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A Geographical Study of Tribal Population Characteristics in Nashik District, Maharashtra

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A Geographical Study of Tribal Population Characteristics in Nashik District, Maharashtra A GEOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF TRIBAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS IN NASHIK DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA A Thesis Submitted to Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) (Vidyavachaspati) in Geography Under the Faculty of Moral and Social Sciences By ANILKUMAR RAMDAS PATHARE Research Student Under the Guidance of Dr. B. C. VAIDYA Professor in Geography Department of Geography University of Pune, Pune-411007 December, 2013 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the work incorporated in the thesis entitled, “A Geographical Study of Tribal Population Characteristics in Nashik District, Maharashtra” submitted by Mr. Anilkumar R. Pathare for award of Ph.D degree in Geography in faculty of moral and social science to the Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune is his original work which was carried out by the candidate under my guidance and this work has not been submitted previously for any other degree or diploma to this or any other university. The materials obtained from other sources have been duly acknowledged in this thesis. Place : Pune (Dr. B.C.Vaidya) Date : Supervisor Professor in Geography Department of Geography University of Pune, Pune- 411007 ii DECLARATION I hereby declare that the thesis entitled “A Geographical Study of Tribal Population Characteristics in Nashik District, Maharashtra” is the original research work carried out by me under the guidance of Professor B. C. Vaidya for the award of Ph.D. degree in Geography to the Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune. This has been not submitted previously for the award of any degree or diploma in any other university. Place : Pune (Anilkumar R. Pathare) Date : Research student iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am deeply grateful to my respected guide Dr. B. C. Vaidya, Professor, Department of Geography, University of Pune for his unstinted moral support, valuable guidance, kindness, help, encouragement and devotion to my work. I find these words inadequate to express my heartfelt gratitude. I am highly indebted to him. I appreciate to his valuable criticism and concern in the progress and presentation of my thesis and useful suggestions at every stage of this research work. I am grateful to Dr. Shrikant Karlekar, Head, Department of Geography, Dr. Bhagyashri M. Yargop and Dr. Pournima Wate, Head, Ph.D. Section, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune for their valuable support and useful suggestions during my research work. I express my deepest gratitude to Mrs. Chhaya Balkrishna Vaidya for encouragement. I acknowledge with deep gratitude for the kind support given by the Gokhale Education Society Nashik, honorable Sir. Dr. M.S. Gosavi, Secretary G. E. Society, Prof. B. Devrajah and Dr. Deepti Deshpande for providing me an opportunity to complete my research work. I express my sincere gratitude towards the Principal V. N. Suryavanshi, H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College, Nashik who extended esteem co-operation without which the present work would not have been completed. I am also thankful to University Grant Commission for providing Teacher Fellowship and study leave. I express my sincere thanks to Vice-Principals Dr. S. R. Kandelwal and Mrs. Rupan Singh for their unfailing support during my research work. I am thankful to Head, Department of Geography Prof. P. S. Jadhav and other teaching and non-teaching staff. I would like to thanks for administrative staff, Department of Geography, Pune University and Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune for providing necessary facilities for research. A number of people were most helpful in bringing this work, my thanks to Dr. V.B. Gaikwad, Dr. Vishwas Kale, Principal Dr. Dhanesh Kalal, Dr. Pramodkumar Hire, Dr. Pravin Saptarshi, Dr. Subhash Nikam, Mr. Rajendra Pawar, Dr. Vinayak Bhamare, Dr. Sanjay Patil, Dr. Shivaji Pacharane, Dr. Ravindra Shinde, Mr. Dattatraya Durgade, Mr. Ramesh Nannaware, Mr.Vijay Dalvi, Mr. Rajendra Zolekar, Mr. Aanada Khalane, Mrs. Pallavi Shelke, Mr. Asaram Jadhav, Mr. Narendra Gosavi, Mr. Ganesh Sonawane, Mr. Vinayak Pagar, my students and many others for their valuable assistances and suggestions. I am very much thankful iv to Dr. Santosh Bhailume for preparing cartography work. I thanks to Mrs. Tanuja Bhore and Mr. Bhanudas Bhore for typing and editing text of thesis neat and clean. My sincere and heartfelt thanks to various departments like Tribal Development Department Nashik, Tribal Research and Training Institute Pune, International Institute of Population Studies Mumbai, National Rural Development Institute Hyderabad, District Statistic Office Nashik, Library H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College Nashik, Jaykar Library University of Pune for making me easy access to various books, data collection, references and field work during my research. I take the opportunity to record my intellectual gratitude to learned scholars whose materials provided inspiration at different stages. My acknowledgement would not be completed if I didn’t mention my beloved wife prof. Jyoti Pathare and my daughter Sanskriti for unstained support kind co- operation, affectionate, moral support and encouragement during my research work. Finally, I am thankful to my mother Pushplata Pathare and grandmother Laxmibai Pathare, family members, friends and all those who might have inadvertently failed to mention here, but have made positive contribution in successful completion of this research work. (Anilkumar R. Pathare) Research Student v CONTENTS Title Page No. Cover Page i Certificate ii Declaration iii Acknowledgement iv Contents vi List of Tables vii List of Figures ix List of Appendices xiii List of Photographs xiv Chapter I - Introduction 1 to 9 Chapter II- Profile of Study Region 10 to 32 Chapter III- Tribal Population Characteristics 33 to 72 Chapter IV- Assessment of Occupational Structure 73 to 102 Chapter V- Case Studies of Sample Villages 103 to 159 Chapter VI- Tribal Problems and Planning 160 to 171 Chapter VII- Summary And Conclusion 172 to 177 Bibliography 178 to 190 Appendices Photographs vi LIST OF TABLES Table No. Descriptions Page No. 2.1 Temperature at Nashik in 2011. 18 2.2 Average Rainfall at Nashik in 2011. 18 2.3 Density of Population in Nashik District. 20 2.4 Sex Ratio in Nashik District and Maharashtra State 22 2.5 Landuse Pattern in Nashik District 29 3.1 Arithmetic Density of Tribal Population in Nashik District 36 3.2 Percent of Tribal Population in Nashik District 39 3.3 Cumulative Percent of Area and Tribal Population in 2001. 41 3.4 Tribal Population Concentration in Nashik District 42 3.5 Rural Urban Growth in Nashik District 44 3.6 Tribal Population Growth Rate in Nashik District 46 3.7 Tribal Sex Ratio in Nashik District 51 3.8 Rural Tribal Sex Ratio in Nashik District 51 3.9 Urban Tribal Sex Ratio in Nashik District 53 3.10 Age-sex Structure of Tribal Population in Nashik District 55 3.11 Tribal Population Literacy in Nashik District 57 3.12 Male Tribal Literacy in Nashik District 59 3.13 Female Tribal Literacy in Nashik District 61 3.14 Dependency Ratio in Nashik District, 2001 64 3.15 Tribal Composition by Caste in 2001 65 3.16 Age-sex and Education in Tribal Population, 2001 67 3.17 Sex and Education in Tribal Population in 2001 67 4.1 Occupational Structure in Nashik District 74 4.2 Tribal Occupational Structure in Nashik District 75 4.3 Tribal Main Workers in Nashik District 78 4.4 Distribution of Tribal Cultivators in Nashik District 80 4.5 Tribal Agricultural Laboures in Nashik District 81 4.6 Distribution of Tribal Household Industry Workers 83 4.7 Distribution of Tribal Other Workers in Nashik District 84 4.8 Distribution of Tribal Marginal Workers in Nashik District 87 Conti.. vii Table No. Descriptions Page No. 4.9 Distribution of Tribal Non-workers in Nashik District 89 4.10 Sex-wise Distribution of Tribal Main Workers 93 4.11 Sex-wise Tribal Marginal Workers in Nashik District 95 4.12 Sex-wise Tribal Non-workers in Nashik District 97 4.13 Crude Activity Rate of Tribal in Nashik District 98 4.14 General Activity Rate of Tribal in Nashik District 98 5.1 Selection of Sample Villages in Nashik District 104 5.2 Population Characteristics in Kotambi Village 108 5.3 Landuse Pattern in Kotambi Village. 110 5.4 Landholding in Kotambi Village 114 5.5 Population Characteristics in Nanduri Village 121 5.6 Number of Rooms and Sizes of Households at Nanduri 121 5.7 Landuse Pattern in Nanduri Village 124 5.8 Landholdings in Nanduri Village 126 5.9 Population Characteristics in Ramshej Village 130 5.10 Composition of Religion at Ramshej 130 5.11 Sizes of Household at Ramshej 132 5.12 Landuse Pattern in Ramshej Village 135 5.13 Landholding in Ramshej Village 135 5.14 Population Characteristics in Khambale Village 139 5.15 Sizes of Household at Khambale 142 5.16 Landuse Pattern in Khambale Village 144 5.17 Landholdings in Khambale Village 144 5.18 Population Characteristics in Behed Village 148 5.19 Landuse Pattern in Behed Village 154 5.20 Landholdings in Behed Village 154 6.1 Budgetary Provision on Tribal Development in Maharashtra 161 6.2 Sector-wise Distribution of Outlay for 2013-2014 164 viii LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No. Descriptions Page No. 1.1 Location of Study Region 6 2.1 Physiographical Divisions of Nashik District 11 2.2 Drainage Pattern in Nashik District 14 2.3 Soil Types in Nashik District 16 2.4/A Average Temperature at Nashik 17 2.4/B Monthly Average Rainfall at Nashik 17 2.5 Rainfall Distribution in Nashik District 19 2.6 Distribution of Forest in Nashik District 21 2.7 Population Density in Nashik District 23 2.8 Population Growth in Nashik district 24 2.9 Tahsil-wise Population
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