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Coleoptera: Brachypsectridae) with Comparative Notes on Adults and Larvae

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Coleoptera: Brachypsectridae) with Comparative Notes on Adults and Larvae ARTICLE A new Brachypsectra LeConte from Australia (Coleoptera: Brachypsectridae) with comparative notes on adults and larvae John F. Lawrence¹; Geoffrey B. Monteith² & Chris A.M. Reid³ ¹ Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC). Canberra, ACT, Australia. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2752-3103. E-mail: [email protected] ² Queensland Museum. South Brisbane, QLD, Australia. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0006-0818. E-mail: [email protected] ³ Australian Museum Research Institute (AMRI). Australian Museum. Sydney, NSW, Australia. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1899-9839. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. A new species, Brachypsectra cleidecostae Lawrence, Monteith & Reid sp. nov., is described from Australia on the basis of one reared adult female from inland Queensland and larvae from the type locality and two other widely separated semi-arid localities in South Australia and Western Australia. Two of the four larval collections were from under tree bark and one was from ground litter. The species is differentiated on both adult and larval characters. The broader mandible with reten- tion of a retinacular tooth may indicate a sister relationship with species of the genus from other continents. Key-Words. Australia; Coleoptera; Brachypsectridae; Taxonomy; Biology. INTRODUCTION rarely collected and probably short-lived, and an extraordinary type of larva, which was not associ- The genus Brachypsectra LeConte, 1874, con- ated with adults until 25 years after its first descrip- tains seven named species from widely separated tion by Barber (1905) (Blair, 1930). This larval type localities across the globe, but primarily arid re- is short, broad, flattened, dorsally covered with gions. Among the extant species, Brachypsectra numerous tubercles and tubules bearing complex, fulva LeConte (1874) is known from the southwest- scale-like setae, armed on each side with 14 slen- ern part of North America, B. vivafosile Woodruff der, branched lobes lined with setiferous tubules, (2004) from the Dominican Republic, B. jaechi and with a flexible head and a narrow, elongate, Petrzelkova, Makris & Kundrata (2017) from Turkey, articulated, apically acute ninth tergite. These lar- B. kadleci Hájek (2010) from Iran, B. lampyroides vae are ambush predators, which are capable of Blair (1930) from India and B. fuscula Blair (1930) pinning small arthropods on the dorsal surface from Singapore, while the extinct species, B. mo- between the tail spine and the perforate sucking ronei Branham in Costa et al. (2006) is known from mandibles. Larvae have been shown to construct Miocene amber in the Dominican Republic. In addi- a coarsely meshed pupal enclosure of white silk- tion, an unnamed female and larva are known from en threads connecting the upper and lower sur- Cyprus (Petrzelkova et al., 2017), an extinct larva face of their retreat, and to have a pupal period of from Baltic amber (Klausnitzer, 2009) and an extant about six weeks (Fleenor & Taber, 1999). Further larva from northwestern Australia, first recorded comments on the biology of the North American and figured by Lawrence & Britton (1991) and de- Brachypsectra fulva are given in Costa et al. (2006), scribed in detail by Costa et al. (2006). In the follow- and available information on the habitat and hab- ing paper we describe the first adult, a female, of its of the new species are included below. the Australian species and present further larval Phylogenetic relationships of Brachypsectra notes and records for this species from arid re- have a complex history, which is discussed in some gions in western Queensland and South Australia. detail by Costa et al. (2006). In a cladistic analysis Because of Cleide Costa’s particular interest in this based on over 500 adult and larval characters and family, it is fitting that we name this new species in 359 taxa representing 314 families or subfamilies her honour on the occasion of her 80th birthday. of Coleoptera (Lawrence et al., 2011), the genus Brachypsectra is an unusual genus with relative- formed a clade with Cerophytidae, Eucnemidae ly small, lightly sclerotized and nondescript adults, and Throscidae, sister to Elateridae. In the molec- Pap. Avulsos Zool., 2020; v.60.special-issue: e202060(s.i.).02 ISSN On-Line: 1807-0205 http://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.special-issue.02 ISSN Printed: 0031-1049 http://www.revistas.usp.br/paz ISNI: 0000-0004-0384-1825 http://www.scielo.br/paz Edited by: Sônia A. Casari / Gabriel Biffi http://zoobank.org/42B41A88-EC52-426A-9E66-5F15CB20CF1E Received: 31/07/2019 Accepted: 20/09/2019 Published: 04/03/2020 Pap. Avulsos Zool., 2020; v.60.special-issue: e202060(s.i.).02 Lawrence, J.F. et al.: A new Australian brachypsectrid beetle 2/10 ular study of McKenna et al. (2015), Bayesian analysis pro- Museum’s Microptica Visionary Digital imaging system. duced a cladogram with the above clade sister to the re- Photomicrographs of the Arkaroola larva (Figs. 3A-F) maining elateroid families, excluding Artematopodidae, were observed with a Leica MZ16 stereomicroscope, Omethidae and Telegeusidae. In another analysis by those of the mandible and labium of Brachypsectra Kusy et al. (2018), Brachypsectra was sister to Elateroidea, cleidecostae sp. nov. and B. fulva (Figs. 3G-K) with a Leitz- excluding Artematopodidae, Omethidae, Telegeusidae, Wetzlar compound microscope with 16× and 32× ob- Cerophytidae, Eucnemidae and Throscidae. Until recent- jectives and both were photographed using a Dino-Eye ly, the family Brachypsectridae contained only one ge- AM4023XC Eyepiece Camera (without image stacking). nus, but the extinct genus Vetubrachypsectra Qu & Cai has been discovered in mid-Cretaceous amber deposits of northern Myanmar (Qu et al., 2019), and a second extant RESULTS genus, Asiopsectra Kovalev & Kirejtshuk (2016), has been described, based on two species from Tajikistan and Iran. Brachypsectra cleidecostae sp. nov. The relationships of the latter genus need confirmation. (Figs. 1, 2, 3A-F, 3I, 3K, 5C-F, 6B) Adults of both species appear to be more heavily scle- rotised than any Brachypsectra species, and have elytral Type material: HOLOTYPE: : AUSTRALIA: “QLD: ♀ window punctures, very narrow mandibles, 12-segment- 23.707°S × 141.147°E 6.3 km N of Diamantina NP HQ, ed, bilamellate antennae, projecting, more or less conical 120 m, 03Oct2011, Monteith & Turco, ex bark of gidgee procoxae, and a narrower mesoventrital process with a trees, 39461/adult emerged 17-18.xi.2011” (QMB, Reg. ♀ deep cavity continued posteriorly as a median groove. No. T245515). The dried last larval and pupal exuviae These features are absent in the Australian adult, which of the holotype are card-mounted and stored with the we describe in Brachypsectra. holotype. Differential diagnosis: Distinguishing this species from MATERIALS AND METHODS the seven other described forms currently included in the genus on the basis of a single female is difficult, since Morphological terms and conventions used in the most key characters are based on males, and the two sex- present work are based primarily on those in Costa et al. es in this genus appear to differ considerably, at least in (2006). The adult description is somewhat incomplete, size, shape and antennal structure. The B. cleidecostae fe- because of a reluctance to completely dissect the holo- male at least differs from females of B. fulva with respect type and only known adult. In the larval description and to features listed in Table 1. It also differs from females of diagnosis some attempt has been made to distinguish B. lampyroides and an undescribed species from Cyprus between short setiferous tubercles and long, slender (Petrzelkova et al., 2017) with respect to the size and setiferous tubules; the tubules on the thoracic and pos- pronotal shape (Characters 1 and 2), which are similar to terior lateral abdominal projections are particularly long those features in B. fulva. and have been described as branches. The papillae on the median conical projections of most terga are prob- Description (Adult female): Length 3.8 mm from anteri- ably glandular, although there is no direct evidence for or margin of head to apex of elytra (excluding extended this. We have also called attention to a few larval features abdominal apex); combined pronotal and elytral length which may have no counterpart in other larval types, 1.90 times greatest elytral width. Color yellowish-brown; such as the unusual lateral ecdysial lines or lines of weak- dorsal vestiture of fine, suberect setae. Head transverse, ness on the dorsum of the head in the newly described more or less declined and deeply inserted into protho- species, as well as in B. lampyroides, forming a pair of rax. Eye (Figs. 1E-F) 0.32 times as long as head width post-epicranial plates. One feature used in current larval behind eyes, finely facetted. Antennal insertions com- keys, namely the undivided anterior lateral lobe on ab- pletely exposed, located in large, saucer-like impressions dominal tergum I or I and II, is very difficult to observe separated by slightly more than one diameter. Frontal and may be somewhat variable in the species described area declined; clypeus very short and broad, anteriorly below. Comparisons of adult and larva of the new species emarginate; labrum about 0.5 times as long as wide, 0.35 with those of most described forms are based in part on times as wide as clypeus and broadly rounded at apex. information contained in Costa et al. (2006), Klausnitzer Antennae (Fig. 1E) about 1.4 times as long as head width (2009) and Petrzelkova et al. (2017), but comparisons behind eyes; scape 1.25 times as long as wide, pedicel with Brachypsectra fulva made use of North American about as long as wide, both subglobular but slightly wid- specimens housed in the Australian National Insect er apically; antennomere 3 about 1.2 times as long as Collection, Canberra, ACT, Australia (ANIC).
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