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Short Communication Comparison of Fish Species Diversity in Dalaki and Helleh Rivers of the Persis Basin in Bushehr Province

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Short Communication Comparison of Fish Species Diversity in Dalaki and Helleh Rivers of the Persis Basin in Bushehr Province Iran. J. Ichthyol. (September 2016), 3(3): 222–228 Received: January 21, 2016 © 2016 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: August 30, 2016 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: 10.7508/iji.2016.02.015 http://www.ijichthyol.org Short communication Comparison of fish species diversity in Dalaki and Helleh Rivers of the Persis basin in Bushehr Province Abdol-Rahim PAZIRA*1, Asghar ABDOLI2, Farshad GHANBARI3, Saeid MOGHDANI3 1Department of Natural Resources- Reproduction and Culture of Aquatics, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran. 2Environmental Science Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 3Young Researchers and Elite Club, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran. * Email: [email protected] Abstract: Fish species diversity in Dalaki and Helleh Rivers which are parts of the Persis basin of Bushehr Province, was investigated from January 2013 to February 2014. Twelve species belonging to 6 families (Cyprinidae, Sisoridae, Mastacembelidae, Gobiidae, Mugilidae and Sparidae) were identified. The results indicated that Cyprinidae has the most frequencies in Dalaki River and Mugilidae has the most frequencies in Helleh River. Mastacembelidae and Sisoridae families in Dalaki River have the least frequencies and Mastacembelidae and Cyprinidae families have the least frequencies in Helleh River. Capoeta saadii with 33% in Dalaki River and Planiliza abu with 36% in Helleh River have the most frequencies, Mastacembelus mastacembelus and Glyptothorax silviae with 2% in Dalaki River and finally M. mastacembelus and Cyprinus carpio with 1% in Helleh River have the least frequencies. Based on the Shannon species diversity index, the most diversity of species in Dalaki and Helleh Rivers was found to be in July and August 2013. Keywords: Cyprinidae, Sisoridae, Gobiidae, Mugilidae, Sparidae, Diversity, Identification, Persian Gulf basin. Citation: Pazira, A.; Abdoli, A.; Ghanbari, F.; Moghdani, S. (2016). Comparison of fish species diversity in Dalaki and Helleh Rivers of the Persis basin in Bushehr province. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 3(3): 222- 228. Introduction exploitation of aquatic organisms and tourist In the study of aquatic ecosystems, investigation and attraction (Hynes 1970). identification of the fishes are considered first, since Bushehr Province has a unique nature and their identification are important to know biological ecological capability due to its especial climatic, aspects and optimal management in sustainable geographical location and its long perennial border operation of resources (Kaymaram 2000). Fresh with the Persian Gulf (Rao 1999). Dalaki and Helleh water fishes based on their ecological nature are a rivers are located in southwest of Iran and are among useful means to study zoogeography and distribution the permanent rivers of Bushehr Province which patterns of aquatic animals (Coad 1996). Rivers are harbor well ichthyodiversity (Esmaeili et al. 2015). the greatest landscape of the earth and considered as From a biogeographic point of view, the Iranian the principal factor in urban, rural, agricultural and plateau is located in the Palearctic region bordering industrial development and also are important from the Oriental and African zones (Coad & Vhlenkin the viewpoint of biodiversity, fishing and 2004). However, based on its ichthyofaunal 222 Pazira et al.- Fish diversity of Dalaki and Helleh Rivers in Bushehr Province composition, the Iranian plateau borders the eastern Mediterranean (Western Palearctic), the southern Asian (Indo-Oriental), and the Ethiopian regions (Armantrout 1980; Coad 1998; Nalbant & Bianco 1998; Esmaeili et al. 2010, 2015; Teimori et al. 2016). Nowadays the uncontrolled development of economic activities in different fields such as the development of industries, agriculture, construction activities along rivers and carrying out great plans of water distribution and dam construction, and the entrance of non-native species have caused a treat to biodiversity of the aquatic organisms including marine and fresh water ecosystem fishes. Therefore, necessity of studies concerning this issue is felt more so that identification of fish species diversity in this respect may help their optimum exploitation and protection. Although different studies have been made concerning fish biodiversity of Iranian inland waters (Berg 1949; Berg 1962; Coad 1980; Coad 1985; Coad 1995; Saadati 1977; Abbasi et al. 1998; Abbasi 2005; Coad 2010; Esmaeili et al. 2010, 2015, 2016; Keivany et al. 2016); still, comprehensive Fig.1. Geographical location of Dalaki and Helleh studies on aquatic ecosystems are needed to obtain rivers in the Persis basin of Bushehr Province. information on fish diversity at three levels (genetic, species and ecosystem). Therefore, this research was (20, 25, 30, 35 and 45mm) and cast nets were used carried out to identify and investigate fish diversity for monthly sampling. The collected fishes were of Bushehr Province parts of the Dalaki and Helleh fixed in 10% formaldehyde and transported to the rivers which are located in the Persis basin of the laboratory and identified using valid identification Persian Gulf. keys (Coad & Abdoli 1993; Coad 1996, 1998, 2015a, 2015b, 2015c; Esmaeili et al. 2014, 2015). Also the Materials and Methods numbers of caught fishes in each stage were recorded The study area: Dalaki and Helleh river tributaries lie in relevant forms. Shannon & Weaver (1949) at longitude 50º to 52º30'E and latitude 28º20' to equation was used to estimate fish species diversity: 30º10'N. Dalaki River is 115km in length and the H= -∑Pi LnPi length of Helleh River is 87km. The Dalaki river Where H is the Shannon index (species diversity) slope is 1.5%, then enters the plain. The length of the and Pi is the relative frequency of species I in the ® ® study course was 200km and 7 stations along the considered sample. Systat 9.0 and Excel 2010 river were selected based on especial conditions of statistical softwares were used for data analysis. the rivers and topography of the area (Fig. 1). Sampling and research method: This research is Results and Discussion carried out during 14 months, from January 2013 to Based on the results, 12 species in 6 families were February 2014. The gill nets with different meshes collected from the Dalaki and Heleh rivers (Table 1). 223 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (September 2016), 3(3): 222-228 Table 1. The caught fishes in Dalaki and Helleh Rivers. Helleh Dalaki Family Species River River Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel, 1843) + + Capoeta saadii (Heckel, 1847) + + Carasobarbus luteus (Heckel, 1843) + + Cyprinidae Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843 + + Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 + - Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) - + Luciobarbus barbulus (Heckel, 1847) - + Gobiidae Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans, 1941 + - Mastacembelidae Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solander, 1794) + + Mugilidae Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) + - Sisoridae Glyptothorax silviae Coad, 1981 - + Sparidae Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013 + - Fig.3. Relative frequency of the collected fish in the Helleh River. Periophthalmus waltoni, C. carpio, P. abu and Fig.2. Relative frequency of the collected fishes in Acanthopagrus arabicus species were not collected the Dalaki River. from Dalaki River. The Dalaki River harbors 8 fish species that the Shannon species diversity index showed that this family Cyprinidae had the most frequency and index reaches its maximum in each station during the Mastacembelidae and Sisoridae families with the warm season i.e. in July and August. The station 7 least frequencies. Capoeta saadii with 33% and had the most species diversity, station 4 the most Mastacembelus mastacembelus and Glyptothorax fluctuation among months of the year and station 1 silviae with 2% have the most and least frequencies, the least species diversity (Fig. 4). respectively (Fig. 2). The Helleh River harbors 9 fish River basins are complex, fulfilling many species that the family Mugilidae had the most important functions ranging from the supply of water frequency and Mastacembelidae and Cyprinidae to households and agriculture to the provision of families with the least frequencies. Planiliza abu with transport routes. They also provide habitat for 36% and M. mastacembelus and Cyprinus carpio different species which provides valuable resources with 1% have the most and least frequencies, for people e.g. fishing and recreation (Smith & respectively (Fig. 3). Luciobarbus barbulus, G. silvia Darwall 2006; Esmaeili et al. 2015). The first step in and Garra rufa were not collected in Helleh River and the management of the natural resources is 224 Pazira et al.- Fish diversity of Dalaki and Helleh Rivers in Bushehr Province Fig.4. Species diversity index of fishes of Dalaki and Helleh Rivers (January 2013 to February 2014). understanding different aspects of the natural nielseni (Nemacheilidae), Aphanius dispar resources and their eco-bio-hydrological behaviors (Cyprinodontidae), Scartelaos tenuis and Boleo- based on feedback between biotic and non-biotic phthalmus dussumieri (Gobiidae) are found in the components (see Bagenal & Tesch 1978) and to do Helleh River, which they did not collected in the this, study of biodiversity is needed. Iran is one of the present study due to mesh size of the used nets. arid regions of the world on basis of various As several factors, including eco-bio- definitions of climatic conditions, vegetation types or hydrological characteristic of the river in different potential for food production. Due to their
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