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KEN SARO-WIWA: Arte E Ativismo Na Luta Por Justiça Ambiental

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KEN SARO-WIWA: Arte E Ativismo Na Luta Por Justiça Ambiental KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental ARTE E ATIVISMO NA LUTA POR JUSTIÇA AMBIENTAL 1 KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO CONSELHO EDITORIAL DE SANTA CATARINA | UDESC Marcia Silveira Kroeff | Presidente Dilmar Baretta Alexandre M. de Paula Dias | CESFI Reitor Fernanda Simões Vieira Guimarães Luiz Antonio Ferreira Coelho Torres | CEFID Vice-Reitor Giovanni Lemos de Mello | CERES Janine Kniess | CCT Marilha dos Santos Monique Vandresen | CEART Pró-Reitor de Administração Nilson Ribeiro Modro | CEPLAN Márcio Metzener Rafael Tezza | ESAG Pró-Reitor de Planejamento Renan Thiago Campestrini | CEAVI Rosana Amora Ascari | CEO Nerio Amboni Roselaine Ripa | CEAD Pró-Reitor de Ensino Silvia Maria Fávero Arend | FAED Mayco Morais Nunes Veraldo Liesenberg | CAV Pró-Reitor de Extensão, Cultura Produção Editorial e Comunidade Editora Udesc Letícia Sequinatto Diagramação Pró-Reitor de Pesquisa e Pós- Chris Dalla Costa Graduação Ilustrações Thaís Nozaki EDITORA UDESC Marcia Silveira Kroeff EDITORA UDESC Coordenadora Fone: (48) 3664-8100 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.udesc.br/editorauniversitaria D231k Dassoler, Elisa Ken Saro-Wiwa: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental/ Elisa Dassoler. – Florianópolis: UDESC, 2020. 224 p. : il. Inclui referências. ISBN: 978-65-990474 -8-0 1. Biografia - Artistas . 2. Racismo. 3. Nativos. 4. Proteção Ambiental. EDITORA I. Título. CDD: 709.2 - 20. ed. Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Bibliotecária Mariana O. S. Pfleger CRB 14/1243 Biblioteca Central2 da UDESC 3 KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental Três amigas somaram neste livro. Agradeço à Thaís AGRADECIMENTOS Nozaki, pela criação desta maravilhosa xilogravura; à Manoela dos Anjos Afonso Rodrigues, pela escrita emocionante e afetuosa do prefácio; e à Mariana uitas pessoas e instituições colaboraram para Rubiano, pelo diálogo e profundidade nas reflexões que este trabalho se concretizasse. Agradeço tecidas no posfácio. o apoio da minha família, em especial aos Agradeço também ao dedicado trabalho da meus pais, Emir e Ester Dassoler, e ao meu Editora da UDESC, em especial à Chris Dalla Costa e companheiro, Tiê Alves, pelo carinho e incentivo. Marcia Silveira Kroeff. MÀ CAPES, pela concessão de bolsas de pesquisa no Mergulhar na história de Ken Saro-Wiwa por Brasil e no exterior, e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em meio da narrativa daqueles que lutam para que sua Artes Visuais da UDESC, por ter acolhido meu projeto com história não seja esquecida foi um presente que a entusiasmo e ter me proporcionado muitos ensinamentos vida me deu. Agradeço aos integrantes do coletivo ao longo do curso. Em especial, quero agradecer à Platform, por compartilharem comigo os desafios minha orientadora, professora Célia Antonacci, que de seus projetos artísticos; à artista nigeriana Sokari com muito afeto e conhecimento compartilhou comigo Douglas Camp, autora do memorial The Battle Bus, as dores e as delícias da vida acadêmica. Também aos pelo carinho e apoio na divulgação do meu filme; e ao meus colegas do Grupo de Pesquisa Poéticas do Urbano estimado povo ogoni, em especial a Lazarus Tamana, pela leveza dos momentos juntos. do MOSOP, e à família de Ken Saro-Wiwa, pela gentil Ao professor David Cross, pela cuidadosa recepção do meu trabalho. supervisão do meu estágio na University of the Arts Dedico este livro à memória dos Nove Ogonis e ao London, e aos meus colegas dessa instituição pelas filho mais velho de Ken Saro-Wiwa, Ken Wiwa. Estrelas riquíssimas trocas interculturais. brilham no céu de Ogoni. 4 5 KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental AS LUTAS DE KEN SARO-WIWA EM DEFESA DE SEU POVO OGONI SÃO UM FAROL PARA AS PESSOAS EM TODO O MUNDO. A DETERMINAÇÃO EM MANTER VIVA A SUA MEMÓRIA CONSTITUI UMA LUTA PARA IMAGINAR E CRIAR UM FUTURO SEM OS ESTRAGOS DO RACISMO, DO GENOCÍDIO E DO DESRESPEITO ABSOLUTO PELO MEIO AMBIENTE. DEVEMOS PENSAR NO PAPEL DA ARTE NA CRIAÇÃO DA MEMÓRIA HISTÓRICA – COMO OS ARTISTAS PODEM ENRIQUECER A NOSSA COMPREENSÃO DO PASSADO E DO PRESENTE E EMPURRAR-NOS PARA UM FUTURO MELHOR. OS ARTISTAS PODEM NOS ENCORAJAR A SONHAR DE UMA MANEIRA RADICALMENTE DIFERENTE. Trecho do discurso da filósofa e ativista Angela Davis na inauguração do Memorial The Battle Bus, de Sokari Douglas Camp, para o projeto Remember Saro-Wiwa, do coletivo de arte Platform. Londres, 10 de novembro de 2006. 6 7 KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental SUMÁRIO PREFÁCIO por Manoela dos Anjos Afonso Rodrigues ............... 13 APRESENTAÇÃO .................................................... 19 1. INTRODUÇÃO: KEN SARO-WIWA, UM ARTISTA ATIVISTA ................................................................ 27 2. CONHECENDO O DELTA DO NÍGER ................. 38 3. HOLOCAUSTO NEGRO ..................................... 43 4. ÓLEO DE PALMA ............................................... 47 5. ÓLEO DE PEDRA ............................................... 52 6. A SAGA DAS EMPRESAS PETROLÍFERAS .............. 58 7. OGONI: TERRA E POVO .................................... 64 8. INDEPENDÊNCIA, COLONIALISMO INTERNO E GUERRA CIVIL ....................................................... 76 9. SOZABOY ......................................................... 87 10. A GUERRA ECOLÓGICA EM OGONI ............... 97 8 9 KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental 11. ARTE E ATIVISMO .......................................... 109 12. O MOSOP .................................................... 117 13. OGONI DAY: A CELEBRAÇÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA ....................................................... 124 14. O CONLUIO ................................................. 129 15. O BOICOTE ÀS ELEIÇÕES PRESIDENCIAIS ...... 135 16. UM MÊS E UM DIA ........................................ 140 17. O GOLPE DE SANI ABACHA .......................... 147 18. KEN SARO-WIWA VIVE! .................................. 154 REFERÊNCIAS ...................................................... 165 POSFÁCIO por Mariana de Mattos Rubiano ........................... 177 GALERIA.............................................................. 199 CRONOLOGIA .................................................... 213 SOBRE A AUTORA ............................................... 223 10 11 KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental PREFÁCIO m julho de 2015, recebi o primeiro e-mail de Elisa. Ela me perguntava sobre detalhes da vida em Londres, pois deixaria o Brasil em breve para desenvolver parte de sua pesquisa de Edoutorado com o coletivo de arte Platform. O foco da investigação era o ativismo ambiental do artista Ken Saro-Wiwa, assassinado pela ditadura militar da Nigéria em 1995. O que nos ligava naquele momento era o vínculo institucional com a University of the Arts London e com o nosso orientador, David Cross, artista comprometido com a justiça ambiental e, mais recentemente, com os processos de transição da sociedade contemporânea para uma sociedade pós-carbono. David, um inglês apreciador de Paulo Freire, costuma dizer — animadamente — aos seus orientandos: Keep up the good work and be inspired! Hoje, cinco anos depois da primeira troca de mensagens com Elisa, 12 13 KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismo na luta por justiça ambiental KEN SARO-WIWA: arte e ativismoPREFÁCIO na luta por justiça ambiental constato que ela, agora uma amiga, não geopolíticas em jogo — numa narrativa direta apenas produziu uma pesquisa de excelência e envolvente que nos move, informa, emociona que contribui para os debates contemporâneos e convoca à ação. Percebe-se, então, que a sobre meio ambiente em diversas áreas (artes, sinergia entre teoria e prática se dá à medida geografia, educação, cinema, direito, relações que a teoria é tomada como prática social que internacionais, entre outras) como também nos liberta e empodera, individual e coletivamente, inspira por meio dos desdobramentos textuais e como nos ensina bell hooks em seu livro audiovisuais de sua investigação. Ensinando a transgredir. Este livro é um dos resultados da sua Prática da liberdade é também como dedicação não só à pesquisa acadêmica, mas Ken Saro-Wiwa assumiu o fazer artístico e também ao ativismo ambiental e aos processos engajamento político ao longo da sua vida, de criação que, inclusive, deram origem ao exercendo uma práxis profundamente situada documentário Ken Saro-Wiwa, presente!, de e comprometida com o seu lugar de origem: sua autoria. Tive a oportunidade de assistir Ogoni. Esse é também o nome do seu povo, ao filme e de ouvir a autora/diretora durante que ali habita e não separa terra e corpo, a brilhante conferência que proferiu no 28º território e espírito. No entanto, as grandes Encontro Nacional de Pesquisadores em Artes corporações que atuam em nível global a Plásticas (Anpap), realizado em setembro serviço do capital desprezam relações sagradas de 2019, na cidade de Goiás/GO. Naquela e, como os fatos tristemente revelam nesta ocasião, percebi algo muito especial que publicação, corporações predatórias não estão perpassa o trabalho de Elisa como um todo: sua minimamente interessadas em preservar o generosidade acadêmica. Assim como naquela
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