CHAPTER I. Research Methodology & Profile of Kalwan Taluka Contents

C H A P T E R I. Research Methodology & Profile of Kalwan Taluka Contents 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Selection of Sugar Factory 1.3 Objectives of the Study 1.4 Statements of Hypothesis 1.5 Methodology 1.5.1 iSelection of Sample Villages 1.5.2 Method of Sample Selection (Households) 1.6 Procedure of Data Collection 1.6.1 Primary Data 1.6.2 Collection of Secondary Data 1.7 Analysis and Interpretation of Data 1.8 Limitation of the Study 1.9 Chapter Scheme of the Study I.lO.Kalwan Taluka - A Profile 1.10.1 Location 1.10.2 Climate 1.10.3 Rainfall 1.10.4 Soils 1.10.5 Land use pattern 1.10.6 Inrigation 1.10.7 Population 1.10.8 Working and Dependent Population. 1.10.9 Occupational Distribution of Working Population. 1.10.10 Livestock Population 1.10.11 Cropping pattern 1.10.12 Availability of amenities Chapter-1 Research Methodology and Profile of Kalwan Taluka. 1.1 Introduction The root of cooperation can be traced as far back as the beginning of human civilization. Cooperation as a subject has attracted the attention of social reformers, economists, sociologists, politicians, theologists and cooperators alike e\er since its inception as a form of business organisation in the middle of the nineteenth centur)^ The cooperative movement came on the Indian scene when the situation was full of contradictions, when freedom was a distinct goal, when democracy was a misnomer in the country and exploitation of all kinds was the order of the day*. Cooperatives have been used as an instrument of all round development of the economy in India and in many parts of the world and it also prepared a ground for the nourishment of democratic socialism. The cooperative method has been accepted as indispensable instrument of democratic planning and as an important medium for regeneration of the socio economic life The sugar industry being the second largest organised agro industry in India plays a vital role in the economy of India, and especially in Maharashtra. Usually, it is located in the rural area owing to the bulky and highly perishable nature of the raw material, i.e. sugar cane. The agro industry leaves a deep impact on the rural economy, for Math the development in agriculture it is felt necessary to start and promote related agro industries. These industries not only convert the agricultural goods into finished product but also add value to the basic product. The sugar cooperative in Maharashtra state has become a catalyst for all round development in rural area. Many cooperative sugar factories have made a greater contribution to the economic and social development of their areas according to the regional requirement. Some have been specially innovaUon in this respect. These factories are instrumental in establishing educational institutions, hospitals, dair>' and poultry' units, laboratories, consumer stores, cooperative banks, libraries, recreation centre etc. In fact, it would be no exaggeration to sa>’ that these sugar factories have taken over virtually all the welfare functions of the state in their areas of operation. If not for their initiative these area would have remained w'ithout these facilities for many ypars. The under developed character of the rural area covered (?> the cooperativ e sugar factories is undergoing tremendous change. Taking into consideration the importance of sugar industry in the rural economy, a number of researchers have worked on the various aspects of sugar industry, such as the development, prospects and problems of the industry, working conditions for workers in the industry, impact on the standard of living of farmers the importance of sugar cooperatives in the rural economy and other such aspects. Several case studies have also been attempted to analyse their overall economic impact on the rural economy. The present case study is also one of such attempts. 1.2 Selection of The Sugar Factory The researcher has selected Vasant Dada Patil Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., Gyandeodada nagar, situated in Kalwan taluka of Nashik district (it is now in the newly created Deola taluka) in the state of Maharashtra. Such a fairly well developed sugar factory is likely to have a significant impact on the rural economy. It is a fact that there is no other large-scale organised industry in Kalwan taluka except the Karkhana. The estabhshment of the Karkhana is the major source of bringing about visible socio economic changes in the taluka. It is necessary to explain as to why a particular sugar factory viz. VD P S S K Ltd., Vithewadi factory was selected fi-om the cooperative sector selected for the study though there were seven sugar factories in the Nashik district of which only one is in the private sector working on joint stock company form of organisation In the first place, we shall see why a sugar factory firom the cooperative sector was selected and not jfrom the private sector. A factory firom the cooperative sector carries a good nany benefits for a^culturists in general. The reasons for considering the Vasant Dada Patil sugar cooperative factory fi-om amongst the six cooperative sugar factories of Nashik district for detailed investigation are as follows. 1) The Vasant Dada Patil cooperative sugar factory was established about 18 years ago, whereas others were established nearly 25 to 35 years ago. It was difficult to assess working of old factories on account of vast time series data that might have been difficult to analyse for an individual researcher. The selection of Vasant Dada Patil sugar factory for the purpose of study was made on the grounds of easy access and availabilit>' of reliable data for a much shorter period. 2) Secondly, it is found that though the factory was established in the recent past, it has developed itself quite efficiently and secured a sound financial positioiL For instance, the crushing capacity of the sugar factory was 1250 metric tonnes in the beginning. This has now been increased to 2500 M T in 1993-94. This is apparently one of the factors indicating the efficiency of the Vasant Dada Patil Sugar Factory. Such a factory is likely to have a significant impact on the rural economy of its surrounding area. 3) V D P S S K is the major source in bringing about the socio economic change in the taluka. Another reason is that the researcher is a resident of Karkhana command area and has minutely observed the multifarious eflfects of the Karkhana. Hence, for the purpose of convenience, this factory was selected as a representative sample. Researcher hope that this case study will give a fairly good idea of all round development in the long run by a cooperative sugar factory in its command area. 1J Objectives of the Study. The present study essentially highlights the transformation of the rural economy with special reference to agriculture, industry, trade and commerce employment generation infrastructure developments, etc, consequent upon the establishment of the cooperative sugar factory in Kalwan taluka of Nashik district. The principal object of this study is to examine the effects of a cooperative sugar factory on the socio economic transformation of the surrounding rural economy. In more precise terms, the following are the objectives of the study. i. To study the working and progress of VDPSS Karkhana Ltd. ii. To examine the changes in cropping pattern production and productivity of agriculture sector of Kalwan taluka after establishment of the sugar factory. iii. To study the changes in income and standard of living of the farmer in the region. iv. To study the effects of the sugar factory on rural employment. V. To study the development of industry, trade and allied services in and around the Karkhana site, vi. To study the efforts made by the sugar factory for the infmtructure development in the taluka. 1.4: Statements of Hypothesis The present study aims at testing the following statement of hypothesis. (1) The establishment of VDPSS Karkhana has brought about positive socio economic changes in its command area. (2) The progress and performance of the V D P S S Karkhana is more satisfactory as compared to other coojjerative factories in the district. 1.5: Methodology: The main purpose of the present work is to assess the impact of a Cooperative Sugar factory on the socio-economic life of the residents in the command area of the factory. The researcher has adopted the case study method, a micro level study of a V sample sugar cooperative factory. Findings of this work can be generalised for all / other cooperative sugar factories in the state or nation. 1.5.1 Selection o f villages fo r the survey For the purpose of this study, 15 villages were selected from the command area of the VDPSSK. The centres are the villages supplying sugar cane to factory. In order to combat cutthroat competition among the sugar factories in obtaining sugarcane, the Si^arcane Control Order in 1966 was promulgated. The Order distributed the sugarcane supplying villages among the factories as cane feeding centres. According to the Sugarcane Control Order, there are 289 vill^es in the command area of this factory^ Of these, 175 are from the neighbouring talukas such as Baglan, Malegaon, Chandwad and Deola. 15 sample villages were randomly selected as 5 % sample of for the total 289 villages, in proportion of \allages from 5 talukas for the propose of this study. The names of these villages are Nivane. Bhendi Pale’. Abhona. Belbare. Kalamathe'. Kandhane'^. Satana, Dang-saundhane. Dasane^. Vithewadi\ Bhaur^, Chinchawad'. Saundane'* and Rahud^. 1.5.2 Method o f sample selection The villages and the beneficiary members form these villages were selected by random sampling method.

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