardExperiment a pop-up park and social study in garema place, canberra #BackyardExperiment was a collaboration between Street Furniture Australia and the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects, in partnership with ACT Government and In the City Canberra. This paper was released by Street Furniture Australia on 6 February 2017. contents 1.0 introduction 3 2.0 project rationale 5 3.0 objectives 6 4.0 key challenges 7 4.1 a thoroughfare 7 4.2 not family friendly 8 4.3 low population density 9 5.0 key tools 10 5.1 movable seats 11 5.2 art and colour 12 5.3 lighting 13 5.4 lawn 14 5.5 digital 15 5.6 community collaboration 16 6.0 results 17 6.1 time-lapse results 17 6.2 missing seat tally 25 6.3 social media responses 26 6.4 empathy interviews 30 6.5 ACT Government survey 32 7.0 conclusion 33 7.1 key learnings 33 7.2 recommendations 34 acknowledgements 35 references 36 time-lapse data 37 White Paper: #BackyardExperiment © SFA 2017 Street Furniture Australia 1300 027 799 streetfurniture.com 2 1.0 introduction How do you attract people to public space? #BackyardExperiment seeks to answer this A bright pop-up park, designed by landscape question. architecture firm Context, was built to attract people and make the area more family-friendly, on The pop-up park and social experiment ran for 8 a limited budget. days at Garema Place, in the heart of Canberra, Australia’s capital city. Three time-lapse cameras were installed to observe and compare data on how people Garema Place is a largely concrete, underused interacted with Garema Place before and during open area surrounded by cafès, shops and the experiment.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Open Space Plan Urban Open Space Plan
    “It is the great spaces between the great buildings that make a great city.” - Winston Churchill URBAN OPEN SPACE PLAN URBAN OPEN SPACE PLAN www.tempe.gov/comdev/urbanopenspace.htm REPORT PREPARED BY: with PROS Consulting 201 S. Capitol Ave, Suite 505 Indianapolis, IN 46225 Drake & Associates 8003 East Del Tornasol Scottsdale, AZ 85258 REPORT PREPARED FOR: The City of Tempe, Community Development Department December 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 5 2. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND ANALYSIS AND PLANNING INPUT 13 3. OVERALL VISION AND PROGRAM PLAN 17 4. NEIGHBORHOOD PLACES 87 5. GETTING AROUND: ARTERIALS, TRANSIT & CONNECTING PLACES 97 6. IDEA BOOK ON KEY ELEMENTS 109 7. SUSTAINABILITY: A KEY PART OF THE VISION 119 8. DIRECTING THE DREAM: MAINTENANCE, OPERATION, RESOURCE 127 REQUIREMENTS, REVENUE OPTIONS AND STRATEGIES 9. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES 131 10. CONCLUSION 135 4 TEMPE URBAN OPEN SPACE PLAN FINAL REPORT 5 INTRODUCTION PROJECT GOALS The desirability of a city goes beyond its job foresight when they decided to initiate an Urban offerings, retail centers, housing stock, or even Open Space Plan in the fall of 2006 to nurture its cultural and recreation offerings. A city is also and build on that unique downtown experience. judged by its sense of place, social atmosphere, and This document is the result of that decision, and of certain quality of life elements that are often hard more than a year’s effort, working with downtown to define or plan for. People want to live or work in residents and other stakeholders to explore how the a place that is pleasant, stimulating, attractive and city could develop a great public space environment safe.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 a View from the 2,9 Prize Blidges of 1971
    1 A View from the Bleachers page 9 2,9 Prize Blidges of 1971 page 12 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION • Published by VOLUME XI I NUMBER 3 I THIRD QUARTER 1971 American Institute of Steel Construction 101 P.,k Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017 CONTENTS A View from the Bleachers 3 A Rustic Bridge with a Weathered Finish 10 Edwin H. Webster, President Prize Bridges of 1971 12 Gilbert M. Dorland, First Vice President Van W. Coddington, Second Vice President William R. Jackson, Treasurer John K. Edmonds, THE T. R. HIGGINS LECTURESHIP AWARD Executive Vice President leslie H. Gillette, In 1972, the American Institute of Steel Construction will Assistant Executive Vice President conduct the second annual T. R. Higgins Lectureship A ward. William W. lanigan, Secretary and General Counsel The Awa"d honOl'S former AISC Director of Engineering and Research Theodore R. Higgins for his substantial cont,ibu­ tions to the advancement of the structural steel industry through innovative engineering, technical papers, and pro­ • DITO"IAL 8TA~" fessiOltal lectures . Daniel Farb, Director of Publications The Award J'Ccognizes the author of the technical paper that Mary Anne Donohue, Editor is judged to be the 1nost significant contJ'ibution to ellgineerillg literature on fabricated stmctural steel published within the period from July 1, 1969 to July 1, 1971. The Award consists of an engraved certificate and a $2,000 honorarium. If the RaalONAL O ...... IC •• paper selected has more than one author, the principal author Atlanta, Georgia listed will receive the Award, but the other authors will also Birmingham, Alabama be hOllOred.
    [Show full text]
  • Re Imagining Learning Strategies for Engagement
    re imagining learning strategies for engagement “Do not train a child to learn by force or harshness; but direct them to it by what amuses their minds, so that you may be better able to discover with accuracy the peculiar bent of the genius of each.” Plato re imagining learning strategies for engagement Introduction About This Book If you are an educator, a learner, a parent, a The document is comprised of three sections: professional, or just part of the conversation about where education is headed, this catalogue is for you. the different ways we learn As designers for learning spaces, we see great qualities of effective learning spaces examples of learning environments and those that design strategies for engagement could be better. The most successful spaces balance technology and low-tech solutions, and offer We hope that this collection of imagery settings for both team-based learning and areas inspires you to look beyond the classroom to see for individual focus. There are innovative learning learning or the potential for learning in all places spaces everywhere, and we’ve put this piece you encounter. together to articulate what makes them great. The collection of imagery in the pages that follow strives to leap beyond the tools and tactical aspects of effective classrooms. We hope to re imagine learning and to bring to light the latent aspects of successful learning environments that incite people to learn deeply, to recognize the real-world connections to what they learn, and ultimately to This study reveals the latent aspects become lifelong learners, engaging in learning that of environments that inspire deep is connected.
    [Show full text]
  • Energized Public Spaces Design Guidelines
    Attachment A Designing Public Spaces Energized Public Spaces Design Guidelines Working Draft December 2018 THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PARKS THE MARYLAND-NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION Abstract The Designing Public Spaces: Energized Public Spaces Design Guidelines should be used in conjunction with Sector Plan Design Guidelines. This document will be used to guide the design of public spaces within the Energized Public Spaces Functional Master Plan (EPS Plan) Study Area as outlined in more detail in these guidelines. The guidelines are based on existing conditions analysis, stakeholder input and current best practices in public space design from the region and beyond. Design guidelines help provide information about how plan recommendations and zoning code requirements can be met, and the overall context for the different types of spaces within an integrated system of public spaces in the County. Design guidelines are approved by the Montgomery County Planning Board for use by public entities and developers in preparing design proposals, and planners and the Board in reviewing them. These guidelines may need to be reviewed and updated by the Planning Board as best practices and conditions in the EPS Plan Study Area evolve overtime. Sources of Copies Montgomery County Department of Parks The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission 9500 Brunett Ave. Silver Spring, MD 20901 Online at www.montgomeryparks.org ii DESIGNING PUBLIC SPACES - ENERGIZED PUBLIC SPACES DESIGN GUIDELINES • WORKING DRAFT • DECEMBER
    [Show full text]
  • Tropicana Field Renovation Study June 2009 Contents
    03 04 TROPICANA FIELD RENOVATION STUDY JUNE 2009 CONTENTS 1 4 5 03 Executive Summary 10 Key Attribute Analysis 34 Conclusion A. Circulation/ Concourses B. Seating Size 2 C. Seating Bowl Design and Seat Distribution 6 05 Introduction 35 Appendices D. Club Lounges E. Press Box 3 F. Suites 09 Purpose Statement G. Natural Light (Synthetic Turf) G.1. Retractable Roof (Natural Grass) H. Site Amenities I. Technology J. Interior Fit-Out and Renovation K. Concessions Equipment L. Signage, Scoreboard and Video Board Systems M. MEP Systems 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Major League Baseball (“MLB”) has experienced remarkable growth over the past two decades. Overall, MLB attendance has increased from approximately 54.8 million in 1990 to 78.6 million in 2008. At the heart of this growth has been the development of a new generation of ballparks throughout the United States. From San Francisco to Philadelphia, Denver to Atlanta, and Houston Tropicana Field does not have many of the key attributes currently to construct a retractable roof in the off-season, so accommodation to Cleveland, franchises have been invigorated and strengthened found at fi rst-class ballparks. Given the trends in ballpark development would need to be made to play at another facility during some or by new ballparks that have increased local revenue capabilities and the time lag between its design and construction, Tropicana all of one season. and drawn an increasing number of new fans to the game. These Field was arguably outdated before it even opened its doors for ballparks vary in size, location and type of amenities.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report PEDESTRIAN EXPERIENCE
    MDID’S ALL-STAR IMPACT PROMOTING A GREENER DOWNTOWN WORKING WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT IMPACTING OUR YOUTH/COMMUNITY SURROUNDINGS ENGAGEMENT 2014 IMPROVING THE SHAPING OUR DOWNtoWN Annual Report PEDESTRIAN EXPERIENCE Minneapolis Downtown Improvement District & SafeZone Collaborative Letter from the Board Chair & Chief Executive Officer Dear Downtown Stakeholder, Another successful year is in the books here at the Minneapolis Downtown Improvement District (MDID). We’re pleased we were able to share it with you. Downtown Minneapolis is bustling right now, and at MDID our mission to keep downtown vibrant is more important than ever. Greening initiatives are being 2014 proposed, designed and created all over the area, improving the quality of the public realm while also impacting real and perceived safety in our district. Our ANNUAL MDID Ambassadors continue to be the faces of our organization on the street, helping keep our streets clean, our pedestrians informed and our greening REPORT efforts flourishing. In 2014, we completed our second full year of governance alignment between MINNEAPOLIS DOWNTOWN the MDID and the Minneapolis Downtown Council (MDC)—a partnership that IMPROVEMENT DISTRicT continues to grow while leaving a lasting impact. This upcoming year marks & SAFEZONE COLLABORATIVE my (Tom’s) first as MDC/MDID Board Chair, and we will continue to work together on providing a consistently compelling downtown experience for everyone. Downtown Minneapolis’ residential population once again increased Letter from the Chair of the Board last year, and combined with our thriving businesses and incredible dining and of Directors & Chief Executive Officer ....1 entertainment options, more and more people are spending time inside our About .............................
    [Show full text]
  • Corporate Presentation 2012
    Corporate Presentation 2012 01 Figueras International Seating 02 Company Philosophy 03 Our Mission 04 History 05 Business Vision 06 Business Strategy 07 Success Factors 08 Innovation 09 Figueras Design Centre 10 Engineering and Consulting 11 Green Attitude 12 Segments 13 World References Figueras International Seating 01 Figueras Figueras Figueras Figueras Figueras Figueras Figueras Figueras Engineering Design Centre France Deutschland Seating Portugal Seating Asia Seating UK Seating USA & Consulting 3 Company Philosophy 02 We specialize in leveraging our engineering and design expertise to create innovative seating systems that optimize space and enhance profitability. 4 Our Mission 03 We have one key objective: Innovation for our clients’ projects. Figueras is a company with a strong client focused approach based on professional excellence, and quality of product and services. 5 History 04 1929 Martín Figueras Hilari founded the company, dedicated to the manufacturing of cinema seating. 1969 Figueras Industries S.A. appoints José Figueras Mitjans as president and factory expansion begins in Lliçà d’Amunt, Barcelona. 1980 Figueras starts to develop its business at the international level. The company revolutionizes the market with the first seat made with the Integral Form upholstery system. 1969 6 History 04 1990 Figueras opens the following subsidiaries: Figueras France Figueras Deutschland Figueras Asia 1996 Warner Bros International Theatres signs a global contract with Figueras for 170,000 seats to be installed at new cinemas in Europe and Japan. 1996 7 History 04 1997 Creation of the modern Figueras Design Centre. Figueras Contractor is established to handle Custom Products. 1999 The company marks the start of the new millennium by opening a branch office in the USA, Figueras Seating USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Submitted As Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Master in Architecture Degree Massachusetts Institute of Technology August 22, 1960
    jK~. CI? A BASEBALL STADIUM FOR PITTSBURGH Submitted as partial fulfillment of requirements for the Master in Architecture degree Massachusetts Institute of Technology August 22, 1960 Allan S. Anderson, B. Arch. Carnegie Institute of Technology 1957 Lawrence B. Anderson, Head Department of Architecture 355 Marlboro Street Boston 15, Massachusetts Dear Dean Belluschi, In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master in Architecture, I submit the following thesis entitled, "A Base- ball Stadium in Pittsburgh". Sincerely, Allan S. Anderson Pietro Belluschi Dean, School of Architecture and Planning, M. I. T. Oambridge 39, Massachusetts A BASEBALL S T A D I UM F 0 R P I T T S B U R G H ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to those members of the faculty who have given their counsel towards the pursuit of this project. The help of Mr. Edward Frayer of the Civic Auditorium Authority of Pittsburgh; Mr. R. Murtry, Senior Planner of the Pittsburgh City Planning Commission; Michael Githens, Pittsburgh City Traffic Engi- neer; and Mr. Heron of the Pittsburgh Pirates is hereby acknowledged. The above together with the generous assistance of Poul van der Wal and the inspiring help of my wife, Barbara, have made this project possible. A BA SE BA L L S T ADI U M F 0 R P I T T S B U R G H ABSTRACT A. Title: A baseball Stadium for Pittsburgh B. Name of Author: Allan S. Anderson C. Submitted for the degree of Master of Architecture in the Depart- ment of Architecture on August 22, 1960 The inadequacy of Forbes Field, Pittsburgh's present baseball facility, due to a congested site, lack of parking space, and an outgrown, deter- iorated physical plan has forced the Pittsburgh Pirates to consider moving to another municipality.
    [Show full text]
  • Structures in Motion Contents
    STRUCTURES IN MOTION CONTENTS | Overview .................................................1 | At-A-Glance ............................................3 | Market Opportunities ..............................5 | Case Study: Petrochemical Industry .....13 | Competitive Advantages ........................15 | Projects Current & Completed ...............19 | Future Innovations .................................23 | Services .................................................27 | Case Study: Reliant Stadium .................31 | Risk Management ..................................33 | Intellectual Property ...............................37 | History ...................................................39 | Professional Team .................................41 | Contact Us .............................................47 Starlight Theatre 2 Rockford, Illinois Uni-Systems OVERVIEW For forty years Uni-Systems has engineered structures that move. From movable gates to airline hangar doors and large-body docking equip- ment, retractable roofs and movable walls, Uni-Systems designs the mechanization systems that permit large structures to move. Architects call this kinetic architecture. Uni-Systems is recognized as the leading designer and advocate of kinetic architecture, creating transfor- mative, mechanized structures that change with climate, need or purpose Headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Uni-Systems earned its UHSXWDWLRQDVDZRUOGFODVVOHDGHULQPRWLRQWHFKQRORJ\E\SUR¿WDEO\ completing over 120 projects for the military, aircraft, and entertainment
    [Show full text]
  • Citizens' Task Force on Chargers Issues Final
    CITIZENS’ TASK FORCE ON CHARGERS ISSUES FACILITIES & REDEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE FACTS & FINDINGS Following is a summary of the Facilities and Redevelopment Committee’s facts and findings. All information has been included in one of seven categories, including: Stadium Tour/Facility; Users/Uses/Tenants; Environmental Constraints; Development; Transportation; Community Concerns/Needs; and Other Sites. STADIUM TOUR/FACILITY S Facility Construction - The planning, design and construction of NFL stadiums can be a protracted affair. The stadium for the New England Patriots started in 1981—the new facility opened in 2001. In Baltimore, the planning process started in 1986; completion of the Baltimore Ravens’ stadium occurred in 2001. S Facility Size - The size of new generation NFL stadiums is 1.6 - 1.8 million square feet; Qualcomm stadium contains only 1.1 million square feet. The additional area in other stadiums is attributable to back-of-house and support services (e.g., kitchen, food services/points-of-sale, locker rooms, public restrooms, circulation space, etc.). S Seating Angles – o The architectural cross-section (in particular, the slope of the seating in the upper deck areas) of the new generation of NFL stadiums is nearly identical to the cross-section of Qualcomm Stadium. In some new NFL facilities, the upper level seating area is at, or beyond, the height of the light ring at Qualcomm Stadium. o At the Plaza/Field level of Qualcomm Stadium the slope of the seating area is too shallow for good visibility of the playing field. In order to resolve this dilemma, HOK and NBBJ recommended that the slope should be steeper which would necessitate raising the playing field by three to four feet.
    [Show full text]