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Planning Portfolio Punkaj Raj PLANNING PORTFOLIO PUNKAJ RAJ CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA MAJOR: URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING EMPHASIS: URBAN DESIGN MINOR: LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE TABLE OF CONTENTS ORANGE, CA: AN ADDENDUM TO ITS HISTORICAL CONTEXT PAGE A02 GARFIELD PARK: ACTIVATING PUBLIC SPACES PAGE B12 DOWNTOWN ONTARIO, CA: FOOD AND BUSINESS HUB PAGE C22 PG 01 URP 3350: PLAN MAKING HISTORY AND FUTURE GROUP PROJECT The current built environment is a reflection of past Since this was a group project, each focused on a development decisions, while the planning principles section such history, land use, transportation, and are statements of how the community has grown economic development. I was responsible for the and decisions about land use that it has made. history portion as well as putting together the final However, in many cases, the focus on the future text, laying out the document and sourcing leads to a failure to describe and analyze the past. historical materials such as maps and images. My The goal of this assignment was for us to examine portion of the content is in blue. the historical section of a community plan and rewrite/improve it, as well as design a pamphlet to educate your community about it. A02_ORANGE, CA: AN ADDENDUM TO ITS HISTORICAL CONTEXT Figure 1. Bracamontes home on Center Street in El Modena, California, 1905, Source: Orange Public Library and History Center ORANGE, CA AN ADDENDUM TO ITS HISTORICAL CONTEXT GROUP 04: UBALDO H., ALEXIS L., PUNKAJ R., ALEX S., JEREMY S. PG A03 The City of Orange, historically, has dealt with segregation and discrimination towards its Hispanic population. The benefits of city planning and development have gone towards the white population at the detriment of the minority population. Such practices during initial and growth years led to the displacement of the city’s Hispanic communities during the suburbanization of Orange in the 1950s. It is paramount to understand the importance of urban development in Orange, and how systemic racism was incorporated in the planning processes of the city. In this pamphlet, you will discover key moments of Orange’s 150 year history that have shaped the complexion and culture of this beautiful Californian city. EARLY FORMATION since “officials claimed it was too similar to the names of other communities in California, Modesto, (1870-1900) and Madera” (Brigandy, 2011). Even though the residents still preferred to call the town Modena, the Following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and community settled on Earlham and opened their breakup of Spanish land concessions, much of the post office in March of 1887. By 1888, the city region became accessible to American settlers. The officially changed the branch’s name by adding the city of Orange is laid within the boundaries of prefix “El” to the town’s original name. Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana and with its From the early 1870s through the 1880s, the region disintegration in 1854, early settler communities experienced a population boom with the began to form in the early 1860s. Beginning in the construction of regional railways. In 1886, the 1870s, the townsites of Richland and Earlham were construction of the Santa Fe Southern Railway and the two major communities to settle within the the Orange depot connected the city to the regional current boundaries of the city. economy and national market. “The railroad allowed for fresh fruit to be shipped long distances and Between 1867-68, attorneys Alfred Chapman and opened new markets for local growers” (Brigandy, Andrew Glassell represented the Yorba and Peralta 2011). families in the partitioning of Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana. In lieu of fees, they both acquired a total In 1887, a four-wheel horse-drawn streetcar of 4,000 acres of the ranch and established the connected the town of El Modena with Orange and townsite of Richland in 1871. Around the same, after the McPherson Ranch. These streetcar lines were having the land surveyed, it was divided into eight extremely useful for residents of El Modena, five-acre blocks with 20 lots within each block. (see “allowing them to affordably commute to nearby figure 2). The remaining acreage was allocated towns for five cents” (City of Orange, 2006, pg. 3). toward agriculture and the production of grain crops, The construction of the railway and streetcar including wheat, rye, barley, and oats. Inspired by the boosted El Modena’s agricultural economy and urban design of his home state of Virginia, Glassell population. With the expectation of a population reserved eight lots in the middle of the town for a boom, the town converted its farmland into land plaza. In 1886, an elliptical park would be built there tracts, which then speculators acquired them and at the intersection of Glassell and Chapman, further subdivided them into lots. By 1889, the boom creating the now historic Plaza district. By 1873, failed to materialize. “Farmers who had sub-divided Richland had grown large enough to apply for a local their property repossessed their holdings and post office. “It was refused, however, as there was returned the land to agriculture” (City of Orange, (and is) already a Richland, California in Sacramento 2006, pg. 4). While the return of land to agriculture County. Undaunted, the Richlanders proposed a new made El Modena a dominant producer of citrus and name – Orange” (Brigandy, 2011). stone fruits in the region, it played a major role in the city’s development. In comparison to Orange, much Beginning in the 1860s, a community of midwestern of the city’s residents lived in wooden structures Quakers settled the townsite of Modena three miles spread out along the orchard edges (figures 1 and east of the Richland. In contrast to Richland, 3). The town lacked formal order, limiting the Modena began primarily as an agriculture development of infrastructure and making the city community without a proper town or organized and its residents dependent on agriculture and layout. Like Richland, as the city grew, they too inaccessible to modernization and industry. applied for a local post office but were rejected PG A04 Figure 2. Sanborn - Perris Map 1984 (Orange, Orange County, CA) Source: U.S. Library of Congress PG A05 Figure 3. Orange, California, looking northwest from St. John's Lutheran Church, ca. 1914, Source: Orange Public Library and History Center railway networks. In 1896, the Pacific Electric In 1889, with access to the railway, Orange’s existing Streetcar would connect the city of Orange to Santa agriculture and manufacturing plants grew rapidly, Ana through “Main Street, La Veta Avenue, and and the demand for workers skyrocketed due to the Glassell Street” (The Pacific Electric Railway in ability to sell more products. The increase in Orange County.) These hydro-electric streetcars agricultural production and regional tensions in dominated the Southern California public transit Mexico led to an influx of immigrants from the system for nearly five decades (Miles, 2013) and Mexican states of Jalisco, Michoacán, and were key in the economic development of Orange. Zacatecas. They would eventually become a majority in the region’s agricultural workforce. In El Modena, the reversion to agriculture and population UNREST AND PROGRESS influx changed the town’s Quaker character into (1900-1940) Mexican American barrio. The economic, social and development disparities Events in the 1890s would further divide the present at the turn of the century would play a major communities and increase the disparity between the role in Orange’s urbanization during the post-war era predominately white city of Orange and Hispanic, and the development of the region’s culture. These agriculture city of El Modena. In January of 1890, differences led to the segmentation of the city’s services ended for the horse-drawn streetcar due to communities, culminating with civil unrest and a major flood that “destroyed its tracks across change in the 1930s and 1940s. Santiago Creek, and the trestle was never rebuilt.” (City of Orange, 2006, pg. 5). Leaving El Modena Social segregation during the 1930s had a isolated from the county’s economic centers and tremendous impact on the Latino community in the PG A06 Figure 4. Local Newspaper Clippings, Source: Jesse La Tour Blog Orange County region. In Orange, for the residents of In the mid-1930s, picking crews Orange County Cypress Street Barrio “isolation and segregation unionized as under the Confederation of Mexican from white residents of Orange were unfortunate Peasants and Workers. They demanded higher facets of life, extending to many popular recreational wages from the growers, better working conditions activities: swimming, baseball and softball, and and labor practices. After growers refused to meet movies” (Gobel, 1991). Mexican American children with the union pickers, on June 11, 1936, the “largest could only use the local public pool on Mondays strike in the history of the citrus industry” began, as “because it was drained on Monday night and were “nearly 3,000 pickers across Orange County walked also restricted from playing ball in public parks” (City out during the height of Valencia season” (Reccow, of Orange, 2006). Gilberto Gonzalez’s 1985 article, 1971). Labor shortages during the peak of the “Segregation of Mexican Children in a Southern season, caused the growers to lose money and California City: The Legacy of Expansionism and the increased tension. When the growers refuse to American Southwest” stated that Hispanic children meet with the pickers for reasonable agreement, were defined as a homogeneous group, whereas violence broke out and many leaders from the strike Anglo children were considered a heterogeneous were arrested (see figure 4). On July 27, 1936, the group. This was based on the argument that strike finally ended, when the Mexican Counsel in Mexican people were culturally or biologically Los Angeles helped negotiate a settlement that predisposed to low levels of mental achievement granted slightly higher wages and an end to and excelled at physical labor and artistic withholding payments.
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