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A New Species of the Beetle Genus Brachypsectra from the Dominican Republic, with Fossil Connections (Coleoptera: Brachypsectridae)

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A New Species of the Beetle Genus Brachypsectra from the Dominican Republic, with Fossil Connections (Coleoptera: Brachypsectridae) INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No.4, December, 2002 161 A new species of the beetle genus Brachypsectra from the Dominican Republic, with fossil connections (Coleoptera: Brachypsectridae) Robert E. Woodruff Florida State CollectionofArthropods Florida DepartmentofAgriculture and Consumer Services P.O. Box 147100 Gainesville, Florida 32614-7100 ABSTRACT. Withthe descriptionofBrachypsectra uiuafosile n. sp., from the Cabo RojodesertareaofHispaniola, the beetle family Brachypsectridae now contains 4 described species. The family was originally knownfrom the DominicanRepublic by Miocene amberfossils oflarvae. Genitaliaare illustratedfor thefirst time for thefamily. Relationships of the family within the Elateroidea are briefly discussed. Introduction Head (Fig. 1,2,7,8). Visible from above; short, broad, withcentraldepression, slightlycarinateabove The family Brachypsectridae has been an enig­ eyes; surface moderately punctate. Clypeal suture maticone since discoveryanddescriptionofthefirst moderatelyimpressed (Fig. 7,8). Antennae (Fig. 3,7) species, Brachypsectra fuloa (LeConte 1874). Origi­ 11 segmented, antennomeres 4-10 serrate to nearly nallydescribedinthefamily Dascillidae, itwasplaced pectinate; terminal antennomere ovoid. Antennal in a new family Brachypsectridae by Horn (1881). baseinsertedunder narrowedfrons in depressionin Although larvae had been collected as early as 1892 front of the eyes. Head vestiture consisting of re­ (Anonymous, 1908), they were not recognized or curvedsetae,forwardprojecting, nearlyevenlyspaced associated with adults until nearly 40 years later. (about0.75 distanceofsetallength).Mouthparts (Fig. Blair(1930) described 2 newspeciesofBrachypsectra 3) inconspicuous from above; labrum small, oval; from IndiaandSingapore, basedpartlyon specimens mandibles compact, blunt, denselypunctateatbase, rearedfrom larvae collectedfrom beneathtamarind not projecting; maxillary palpi extending beyond bark. This association confirmed the unique body clypeus (Fig. 7-8), apicalsegmentelongate (2.5 times form of these strange larvae. The following year, length of previous segment) and acute. Labial and BovingandCraighead(1931) described andillustrat­ maxillary palpi bright yellow in contrast to darker ed the larva ofB. [ulua LeConte. Thesewere actually mandibles and remainder of venter. Eyes large, no­ mentionedmuchearlier(but notidentified)by Barber ticeablefrom above, nearlyround. (1905). Pronotum (Fig. 1). Convex, broader than long, generallytrapezoidalinoutline, withfront narrower. Brachypsectra vivafosileWoodruff, Posteriorangles projecting(as in Elateridae), basally new species accompaniedby anangular, slightlycurved, carinate ridgefor nearlyonethirdpronotallength. Basalline Holotype male: Dominican Republic: Province of or depression not evident; outline undulating, with Pedernales, Cabo Rojo, Alcoa Headquarters, 3-VlI­ noticeable broad indentation at scutellum. Lateral 1998, R.E. Woodruff& R.M. Baranowski, blacklight marginscomplete, sharplycarinateasin Elateridae. trap. Vestituresimilarto head, butvaryingindirectionas Description.GeneralForm(Fig. 1-2). Similar a "cow lick" pattern. Punctures shallow, nearly uni­ innearlyallrespects to thetypeofthe genus (B. [ulua form insizeandshape, separatedby theirdiameteror LeConte). Color uniformly chestnut brown. Resem­ slightlymore. blingmembersofthefamily Elateridae, butlackinga Elytra(Fig.l). Entire, ovoid, widestinposterior well-developed "click" mechanism. Length 4.0mm two thirds; not acuminate. Striae numbering 9, su­ (total, including head), width 2mm. Body widest turalone forming continuous groove andconnecting behindmiddle, color uniformlytestaceous, withfine, to marginal one. All striae terminating before apex, sparsegoldenvestiture. except suturalandmarginal. Strialintervalsweakly 162 Volume 16, No.4, December, 2002, INSECTAMUNDI Figures 1-6. Scanning electron microscope photographs of Brachypsectra vivafosile n. sp., holotype male: 1) Habitus, dorsal view; 2) Habitus, ventral view; 3) Right antenna, ventral view; 4) Male genitalia, lateral view (ventral at top); 5) Male genitalia, dorsal view; 6) Male genitalia, ventral view. convex, more so near humeri, the 7th weakest in Venter. (Fig. 2, 9,10). Prosternum relatively anterior 2/3, intervals punctate as pronotum, from large, nearly as long as broad, forming the typical which arise about 2 rows of setate each. Shoulders "chinpiece" belowthemouthparts. Intercoxalprocess prominent, rounded, striaedeepernearbase. Scutel­ well-developed(Fig. 9),projectingposteriorlybetween lum slightly convex, nearly triangular or shield­ procoxa, terminatingintruncate apex, appearingto shaped, angles rounded, fittingundera central, basal articulatewithmesosternalfossa, butnotforming the depressionofpronotalmargin.Vestitureofelytra and socalled "click mechanism"ofElateridae(appearance scutellum similar in size to that of head and prono­ only, no observationoflivingbeetles). Mesosternum tum; somewhat denser and projecting posteriorly. short, fossa narrow, the sides setate, projecting Epipleural fold prominent, entire, widest and more posteriorlyfor halfthe length of the metacoxa; cavi­ concave at basal 1/3. Elytral tips not projecting or ties open behind, separated. Mesosternum (Fig. 2) acuminate, but gentlytaperingto apex. long and broad, with central line. Posterior margin INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No.4, December, 2002 163 Figures 7-12. Scanning electron microscope photographs of Brachypsectra vivafosile n. sp., holotype male: 7) Head, anterior view, showing antennal insertions; 8) Mouthparts, anterior view, showing clypeus, mandibles, maxillary palpi; 9) Venter, showing base of legs, procoxae and intercoxal projection, mesocoxae and narrow fossa; 10) Venter, showing posterior legs and abdomen, metacoxae (transverse), trochanter (oval), setation of legs and abdomen; 11) Enlargement of right foretarsus, showing 5 segments and setation; 12) Posterior tarsal claw, ventral view, showing "bull horn" shape and sculpture. diagonal, forming a depression at junction of abdo­ spurs absent, vestituresimilarthroughout (Fig. 10). men, coxae groovedfor receptionofposteriorfemora. Tarsi all 5 segmented; claws not cleft, but widely Legs (Fig. 2, 9-12) long and slender. Femora separated, "bullhorn" shaped, withnoticeablesculp­ broader than tibiae, flattened cylindrical, posterior ture (at high magnification) on each claw (Fig. 12); ones shorter and more convex. Tibiae all narrow, tarsalvestituresimilarto tibiae. elongate (as long as or longerthanfemora), pro- and Abdomen (Fig. 2, 10). Abdomen with 5 free mesotibiae longer than posterior tibiae; terminal visible sternites, first slightlykeeledbetweenmeta- 164 Volume 16, No.4, December, 2002, INSECTAMUNDI coxae. Vestituredenserandmoreobvious thanthatof in Europe(Brodzinsky, pers.comm.), andexactwhere­ dorsum; setae more closely spaced and numerous in abouts areunknown. central portion of first 4 sternites; setae on 5th less Comparison with B. fulva. [Since 2 of the 3 numerous and finer, surface shinier beneath. Ulti­ known species are Asian and extremely rare, they mate visible tergite margin clothed with about 15 werenot availablefor comparison].AlthoughB. oioafos­ exceptionally long setae (at point of genitalic exser­ ile is slightly smaller and slightly darker, it is ex­ tion; about length of parameres; Fig. 5). tremelysimilarto B. fulva. Thethirdantennomereis Male Genitalia(Fig. 4-6). Ofthetypicalelaterid much longer than the fourth in B. fulva, and the type. Parameres broadatbase, terminatingintrun­ serrationbegins on antennomere 5 (Fig.13-14). InB. cate apex, with diagonally, posteriorly projecting vivafosile the third andfourth are similarin length, hook. Clothedwithsparseshortsetae on dorsum and but the serration begins on antennomere 4 (Fig. 3). venter. Central piece (intromittent organ) narrow, All specimens of B. fulva that I have seen are pale cylindrical, acute, projectingbarelybeyondparamere yellow or strawcolored; this maybe natural, or itmay tips. Inlateralview (Fig. 4, venterattop) tips of both be due to factors ofcollectionor preservationor desert structures curved slightly ventrally. Compare with bleachingofdeadspecimens (severalarepartialbod­ Elateridae (Fig. 15,16). ies). All B. vivafosile are uniformly chestnut brown Variation. The type series is remarkably simi­ and vary little; they are all fresh and were collected larin appearance andinallsalientcharacters. Vari­ into 70% isopropyl alcohol and later dry mounted. ation was noted in total length (3.5 to 4.8mm, with Length averaging about Lmm longer inB. fulva. most about 4mm) and width (1.6 to 2.5mm). The width measurements are imprecise, because most Etymology: The name vivafosile is a corruption of specimens were mounted from alcohol and elytra the Spanish/Latinvivaandfosile, inreferenceto the oftenseparateon drying. Lawrence (in litt.) recorded antiquity of this species, which appears to be a true length measurementsfrom 32 maleB. fulva varying "livingfossil". from 3.7 to 6.3mm, with most over 5mm. The 4 females he examinedwerefrom 5 to 7.7mmlong. The Taxonomy: There seems to be no disagreement color is quiteuniform anddarker (chestnut) thanthe amongmodernworkers (Beutel, Crowson, Lawrence) B. fulva (fulvous) examined. Thesedifferences maybe that Brachypsectridae is a valid and unique family. dueto ageor preservation. Minorvariationwasnoted Its exact placement within the Coleoptera is less investiture. certain.A revisionofthefamilyis underwayby Cleide Types. Holotype and 27 (male) paratypes (all Costa, et al., andthe descriptionofthis
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