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Pingo Growth and Collapse, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula Area Document généré le 24 sept. 2021 12:21 Géographie physique et Quaternaire Pingo Growth and collapse, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula Area, Western Arctic Coast, Canada: a long-term field study Croissance et affaissement des pingos de la péninsule de Tuktoyaktuk, côte occidentale de l’Arctique, Canada : une étude à long terme Pingowachstum und Pingoeinsturz, Tuktoyaktuk Halbinsel, westarktische Küste, Kanada: Eine Langzeitgeländestudie. J. Ross Mackay Volume 52, numéro 3, 1998 Résumé de l'article Onze pingos ont fait l'objet d'une étude qui comprend des données de URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/004847ar croissance et des relevés détaillés pour des périodes allant de 20 à 26 ans. La DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/004847ar majorité des 1350 pingos, qui constituent peut-être le quart du total mondial, se sont développés dans des fonds de lacs asséchés, sous lesquels se trouvent des Aller au sommaire du numéro dépôts de sable. L'expansion du pergélisol dans ces dépressions lacustres asséchées a provoqué l'expulsion de l'eau interstitielle, le rejet des solutés sous le front de gel, une diminution du point de congélation et l'écoulement, à des Éditeur(s) températures sous 0° C, de l'eau souterraine vers des mares résiduelles, là où croissent les pingos. Sous de nombreux pingos en expansion se trouvent des Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal lentilles d'eau. La glace pure qui se forme lors de la progression du ront de gel dans la lentille d'eau peut comporter des bandes de croissance saisonnières ISSN qui, tout comme les anneaux de croissance des arbres, peuvent être utiles à l'étude des paléoclimats. Les pingos en expansion comportant des lentilles 0705-7199 (imprimé) d'eau sous jacentes peuvent souvent être identifiés à l'aide des caractéristiques 1492-143X (numérique) suivantes : la rupture en périphérie du pingo, l'écoulement printanier, la croissance de buttes cryogènes, des failles normales et des oscillations de la Découvrir la revue hauteur du pingo. Ces caractéristiques, ainsi que d'autres, sont associées à la fracturation hydraulique et la perte en eau de la lentille sous-jacente. Certaines données dérivées de l'étude à long terme de la croissance des pingos sont utiles Citer cet article à l'identification des structures d'affaissement, structures que l'on associe à des paléo-pingos dans des régions actuellement sans pergélisol. Mackay, J. R. (1998). Pingo Growth and collapse, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula Area, Western Arctic Coast, Canada: a long-term field study. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 52(3), 271–323. https://doi.org/10.7202/004847ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal,1998 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. https://www.erudit.org/fr/ Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 1998, vol. 52, n° 3, p. 1- 53, 67 fig., 7 tabl. PINGO GROWTH AND COLLAPSE, TUKTOYAKTUK PENINSULA AREA, WESTERN ARCTIC COAST, CANADA: A LONG-TERM FIELD STUDY* J. Ross MACKAY, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z2. Manuscrit reçu le 7 juillet 1997 ; manuscrit révisé et accepté le 25 novembre 1997 ABSTRACT, 199 8, vol. 52, n° 3, 67 fi g. , 7 tabl ., 52(3), 1998J. R. MACKAY Growth data from precise sur- RÉSUMÉ Croissance et affaissement des ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Pingowachstum veys have been obtained for 11 pingos for pingos de la péninsule de Tuktoyaktuk, côte und Pingoeinsturz, Tuktoyaktuk Halbinsel, periods ranging from 20 to 26 years. Most of occidentale de l’Arctique, Canada : une étu- westarktische Küste, Kanada: Eine Lang- the 1350 pingos, perhaps one quarter of the de à long terme. Onze pingos ont fait l’objet zeitgeländestudie. Wachstumsdaten wurden world’s total, have grown up in the bottoms of d’une étude qui comprend des données de durch exakte Vermessungen für 11 Pingos drained lakes underlain by sands. Perma- croissance et des relevés détaillés pour des über Zeiträume von 20 bis 26 Jahren gewon- frost aggradation on the drained lake bot- périodes allant de 20 à 26 ans. La majorité nen. Die meisten der 1350 Pingos, was viel- toms has resulted in pore water expulsion, des 1350 pingos, qui constituent peut-être le leicht einem Viertel aller Pingos weltweit solute rejection below the freezing front, a quart du total mondial, se sont développés entspricht, sind in entwässerten Seen mit freezing point depression, and groundwater dans des fonds de lacs asséchés, sous les- Sandgrund entstanden. Die Entstehung von flow at below 0°C to one or more residual quels se trouvent des dépôts de sable. L’ex- Permafrost am Grunde dieser Seen hat Po- ponds, the sites of pingo growth. Sub-pingo pansion du pergélisol dans ces dépressions renwasserausschleuderung, Lösungsver- water lenses underlie many growing pingos. lacustres asséchées a provoqué l’expulsion hinderung unter dem Gefrierpunkt, The pure ice which grows by downward de l’eau interstitielle, le rejet des solutés Gefrierpunktserniedrigung und Grundwas- freezing in a sub-pingo water lens may be sous le front de gel, une diminution du point serströmung unter 0 °C zu einem oder meh- composed of seasonal growth bands which, de congélation et l’écoulement, à des tempé- reren zurückgebliebenen Tümpel, die der like tree rings, are of potential use in the ratures sous 0 °C, de l’eau souterraine vers Pingoenstehung dienen, zur Folge. Linsen- study of past climates. Growing pingos un- des mares résiduelles, là où croissent les förmige Wassereinschlüsse unterlagern vie- derlain by sub-pingo water lenses can often pingos. Sous de nombreux pingos en expan- len Pingos während deren Entstehung. Das be identified by features such as peripheral sion se trouvent des lentilles d’eau. La glace reine Eis, das durch tiefengerichtetes Gefrie- pingo rupture, spring flow, frost mound pure qui se forme lors de la progression du ren in den Wassereinschlüssen unter einem growth, normal faulting, and oscillations in front de gel dans la lentille d’eau peut com- Pingo entsteht, kann mit säsonalen Wachs- pingo height. Such features, and others, are porter des bandes de croissance saisonniè- tumsbändern durchsetzt sein. Diese können, associated with hydrofracturing and water res qui, tout comme les anneaux de ähnlich wie Baumringe, in der Paläoklimafor- loss from a sub-pingo water lens. Some of croissance des arbres, peuvent être utiles à schung Verwendung finden. Enstehende the data derived from the long-term study of l’étude des paléoclimats. Les pingos en ex- Pingos, die von linsenförmigen Wasserlin- pingo growth are relevant to the identification pansion comportant des lentilles d’eau sous- sen unterlagert sind, sind oft durch Randriß, of collapse features, interpreted as paleo- jacentes peuvent souvent être identifiés à Quellfluß, Frosthügelwuchs, Verwerfungen pingos, in areas now without permafrost. l’aide des caractéristiques suivantes : la rup- und Schwankungen in der Pingohöhe ge- ture en périphérie du pingo, l’écoulement kennzeichnet. Diese und andere Foremen printanier, la croissance de buttes cryogè- sind mit Wasserdruckriß und Wasserverlust nes, des failles normales et des oscillations der unterlagernden Wasserkammer verbun- de la hauteur du pingo. Ces caractéristiques, den. Ein Teil der durch die Langzeitstudie ainsi que d’autres, sont associées à la frac- des Pingowuchses gewonnenen Daten die- turation hydraulique et la perte en eau de la nen der Erkennung von Einsturzformen, die lentille sous-jacente. Certaines données dé- in Gebieten die heute keinen Permafrost rivées de l’étude à long terme de la croissan- mehr aufweisen als Paläopingos interpretiert ce des pingos sont utiles à l’identification des werden. structures d’affaissement, structures que l’on associe à des paléo-pingos dans des ré- gions actuellement sans pergélisol. * Polar Continental Shelf Contribution 01297 2 J. R. MACKAY INTRODUCTION described in many non-permafrost areas of the world, such as in the United Kingdom (e.g. Watson, 1977), Ireland (e.g. Pingos are intrapermafrost ice-cored hills, typically coni- Mitchell, 1971), many countries in northwest Europe (e.g. De cal in shape, that can grow and persist only in a permafrost Gans, 1988), Canada (e.g. Bik, 1969), the northern United environment. There are about 1350 pingos in the Tuktoyak- States (e.g. Flemal, 1976; Marsh, 1987) and China (Song tuk Peninsula Area, Western Arctic Coast, this comprising and Xia, 1988). The oldest reported pingo-like remnants are the greatest pingo concentration in the world (Fig. 1). The associated with Late Ordovician glacial deposits, more than Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula Area (Fig. 2), which includes Rich- 400 million years old, which extend eastward from Sierra ards Island, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula and the coastal strip Leone, across northern Africa into Saudi Arabia (Beuf et al., south of the Eskimo Lakes, forms part of the Pleistocene 1971; Biju-Duval et al., 1981; Vaslet, 1990; Abed et al., Coastal Plain of the Western Arctic Coast. Most of the Tuk- 1993). Therefore, if these paleo-pingo like remnants can be toyaktuk Peninsula Area is underlain by a thick sequence of identified, with confidence, as those of collapsed pingos, sands (Young et al., 1976; Rampton, 1988). The depth of such remnants provide one of the very few known proofs of undisturbed permafrost ranges from about 500 to 800 m the former existence of permafrost. (Taylor and Judge, 1977; Judge et al., 1979; Allen et al., 1988). The great majority of the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula Area pingos have grown up in the bottoms of lakes that probably drained catastrophically (Mackay, 1988a) if not very rapidly.
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