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Fizzling the Plutonium Economy: Origins of the April 1977 Carter Administration Fuel Cycle Policy Transition
Fizzling the Plutonium Economy: Origins of the April 1977 Carter Administration Fuel Cycle Policy Transition The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Williams, Peter King. 2010. Fizzling the Plutonium Economy: Origins of the April 1977 Carter Administration Fuel Cycle Policy Transition. Master's thesis, Harvard University, Extension School. Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37367548 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Fizzling the Plutonium Economy: Origins of the April 1977 Carter Administration Fuel Cycle Policy Transition Peter Williams A Thesis in the Field of History for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University May 2010 © 2010 Peter Williams Abstract This study examines the scientific advocacy that shaped President Carter’s April 1977 policy decision to block the domestic implementation of so-called “plutonium economy” technologies, and thereby mandate the use of an “open” or “once–through” fuel cycle for U.S. nuclear power reactors. This policy transition was controversial, causing friction with U.S. allies, with the nuclear power industry, and with Congress. Early in his presidential campaign, Carter criticized the excessive federal financial commitment to developing plutonium-based reactors and adopted the view that the weapons proliferation risks of plutonium economy technologies were serious and needed to be addressed. -
6. Chemical-Nuclear Propulsion MAE 342 2016
2/12/20 Chemical/Nuclear Propulsion Space System Design, MAE 342, Princeton University Robert Stengel • Thermal rockets • Performance parameters • Propellants and propellant storage Copyright 2016 by Robert Stengel. All rights reserved. For educational use only. http://www.princeton.edu/~stengel/MAE342.html 1 1 Chemical (Thermal) Rockets • Liquid/Gas Propellant –Monopropellant • Cold gas • Catalytic decomposition –Bipropellant • Separate oxidizer and fuel • Hypergolic (spontaneous) • Solid Propellant ignition –Mixed oxidizer and fuel • External ignition –External ignition • Storage –Burn to completion – Ambient temperature and pressure • Hybrid Propellant – Cryogenic –Liquid oxidizer, solid fuel – Pressurized tank –Throttlable –Throttlable –Start/stop cycling –Start/stop cycling 2 2 1 2/12/20 Cold Gas Thruster (used with inert gas) Moog Divert/Attitude Thruster and Valve 3 3 Monopropellant Hydrazine Thruster Aerojet Rocketdyne • Catalytic decomposition produces thrust • Reliable • Low performance • Toxic 4 4 2 2/12/20 Bi-Propellant Rocket Motor Thrust / Motor Weight ~ 70:1 5 5 Hypergolic, Storable Liquid- Propellant Thruster Titan 2 • Spontaneous combustion • Reliable • Corrosive, toxic 6 6 3 2/12/20 Pressure-Fed and Turbopump Engine Cycles Pressure-Fed Gas-Generator Rocket Rocket Cycle Cycle, with Nozzle Cooling 7 7 Staged Combustion Engine Cycles Staged Combustion Full-Flow Staged Rocket Cycle Combustion Rocket Cycle 8 8 4 2/12/20 German V-2 Rocket Motor, Fuel Injectors, and Turbopump 9 9 Combustion Chamber Injectors 10 10 5 2/12/20 -
Next Steps in the Military Uses of Space
Mastering the Ultimate HighGround Next Steps in the Military Uses of Space Benjamin S. Lambeth Prepared for the United States Air Force R Project AIR FORCE Approved for public release; distrubution unlimited The research reported here was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract F49642-01-C-0003. Further information may be obtained from the Strategic Planning Division, Directorate of Plans, Hq USAF. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lambeth, Benjamin S. Mastering the ultimate high ground : next steps in the military uses of space / Benjamin S. Lambeth. p. cm. “MR-1649.” Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8330-3330-1 (pbk.) 1. Astronautics, Military—United States. 2. United States. Air Force. 3. United States—Military policy. I. Rand Corporation. II.Title. UG1523.L35 2003 358'.8'0973—dc21 2002155704 RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND® is a registered trademark. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. © Copyright 2003 RAND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. Published 2003 by RAND 1700 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 201 North Craig Street, Suite 202, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-1516 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org/ To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Email: [email protected] PREFACE This study assesses the military space challenges facing the Air Force and the nation in light of the watershed findings and recom- mendations of the congressionally mandated Space Commission that were released in January 2001. -
Challenging Nuclear Regulatory Commission Inspection Findings Robert M
Georgia State University College of Law Reading Room Law Library Student-Authored Works Law Library 12-1-2011 Challenging Nuclear Regulatory Commission Inspection Findings Robert M. Berryman, P.E. Georgia State University College of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://readingroom.law.gsu.edu/lib_student Part of the Law Commons Institutional Repository Citation Berryman,, Robert M. P.E., "Challenging Nuclear Regulatory Commission Inspection Findings" (2011). Law Library Student-Authored Works. 34. https://readingroom.law.gsu.edu/lib_student/34 This Article was created by a Georgia State University College of Law student for the Advanced Legal Research class. It has been preserved in its original form, and may no longer reflect the current law. It has been uploaded to the Digital Archive @ GSU in a free and open access format for historical purposes. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Challenging Nuclear Regulatory Commission Inspection Findings - LibGuides at Georgia State University College of Law Challenging Nuclear Regulatory Commission Inspection Findings Guide Information Last Updated: Jan 24, 2012 Guide Index Home Guide URL: http://libguides.law.gsu.edu/content.php?pid=258191 Primary Sources Tags: advanced_legal_research Secondary Sources RSS: Subscribe to Updates via RSS Interest Groups and Associations Home Overview The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is granted broad authority relative to the regulation of commercial nuclear power plants. The NRC implements an inspection program consisting of both announced inspections and daily oversight conducted by resident inspectors. In the course of these NRC inspection activities, violations of regulatory requirements may be discovered. The NRC screens these violations of regulatory requirements using the significance determination process (SDP). -
National Reconnaissance Office Review and Redaction Guide
NRO Approved for Release 16 Dec 2010 —Tep-nm.T7ymqtmthitmemf- (u) National Reconnaissance Office Review and Redaction Guide For Automatic Declassification Of 25-Year-Old Information Version 1.0 2008 Edition Approved: Scott F. Large Director DECL ON: 25x1, 20590201 DRV FROM: NRO Classification Guide 6.0, 20 May 2005 NRO Approved for Release 16 Dec 2010 (U) Table of Contents (U) Preface (U) Background 1 (U) General Methodology 2 (U) File Series Exemptions 4 (U) Continued Exemption from Declassification 4 1. (U) Reveal Information that Involves the Application of Intelligence Sources and Methods (25X1) 6 1.1 (U) Document Administration 7 1.2 (U) About the National Reconnaissance Program (NRP) 10 1.2.1 (U) Fact of Satellite Reconnaissance 10 1.2.2 (U) National Reconnaissance Program Information 12 1.2.3 (U) Organizational Relationships 16 1.2.3.1. (U) SAF/SS 16 1.2.3.2. (U) SAF/SP (Program A) 18 1.2.3.3. (U) CIA (Program B) 18 1.2.3.4. (U) Navy (Program C) 19 1.2.3.5. (U) CIA/Air Force (Program D) 19 1.2.3.6. (U) Defense Recon Support Program (DRSP/DSRP) 19 1.3 (U) Satellite Imagery (IMINT) Systems 21 1.3.1 (U) Imagery System Information 21 1.3.2 (U) Non-Operational IMINT Systems 25 1.3.3 (U) Current and Future IMINT Operational Systems 32 1.3.4 (U) Meteorological Forecasting 33 1.3.5 (U) IMINT System Ground Operations 34 1.4 (U) Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) Systems 36 1.4.1 (U) Signals Intelligence System Information 36 1.4.2 (U) Non-Operational SIGINT Systems 38 1.4.3 (U) Current and Future SIGINT Operational Systems 40 1.4.4 (U) SIGINT -
Download Chapter 123KB
Memorial Tributes: Volume 13 FFinalinal TTributeribute VVolol 113.indd3.indd 258258 33/23/10/23/10 33:42:35:42:35 PMPM Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 13 ROBERT C. SEAMANS, JR. 1918–2008 Elected in 1968 “For engineering design and development of airborne systems; technical leadership in the nation’s space program.” BY SHEILA E. WIDNALL ROBERT C. SEAMANS, JR. one of the nation’s outstanding engineering leaders, senior administrator for several federal agencies, and former president of NAE, died on June 28, 2008, at the age of 89. Associate administrator, then associate and deputy administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from 1960 to 1968, Dr. Seamans helped lead the nation’s space program from its infancy to its triumphant Apollo successes. He was secretary of the Air Force from 1969 until 1973 and became president of NAE in 1973. In 1974, he became the fi rst administrator of the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA), predecessor to the U.S. Department of Energy. Robert Seamans was born on October 30, 1918, in Salem, Massachusetts. He attended Lenox School, in Lenox, Massachusetts, and earned a B.S. in engineering from Harvard in 1939, an M.S. in aeronautics and astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1942, and a D.S. in instrumentation from MIT in 1951. As part of his doctoral work, he assisted Charles Stark Draper, a pioneer in gyroscope guidance, in developing tracking systems that enabled Navy ships to target enemy planes. Those systems were later used for missile navigation and eventually to guide Apollo astronauts to the Moon. -
Nuclear-Spent Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Preface and Acknowledgments 5
Nuclear-Spent Science Matters, LLC Science Matters, Bethesda, Maryland Fuel and High-Level Radioactive December 2019 Waste Disposal A Review of Options Considered in the United States An independent report Deepcommissioned Inc. Isolation, by Arjun Makhijani, Ph.D. Table of Contents Preface and Acknowledgments 4 Executive Summary 8 i. Early considerations 9 ii. The 1980 Environmental Impact Statement and geologic disposal 11 iii. Retrospective on the geologic disposal decision 13 iv. The 1982 Nuclear Waste Policy Act 14 v. The Continued Storage Rule 15 vi. Conclusions 16 I. From the 1950s to the mid-1970s 18 i. The 1957 National Research Council Report 20 ii. Lyons, Kansas 26 II. The changing framework in the 1970s 33 i. The energy front 34 ii. A change in nuclear power prospects 35 iii. The Indian nuclear test 38 III. Options for spent-fuel and high-level waste disposal 41 i. Transmutation 45 ii. Disposal in space 48 iii. Ice-sheet disposal 54 iv. Sub-seabed disposal 58 v. Island disposal 61 vi. Well injection 61 vii. Rock melt 64 viii. Disposal in very deep holes 66 ix. Disposal in a mined geologic repository 69 IV. Retrospective on disposal options 78 i. Breeder reactors and reprocessing 80 ii. Reprocessing-dependent disposal approaches 83 iii. Non-reprocessing dependent disposal concepts 88 iv. Deep-vertical borehole disposal 93 v. Horizontal borehole disposal 95 V. The Nuclear Waste Policy Act 98 VI. The NRC’s Continued Storage Rule and geologic isolation 106 i. The Continued Storage Rule 107 ii. Comments on continued storage and geologic isolation 108 VII. -
Spies and Shuttles
Spies and Shuttles University Press of Florida Florida A&M University, Tallahassee Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers Florida International University, Miami Florida State University, Tallahassee New College of Florida, Sarasota University of Central Florida, Orlando University of Florida, Gainesville University of North Florida, Jacksonville University of South Florida, Tampa University of West Florida, Pensacola SPIE S AND SHUTTLE S NASA’s Secret Relationships with the DoD and CIA James E. David Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C., in association with University Press of Florida Gainesville · Tallahassee · Tampa · Boca Raton Pensacola · Orlando · Miami · Jacksonville · Ft. Myers · Sarasota Copyright 2015 by Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper All photographs courtesy of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. This book may be available in an electronic edition. 20 19 18 17 16 15 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data David, James E., 1951– author. Spies and shuttles : NASA’s secret relationships with the DOD and CIA / James David. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8130-4999-1 (cloth) ISBN 978-0-8130-5500-8 (ebook) 1. Astronautics—United States —History. 2. Astronautics, Military—Government policy—United States. 3. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration—History. 4. United States. Department of Defense—History. -
Mr. Harold Finger NETS-2011 Honorary General Chair
Mr. Harold Finger NETS-2011 Honorary General Chair Harold B. Finger has been working as an independent consultant since his retirement in May 1991 from the U.S. Council for Energy Awareness, where he served as President and CEO since January 1983. He is consulting in energy policy and programs, space systems and programs, urban development and housing issues, and government management working with government, industry, and non- profit organizations. Mr. Finger received a BS Degree in Mechanical Engineering from the City College of New York in 1944 and an MS in Aeronautical Engineering from the Case Institute of Technology in 1950. In 1957-1958, he also had special training in Nuclear Engineering at NASA’s predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory in Cleveland, Ohio. After graduating from the City College in 1944, Mr. Finger joined the NACA as an Aeronautical Research Scientist responsible for aircraft engine and compressor and turbine research. He held increasingly responsible positions and in October 1958, when the National Aeronautics and Space Administration was established, he was asked to come to Washington to lead NASA’s space power and nuclear energy programs. From 1960-67, he managed the newly established Space Nuclear Propulsion Office, a joint office of the Atomic Energy Commission and NASA, responsible for nuclear rocket propulsion development while also serving as Director of NASA’s Space Power and Nuclear Systems. (He’ll be discussing the accomplishments of those programs in providing a capability for deep space exploration in the opening session of the 2011 NETS Program.) In 1965, he was also appointed Director of the AEC’s Space Nuclear Systems Division including responsibility for radioisotope and reactor power systems. -
Affordable Housing
Joint Center for Housing Studies Harvard University History Lessons for Today’s Housing Policy The Political Processes of Making Low-Income Housing Policy Alexander von Hoffman August 2012 Wl2-5 The research for this paper was conducted with the support of the Rockefeller Foundation. © by Alexander von Hoffman. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Any opinions expressed are those of the author and not those of the Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University or of any of the persons or organizations providing support to the Joint Center for Housing Studies. This is a preprint of an article whose final and definitive form has been published in Housing Policy Debate © 2012 copyright Taylor & Francis: Table of Contents I. Introduction………………………….………………………………...............1 II. Housing Policy in the Great Economic Crisis………………………...............2 III. The Postwar Housing Crisis…………………………………………………..10 IV. Housing Remedies for the Urban Crisis………………………………………17 V. Policy Crisis and the Long Winding Road to a New Approach………………27 VI. Some Lessons from History for Promoting a New Rental Housing Policy.….41 I. INTRODUCTION History offers valuable lessons to policy makers. Among other lessons, it teaches us the reasons that the government adopted the programs that constitute the current housing policy landscape. The political strategies that succeeded in the past illuminate the possibilities for winning approval for and enacting new policies today. In recent American history, four crises related to housing led the United States government to initiate large-scale housing programs for low-and moderate-income Americans. -
Bibliography on Saskatchewan Uranium Inquiries and the Northern and Global Impact of the Uranium Industry
University of Regina iNis-mf—13125 __ CA9200098 Prairie Justice Research Bibliography on Saskatchewan Uranium Inquiries and The Northern and Global Impact of the Uranium Industry :• IN THF PimhlC INTEREST BIBLIOGRAPHY ON SASKATCHEWAN URANIUM INQUIRIES AND THE NORTHERN AND GLOBAL IMPACT OF THE URANIUM INDUSTRY Jim Harding, B.A. (Hons.), M.A., Ph.D. Director, Prairie Justice Research Beryl Forgay, B.Ed., B.HE., M.A. Research Officer, Prairie Justice Research Mary Gianoli, B.Ed. Research Co-ordinator, Prairie Justice Research Cover Design: Rick Coffin Published by PRAIRIE JUSTICE RESEARCH 1988 SERIES: IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST (Research Report No. 1) Published by: Prairie Justice Research Room 515 Library Building University of Regina Regina, Saskatchewan Canada S4S OA2 Cataloguing in Publication Data Harding, Jim, 1941- Bibliography on Saskatchewan uranium inquiries and the northern and global impact of the uranium industry ISBN 0-7731-0052-0 I. Uranium mines and mining - Environmental aspects - Saskatchewan - Bibliography. 2. Uranium industry - Environmental aspects - Saskatchewan - Bibliography. 3. Uranium industry - Government policy - Saskatchewan - Bibliography. I. Forgay. Beryl, 1926- II. University of Regina. Prairie Justice Research. III. Title. Z6738.U7H37 1986 016.3637'384 C86-091166-: ISBN 0-7731-0135 (Set) This is a publication of Prairie Justice Research at the University of Regina. Prairie Justice Research is funded by an operating contract with the Ministry of the Solicitor General and has the capacity to conduct socio-legal research for a diverse range of constituencies. For further informaiton contact: Dr. Jim Harding Director Prairie Justice Research Library Building University of Regina Regina, Saskatchewan Canada S4S 0A2 (306) 584-4064 NOTE: This research project was funded through "Human Context of Science and Technology" strategic grants of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. -
02 Msc 1965 0100 Ocr
EMERGENCY NUMBERS FIRE . CLEAR LAKE EMERGENCY (To Report Fires Only) ............................ 3211 ADMINISTRATIVE .............................................................. 4658 FIRE. ELLINGTON AFB .......................................................... 7229 SECURITY GUARD· CLEAR LAKE ........................................ 2691 MEDICAL EMERGENCY NUMBERS NORMAL DUTY HOURS DISPENSARY· CLEAR LAKE, BUILDING 8 MAJOR INJURIES, DISASTER ........................................ 3815 MINOR INJURIES, ILLNESSES ........................................ 4111 NASA AMBULANCE .......................................................... 4111 DISPENSARY ANNEX· ELLINGTON AFB, BUILDING 339 EMERGENCY ...................................................................... 7715 OTHER THAM NORMAL DUTY HOURS To reach the MEDICAL DUTY OFFICER or NASA AMBULANCE call the: TELECOMMUNICATIONS BRANCH DUTY OFFICER .. 3911 FIRE DEPARTMENT (Oxygen or Resuscitator) ............ 3211 THIS DIRECTORY IS GOVERNMENT PROPERTY AND IS PUBLISHED FOR NASA USE. IT WILL MOT BE DISTRIBUTED INDISCRIMINATELY, HOR TO NOH-NASA ACTIVITIES EXCEPT WHEN SUCH DISTRIBUTION CAM BE JUSTIFIED AS BEING BENEFICIAL TO NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER TELEPHONE DIRECTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS General Information . • • • ii Long Distance Calls . iii Federal T elccommunicotions System (FTS) iii Leased Lines . iii Collstoothercities .......................... xi Definitions of Abbreviations . xii Site Mop . xiii Official MSC Routing Symbols . .. xiv Official Addresses . xxi Organizational Directory