DOCSLIB.ORG

Embracing the Future of Land Transportation: Valuing Flexibility in Design and Technology Options for Autonomous Vehicle Developments in Singapore

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Embracing the Future of Land Transportation: Valuing Flexibility in Design and Technology Options for Autonomous Vehicle Developments in Singapore Embracing the Future of Land Transportation: Valuing Flexibility in Design and Technology Options for Autonomous Vehicle Developments in Singapore by Huiling Eng B.Eng. Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 2007 SUBMITTED TO THE SYSTEM DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FEBRUARY 2017 © 2017 Huiling Eng. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature of Author: ____________________________________________________________ Huiling Eng System Design and Management Program November 15, 2016 Certified by: __________________________________________________________________ Richard de Neufville Professor of Engineering Systems, MIT Institute for Data, Systems, and Society Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: _________________________________________________________________ Warren Seering Weber-Shaughness Professor of Mechanical Engineering [This Page is Intentionally Left Blank] 2 Embracing the Future of Land Transportation: Valuing Flexibility in Design and Technology Options for Autonomous Vehicle Developments in Singapore by Huiling Eng Submitted to the System Design and Management Program on November 15, 2016 in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering and Management ABSTRACT This thesis examines the prospects of implementing fully autonomous vehicles in Singapore, and proposes flexible design and development strategies to maximize value creation. This approach recognizes the uncertainties associated with emerging technology domains, and illustrates how an adaptive policy can enable the policymaker to apply policy levers timely to leverage upside opportunities and mitigate downside risks. A review of the autonomous vehicle developments in the industry shows that there is neither a clear consensus on the technological pathway, nor an agreement on a definitive solution to achieve full autonomy. The thesis evaluates the maturity of the technology enablers for autonomous driving capabilities using the Technology Readiness Level definitions adopted by the United States Department of Defense, and concludes that fully autonomous driving capabilities are not yet ready for the road. Based on a realistic assessment of the current state of technology, the thesis identifies three areas of uncertainty: rigor in safety validation, transition from prototyping to full- scale development, and effectiveness of autonomous vehicle deployment in improving road congestion. The thesis further discusses the policy implications specific to the context of Singapore, covering: (1) Personal and societal benefits and costs, (2) Balancing regulations with encouraging innovation, (3) Transportation as a service, (4) Pricing, (5) Ethical considerations and social dilemma, (6) Data management and privacy, (7) Social acceptance, (8) Liabilities and insurance, and (9) Infrastructure. The thesis concludes with actionable recommendations to guide the policymaker to remain capability-defined but technology-agnostic; and application-specific but solution- neutral. The recommendations are based on the following guiding principles: (1) Start small, then grow - prototype and pilot to validate hypotheses before scaling up, (2) Collaborate and leverage, through public-private partnerships, and (3) Do not be in a haste to commit - diversify and keep the options open. Thesis Supervisor : Richard de Neufville Title : Professor of Engineering Systems Institute for Data, Systems, and Society 3 [This Page is Intentionally Left Blank] 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my sponsor, Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA), Singapore for giving me the opportunity to pursue a postgraduate education at MIT. This would not have been possible without the support of Mr. Henry Chang, Mdm. Rosemary Yeo, and Mr. Teo Tiat Leng. Next, I would like to thank my thesis advisor, Professor Richard de Neufville, for his time, encouragement, and guidance throughout my thesis work. His insights and thoughtful comments on systems analysis and flexibility in design of technological systems are an inspiration in shaping my thesis scope and content. I am fortunate to be able to learn so much from him in the past months. I would also wish to acknowledge Assistant Professor Lynette Cheah from the Singapore University of Technology and Design who helped review this thesis and provided valuable inputs. I also valued the opportunity to participate in the Planes, Trains, and Automobiles (and Bikes) seminar series organized by the Harvard Kennedy School Taubman Center for State and Local Government, with the timely focus on “How should Policymakers Drive Autonomous Vehicles”. The diverse perspectives gathered from the discussions helped motivate my thinking in-depth about the different policy dimensions in this domain. I would also like to express my appreciation to the System Design and Management Program (SDM) faculty and staff for their assistance throughout the program, and my fellow SDM classmates for their friendship and sharing of experiences and knowledge. They have certainly made my learning journey at MIT an enriching one. Finally, I am grateful to my family and friends for their understanding and encouragement. Huiling Eng [email protected] Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA November 2016 5 [This Page is Intentionally Left Blank] 6 CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... 5 LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................ 10 LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... 12 LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 15 1.1 Motivation ......................................................................................................... 15 1.2 Organization of Thesis ..................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................ 19 2.1 Definition of Automation Levels ........................................................................ 19 2.2 Evolution of Autonomous Vehicle Technology ................................................. 23 2.3 Land Transportation in Singapore .................................................................... 29 2.3.1 Overview .................................................................................................... 29 2.3.2 Electronic Road Pricing System in Singapore ........................................... 29 2.3.3 Smart Mobility 2030 ................................................................................... 32 2.3.4 Autonomous Vehicles - Turning Vision into Reality ................................... 33 2.5 Global Investments in Autonomous Vehicle Developments ............................. 40 2.6 Government Involvement in Autonomous Vehicle Developments Globally ...... 43 2.7 Benefits and Challenges for Autonomous Vehicle Implementation .................. 50 2.7.1 Benefits ...................................................................................................... 51 2.7.2 Challenges ................................................................................................. 52 CHAPTER 3 – TECHNOLOGY READINESS AND DIFFUSION .................................. 55 3.1 Concept of Technology Readiness .................................................................. 55 3.2 Origin of Technology Readiness Level ............................................................. 56 3.3 Technology Readiness Level Scale ................................................................. 56 3.4 Technology Hype Cycle ................................................................................... 58 3.5 Concept of Technology Diffusion ..................................................................... 60 7 CHAPTER 4 – CONCEPT OF UNCERTAINTY, FLEXIBILITY, AND REAL OPTIONS 63 4.1 The Future is Uncertain .................................................................................... 63 4.2 Flexibility Can Add Value ................................................................................. 65 4.3 Real Options .................................................................................................... 67 4.4 Application to Technology Options ................................................................... 68 4.5 Application to Policymaking.............................................................................. 69 CHAPTER 5 – TECHNOLOGY READINESS ASSESSMENT OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE CAPABILTIES .............................................................................................. 71 5.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 71 5.2 System Decomposition ...................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Innovation in Ecosystem Business Models: an Application to Maas and Autonomous Vehicles in Urban Mobility System
    Innovation in ecosystem business models : An application to MaaS and Autonomous vehicles in urban mobility system Rodrigo Gandia To cite this version: Rodrigo Gandia. Innovation in ecosystem business models : An application to MaaS and Autonomous vehicles in urban mobility system. Economics and Finance. Université Paris-Saclay; University of Lavras, UFLA (Brésil), 2020. English. NNT : 2020UPASC018. tel-02895349 HAL Id: tel-02895349 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02895349 Submitted on 9 Jul 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Innovation in Ecosystem Business Models: An Application to MaaS and Autonomous Vehicles in Urban Mobility System Thèse de doctorat de l'université Paris-Saclay École doctorale n° 573 Interfaces : approches interdisciplinaires, fon- dements, applications et innovation (Interfaces) Spécialité de doctorat : Ingénierie des systèmes complexes Unité de recherche : Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire Genie Industriel, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Référent : CentraleSupélec Thèse présentée et
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Annual Report
    2015 Annual Report Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, ELCA 2561 Victoria Street North Roseville, MN 55113 651-484-4144 www.princeofpeaceroseville.org final 1/21/15 FROM THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CONGREGATION DIALOGUE AND PRAYER As we gather today, bless us O Lord. We are a church that belongs to Jesus Christ. We believe we are a part of God’s unfolding promise. As we gather, we connect with believers everywhere and are drawn more deeply into God’s saving story. As we engage in discussion and discernment today, bless us O Lord. We are a church whose unity is in Jesus Christ. We gather to discover, discern and boldly participate in what God is up to in our congregation, our community and the world. As we live out our faith through decisions today, bless us O Lord. We are a church that proclaims the good news of Jesus Christ and believes that through the gospel we are justified by God’s grace through faith. We believe we are transformed through the death of Jesus Christ on the cross and thus are always being made new. As we are one body with many members, bless us O Lord. As there are many parts to the body in Christ, help us to see how we are individually members one of another so that we are freed to serve and love our neighbor with a living, daring confidence in God’s grace. Amen. SCRIPTURE READING For as in one body we have many members, and not all the members Romans 12: 4-5 have the same function, so we, who are many, are one body in Christ, and individually we are members one of another.
    [Show full text]
  • Emerging Technologies in Diabetes Management: the Who, What and When for Improving Control Jodi Strong, DNP, CDE, BC-ADM, CPT Saturday, February 18, 2017 9:30 A.M
    Emerging Technologies in Diabetes Management: The Who, What and When for Improving Control Jodi Strong, DNP, CDE, BC-ADM, CPT Saturday, February 18, 2017 9:30 a.m. – 10:15 a.m. There are many emerging technologies that will change the practice of diabetes management. They are demonstrating improved patient and clinician outcomes and provide patients with less disease burden. The quest for noninvasive monitoring and more comprehensive glucose data collection and insulin delivery systems has provided new monitoring and insulin delivery technologies to assist patients, caregivers, and health care professionals to improve diabetes management. Reducing glycemic excursions, hypoglycemia, diabetes related complications, and hospitalizations can lead to improved paid-for-performance measures and reimbursement opportunities for health care organizations and health systems. This presentation will review some of the newest emerging technologies in diabetes and identify several products that have recently launched, are FDA approved and launching, as well as a few that are coming down the pipeline. This presentation will review several new insulin delivery devices including new or innovative technologies being created by: Tandem Diabetes, Medtronic Diabetes, LifeScan and Companion Medical Inc. Some of the latest products for glucose monitoring devices and software will also be discussed. In addition, a few pipeline products will be reviewed including technologies centered on closed-loop insulin delivery systems and the potential for a glucose sensing contact lens. References: 1. Abbott (2016, September 28). Abbott Receives FDA Approval for the Freestyle LIBRE PRO™ System, A Revolutionary Diabetes Sensing Technology for Healthcare Professionals to use with their Patients. 2. Abbott Laboratories (2019, October).
    [Show full text]
  • Hax Hax Are Experience
    QUESTA RIVISTA E I SUOI CONTENUTI SONO RILASCIATI SOTTO CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION-SHARE ALIKE 2.5 UNPORTED HTTP://CREATIVECOMMONS.ORG/LICENSES/BY-SA/2.5/ HTTP://CREATIVECOMMONS.ORG/LICENSES/BY-SA/2.5/LEGALCODE I DIRITTI PROTETTI DA COPYRIGHT SONO DEI LEGITTIMI PROPRIETARI HAX HAX ARE EXPERIENCE FOGLIO DI COLLEGAMENTO DELL’ASSOCIAZIONE HACKLAB COSENZA CURATORE GRAFICO - IMPAGINATORE CAPOREDATTORE FRANCESCO MUSCIMARRO “CICCIORAPTOR” ENZO AGGAZIO “JETPAC” REDAZIONE CORRETTORI DI BOZZE UMIT UYGUR ERICA LITRENTA VINCENZO BRUNO “ALIVIN 70” ANDREA FALCONE GIANNI VILLELLA “VILGIO” ARTICOLISTI EDITORIALISTA DANIELE DI VITO GIUSEPPE GUERRASIO “LOBOTOMIA” MARIO LAGADARI ROCCO FOLINO “LORD ZEN” MARCO ASCRIZZI “ONO-SENDAI” IGNAZIO FILICE “SNIGGER” FRANCESCA BEATRICE CICE NUCCIO CANTELMI GIUSEPPE LEONE “M4573R85” MARCELLO ZANIBONI CARLO TANCREDI CARLO RUTA SIMONE BRUSCHI ANDREA PANETTA NECOSI MARCELLO ZANIBONI ENRICO BISENZI CLAUDIO PARINI ALESSANDRO SCIACQUA STEPHYA LUCA MENINI ALEXJAN CARRATUTO ENRICO PERSICHELLA GIUSEPPE MASILI CARLO GUBITOSA SELENE VERRI PUBBLICAZIONE APERIODICA RIVISTA IMPAGINATA CON OPEN OFFICE.ORG PUBBLICITA’ ASSENTE L’IMMAGINE DI SFONDO DELLA COPERTINA E’ STATA REALIZZATA DA FRANCESCA BEATRICE CICE LA BASE DI TUX G2 PRESENTI IN COPERTINA È’ STATA PROGETTATA DA OVERLORD59 DA CRYSTALXP.NET QUESTO NUMERO DI HAX E’ DEDICATO ALLA PICCOLA LUNA BRUNO, CHE HA PRONUNCIATO IL SUO PRIMO “HELLO WORLD” IL 14 SETTEMBRE 2008 2 IL punto sulla situazione L'inverno sta arrivando, ma noi di HAX non vi abbandoniamo ed insieme a noi si unisce la co- munità Italiana di Linux, del Software Libero e dell'Open Source. Questo è un numero speciale di HAX, dedicato al LinuxDay, che come ogni anno dal 2001 ad oggi cerca di promuovere e diffondere Linux tramite un messaggio comune da parte delle varie realtà dislocate sul territorio Italiano.
    [Show full text]
  • Weekly Wireless Report November 10, 2017
    Week Ending: Weekly Wireless Report November 10, 2017 03, 2017 This Week’s Stories Inside This Issue: T-Mobile-Sprint Merger Would Not Have Created Value- D.Telekom CEO This Week’s Stories November 7, 2017 T-Mobile-Sprint Merger Would Not Have Created Value- Deutsche Telekom ended talks on a merger between its T-Mobile US business and Sprint Corp D.Telekom CEO because it would not have created value, CEO Tim Hoettges told staff after the deal collapsed at the Intel Inks Multiyear Deal To weekend. Become Exclusive Virtual Reality Provider For Turner's NBA Hoettges said he flew 50,000 km in seven days to try to save the deal, meeting Masayoshi Son, head Coverage of Sprint owner Softbank Corp, at his private home in Tokyo only for the two sides to decide against a deal. Disturbing Videos Reportedly Showed Up On YouTube Kids “In the end, it is always about creating value for shareholders. Our impression was that this did not work out,” Hoettges wrote in a blog post to staff that was seen by Reuters. Products & Services Microsoft Word's New 'Resume The deal would have created a business with 130 million customers - a close third behind AT&T and Assistant' Uses LinkedIn To Make Verizon. Your Resume Better Alone, T-Mobile has 70.7 million customers and although it has added more than a million subscribers T-Mobile Can Keep Nest Secure for 18 quarters in a row it will take a long time to close the gap. Online If Your WiFi Fails T-Mobile has invested more than $40 billion in the last six years to scale up its operations, but Apple Finally Releases Its Venmo without Sprint’s spectrum portfolio faces further spending as U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Autonomous Vehicles
    10/27/2017 Looming on the Horizon: Autonomous Vehicles Jim Hedlund Highway Safety North MN Toward Zero Deaths Conference October 26, 2017 St. Paul, MN In the next 25 minutes • AV 101 . What’s an autonomous vehicle (AV)? . What’s on the road now? . What’s coming and when? . What does the public think about AVs? . What are current state laws on AVs? • Traffic safety issues for states . AV testing . AV operations . What should states do . What should national organizations do 2 1 10/27/2017 Report released Feb. 2, 2017 3 Autonomous = self-driving, right? So what’s the challenge? • When all vehicles are autonomous: . The passenger economy: transportation as a service . No crashes (at least none due to driver error – about 94% currently) • And it’s coming soon . 26 states and DC with AV legislation or executive orders (and AVs probably can operate in most states without law changes) 4 2 10/27/2017 NCSL October 2017 www.ghsa.org @GHSAHQ 5 But … • It’s far more complicated than that 6 3 10/27/2017 What’s an AV? • Level 0: no automation, driver in complete control • Level 1: driver assistance . Cruise control or lane position, driver monitors at all times • Level 2: occasional self-driving . Control both speed and lane position in limited situations, like Interstates; driver monitors at all times ************** • Level 3: limited self-driving in some situations, like Interstates . Vehicle in full control, informs when driver must take control • Level 4: full self-driving under certain conditions . Vehicle in full control for entire trip, such as urban ride-sharing • Level 5: full self-driving at all times 7 What’s on the road now? • Level 1 available for many years .
    [Show full text]
  • SAE International® PROGRESS in TECHNOLOGY SERIES Downloaded from SAE International by Eric Anderson, Thursday, September 10, 2015
    Downloaded from SAE International by Eric Anderson, Thursday, September 10, 2015 Connectivity and the Mobility Industry Edited by Dr. Andrew Brown, Jr. SAE International® PROGRESS IN TECHNOLOGY SERIES Downloaded from SAE International by Eric Anderson, Thursday, September 10, 2015 Connectivity and the Mobility Industry Downloaded from SAE International by Eric Anderson, Thursday, September 10, 2015 Other SAE books of interest: Green Technologies and the Mobility Industry By Dr. Andrew Brown, Jr. (Product Code: PT-146) Active Safety and the Mobility Industry By Dr. Andrew Brown, Jr. (Product Code: PT-147) Automotive 2030 – North America By Bruce Morey (Product Code: T-127) Multiplexed Networks for Embedded Systems By Dominique Paret (Product Code: R-385) For more information or to order a book, contact SAE International at 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, USA phone 877-606-7323 (U.S. and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside U.S. and Canada); fax 724-776-0790; e-mail [email protected]; website http://store.sae.org. Downloaded from SAE International by Eric Anderson, Thursday, September 10, 2015 Connectivity and the Mobility Industry By Dr. Andrew Brown, Jr. Warrendale, Pennsylvania, USA Copyright © 2011 SAE International. eISBN: 978-0-7680-7461-1 Downloaded from SAE International by Eric Anderson, Thursday, September 10, 2015 400 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 USA E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Copyright © 2011 SAE International. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, distributed, or transmitted, in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of SAE.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Support Measures for Connected and Automated Driving
    Public support measures for connected and automated driving PUBLIC SUPPORT MEASURES FOR CONNECTED AND AUTOMATED DRIVING Final Report Tender No. GROW-SME-15-C-N102 within the Framework contract No. ENTR/300/PP/2013/FC Written by SPI, VTT and ECORYS May - 2017 Page | i Public support measures for connected and automated driving Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). Reference No. GROW-SME-15-C-N102 Framework contract No. ENTR/300/PP/2013/FC 300/PP/2013/FC The information and views set out in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Commission. The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on the European Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained herein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). ISBN 978-92-9202-254-9 doi: 10.2826/083361 AUTHORS OF THE STUDY Sociedade Portuguesa de Inovação (SPI – Coordinator): Augusto Medina, Audry Maulana, Douglas Thompson, Nishant Shandilya and Samuel Almeida. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT): Aki Aapaoja and Matti Kutila. ECORYS: Erik Merkus and Koen Vervoort Page | ii Public support measures for connected and automated driving Contents Acronym Glossary ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Waymo Rolls out Autonomous Vans Without Human Drivers 7 November 2017, by Tom Krisher
    Waymo rolls out autonomous vans without human drivers 7 November 2017, by Tom Krisher get drowsy, distracted or drunk. Google has long stated its intent to skip driver- assist systems and go directly to fully autonomous driving. The Waymo employee in the back seat won't be able to steer the minivan, but like all passengers, will be able to press a button to bring the van safely to a stop if necessary, Waymo said. Within a "few months," the fully autonomous vans will begin carrying volunteer passengers who are now taking part in a Phoenix-area test that includes use of backup drivers. Waymo CEO John Krafcik, who was to make the In this Sunday, Jan. 8, 2017, file photo, a Chrysler announcement Tuesday at a conference in Pacifica hybrid outfitted with Waymo's suite of sensors Portugal, said the company intends to expand the and radar is shown at the North American International testing to the entire 600-square-mile Phoenix area Auto Show in Detroit. Waymo is testing vehicles on and eventually bring the technology to more cities public roads with only an employee in the back seat. The around the world. It's confident that its system can testing started Oct. 19 with an automated Chrysler Pacifica minivan in the Phoenix suburb of Chandler, Ariz. handle all situations on public roads without human It's a major step toward vehicles driving themselves intervention, he said. without human backups on public roads. (AP Photo/Paul Sancya, File) "To have a vehicle on public roads without a person at the wheel, we've built some unique safety features into this minivan," Krafcik said in remarks prepared for the conference.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Autonomous Driving Market Outlook, 2018
    Global Autonomous Driving Market Outlook, 2018 The Global Autonomous Driving Market is Expected Grow up to $173.15 B by 2030, with Shared Mobility Services Contributing to 65.31% Global Automotive & Transportation Research Team at Frost & Sullivan K24A-18 March 2018 Contents Section Slide Number Executive Summary 7 2017 Key Highlights 8 Leading Players in terms of AD Patents Filed in 2017 10 Sensors Currently Used Across Applications 11 Next Generations of Sensor Fusion 12 Future Approach in Hardware and Software toward L5 Automation 13 Level 3 Automated Vehicles—What could be new? 14 2018 Top 5 Predictions 15 Research Scope and Segmentation 16 Research Scope 17 Vehicle Segmentation 18 Market Definition—Rise of Automation 19 Key Questions this Study will Answer 20 Impact of Autonomous Vehicles Driving Development of Vital Facets in 21 Business and Technology K24A-18 2 Contents (continued) Section Slide Number Transformational Impact of Automation on the Industry 22 Impact on the Development of Next-Generation Depth Sensing 23 Impact on Ownership and User-ship Structures 24 Impact of Autonomous Driving on Future Vehicle Design 25 Impact of Investments on Technology Development 26 Major Market and Technology Trends in Automated Driving—2018 27 Top Trends Driving the Autonomous Driving Market—2018 28 Market Trends 29 1. Autonomous Shared Mobility Solutions 30 Case Study—Waymo 31 2. Collective Intelligence for Fleet Management 32 Case Study—BestMile 33 3. Cyber Security of Autonomous Cars 34 Case Study—Karamba Security 35 K24A-18 3 Contents (continued) Section Slide Number Technology Trends 36 1. Convergence of Artificial Intelligence and Automated Driving 37 Case Study—Mobileye 38 2.
    [Show full text]
  • A Hierarchical Control System for Autonomous Driving Towards Urban Challenges
    applied sciences Article A Hierarchical Control System for Autonomous Driving towards Urban Challenges Nam Dinh Van , Muhammad Sualeh , Dohyeong Kim and Gon-Woo Kim *,† Intelligent Robotics Laboratory, Department of Control and Robot Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28644, Korea; [email protected] (N.D.V.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (D.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected] † Current Address: Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea. Received: 23 April 2020; Accepted: 18 May 2020; Published: 20 May 2020 Abstract: In recent years, the self-driving car technologies have been developed with many successful stories in both academia and industry. The challenge for autonomous vehicles is the requirement of operating accurately and robustly in the urban environment. This paper focuses on how to efficiently solve the hierarchical control system of a self-driving car into practice. This technique is composed of decision making, local path planning and control. An ego vehicle is navigated by global path planning with the aid of a High Definition map. Firstly, we propose the decision making for motion planning by applying a two-stage Finite State Machine to manipulate mission planning and control states. Furthermore, we implement a real-time hybrid A* algorithm with an occupancy grid map to find an efficient route for obstacle avoidance. Secondly, the local path planning is conducted to generate a safe and comfortable trajectory in unstructured scenarios. Herein, we solve an optimization problem with nonlinear constraints to optimize the sum of jerks for a smooth drive. In addition, controllers are designed by using the pure pursuit algorithm and the scheduled feedforward PI controller for lateral and longitudinal direction, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Smart Glasses
    The Future of Smart Glasses Forward-looking areas of research Prepared for Synoptik Foundation May 2014 Brian Due, PhD. Nextwork A/S Contents Smart&Glasses&and&Digitised&Vision&.....................................................................................................&3! 1.0&The&basis&of&the&project&...............................................................................................................................&4! 1.1!Contents!of!the!project!................................................................................................................................................!4! 2.0&The&historic&development&of&smart&glasses&..........................................................................................&5! 3.0&The&technological&conditions&and&functionalities,&and&various&products&..................................&8! 4.0&The&likely&scope&of&smart&glasses&within&the&next&3H5&years&...........................................................&9! 5.0&Likely&applications&of&smart&glasses&.....................................................................................................&12! 5.1!Specific!work6related!applications!......................................................................................................................!12! 5.2!Specific!task6related!applications!........................................................................................................................!12! 5.3!Self6tracking!applications!........................................................................................................................................!13!
    [Show full text]