DOCSLIB.ORG

The Bushehr Hinterland Results of the First Season of the Iranian-British Archaeological Survey of Bushehr Province, November–December 2004

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Bushehr Hinterland Results of the First Season of the Iranian-British Archaeological Survey of Bushehr Province, November–December 2004 THE BUSHEHR HINTERLAND RESULTS OF THE FIRST SEASON OF THE IRANIAN-BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF BUSHEHR PROVINCE, NOVEMBER–DECEMBER 2004 By R.A. Carter, K. Challis, S.M.N. Priestman and H. Tofighian Oxford, Durham, Birmingham and ICAR INTRODUCTION History of Previous Investigations A joint Iranian-British archaeological and geomorpho- Previous work indicated a rich history of occupation on logical survey of Bushehr Province, Iran (Fig. 1) took the Bushehr Peninsula itself. More limited exploration place between 23rd November and 18th December 2004, of the adjacent mainland had also revealed significant as a pilot season to determine the course of future survey occupation, especially during the Elamite and Parthian- and excavation.1 There were three main research aims: Sasanian Periods. Investigations began early in the 19th • To clarify the nature and chronology of coastal century, when the British Residency attracted numerous settlement in the Persian Gulf, and build a chronolog- individuals with an antiquarian interest (Simpson ical and cultural framework for the Bushehr coastal forthcoming). At least eight sites were noted, producing region. large numbers of Sasanian jar burials, often placed in the • To seek evidence for contact between coastal Iran, ground in linear alignments (ibid). In 1913, a French Mesopotamia and the littoral of the Arabian Peninsula delegation began excavating at Tul-e Peytul (ancient during the 6th/5th millennia B.C.E. (known as the Liyan) (Pézard 1914), to investigate cuneiform Chalcolithic, Ubaid and Neolithic Periods in each inscribed bricks found on the surface during the third respective region). quarter of the 19th century, and excavated by Andreas in • To gather data towards establishing the sequence of 1887 (Simpson forthcoming). Pézard described the sea-level change in the Persian Gulf. painted pottery of the mound as “Chalcolithic”, though in fact it belongs to the Kaftari horizon of the late The region was chosen because of its high archaeologi- 3rd/early 2nd millennium B.C.E. (Potts 2003: 159; cal potential, established through previous fieldwork (see Petrie et al. 2005: 67–68; Carter 2003: 34–35). In 1933 below), and specifically because of reports of a Aurel Stein visited Bushehr (Stein 1937: 234–43). He Chalcolithic Ubaid-related site on the Bushehr Peninsula was intrigued by the lack of Chalcolithic sites between (Oates 1983: 255–56). The latter is relevant to previous Minab and Bushehr, and speculated that this was due not and ongoing research on 5th/6th millennium maritime to an absence of occupation but changes in relative sea exchange and coastal occupation, undertaken in Kuwait, level (Stein 1937: 236–37). Unfortunately he was Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab thwarted in his attempts to explore inland Fars and the Emirates (Masry 1974; Oates et al. 1977; Oates 1978; mainland opposite the peninsula. Inizan 1988; Uerpmann and Uerpmann 1996; Jasim Between 1969 and 1971, Andrew Williamson and 1996; Beech et al. 2000; Carter 2002). Martha Prickett surveyed the Peninsula, recording at Because of considerations of access, and because the least 89 individual archaeological sites and picking up Bushehr Peninsula had already been comparatively well abundant pottery (Priestman forthcoming). Williamson studied, the work took place on the mainland. The identified an intensive Sasanian presence, and resulting short survey of the Bushehr hinterland concluded that the impressive remains at Rishahr, 6 km. recorded 56 sites dating from the Chalcolithic through to south of Bushehr town, should be identified with the the Late Islamic Period. The majority were Achaemenid leading Sasanian port, Rev Ardashir (Whitehouse and to Sasanian in date. Areas suitable for more intensive Williamson 1973: 39–41). This was one of the principle survey were identified, and a Chalcolithic site was ports of the Sasanian Empire founded as part of the identified for test excavation in any future season. strategic campaign by Ardashir I to gain mercantile 2 JOURNAL OF PERSIAN STUDIES Fig. 1. The northern Persian Gulf, with mainland Bushehr Province outlined in black. supremacy within the Persian Gulf (Piacentini 1985: Peninsula, which channelled goods from the hinterland 60). Historical texts indicate that it became the main down to the small port of Shif and thence to the peninsula Sasanian trade emporium within the Persian Gulf, as (see below). This route may have had earlier origins. well as the seat of the Nestorian metropolitan of Persis Fieldwork by western archaeologists ceased after (Gropp 1991: 86). Renewed work on Williamson’s 1979, but Iranian archaeologists were busy both before collection is nearing completion (Priestman and Kennet and after the Revolution. The Early Islamic site of 2002; Priestman 2003). Apart from Sasanian and Tawwaj (2004 site code: BH12), north of Borazjan, was Islamic settlements, a Chalcolithic/Ubaid-related site, visited and identified by A. Iqtidari in 1970 (Whitcomb H200, was found at the southern end of the peninsula, at 1987: 333 and n. 31). Professor A. Sarfaraz discovered or near the village of Halileh (Whitehouse and several Achaemenid sites in the region, including a Williamson 1973: 35, n. 32). palace near Borazjan, Char Khab (BH27), which he In 1973 Donald Whitcomb carried out a survey and dated to the later years of Cyrus the Great (Sarfaraz published pottery from two sites on the peninsula and 13 1971–72; Sarfaraz 1973). This was later reinvestigated on the mainland. He dated most of them to the Elamite by the Bushehr Cultural Heritage and Tourism and Partho-Sasanian Periods. Some were reidentified Organisation. Professor Sarfaraz investigated another during the 2004 season. Whitcomb also used aerial Achaemenid Palace at Sang-e Siah (BH48), a site which photography and textual sources to posit the existence of has now been entirely bulldozed. Mr Ismael Yaghma’i a canal system used to supply the Bushehr Peninsula has been conducting survey and excavations since the with water from as early as the Achaemenid Period 1970s at a large group of sites dating to the Achaemenid (Whitcomb 1987: 331). The so-called Angali Canal was to Sasanian periods, outside Deh Qa’ed, a village to the investigated during the 2004 survey and found not to north of Borazjan (BH29–44).2 Together these sites exist. The features observed by Whitcomb relate to a appear to constitute an extensive town, which is road and rail system used to supply the Bushehr discussed further below. IRANIAN-BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF BUSHEHR PROVINCE 3 Fig. 2. Map of the study area, with 5 m. contour lines and sites located on the survey. Fig. 3. Map of study area with survey zones and sites located on the survey. Additionally, the Bushehr Cultural Heritage and Strategic location, geography and geomorphology Tourism organisation has been conducting test excavations at various sites in the region, including at The designated study area extended between the towns Hazar Mardom on the Bushehr Peninsula, at Ziyarat on of Bushehr, Ganaveh, Ahram and Dalaki, measuring c. the south bank of the River Hilleh, and at the fort in 90 km. SE-NW and 60 km. SW-NE at the widest points Ahram. Most recently, Hossein Tofighian carried out (Fig. 2). It consists of a broad plain between the Zagros underwater survey at Bandar-e Rig in 2004, where mountains and the sea, bisected by one major river, the submerged torpedo jars were discovered. These date to Rud-e Hilleh, which flows year-round. This divides between the Parthian and Early Islamic periods. upstream near Sa’adabad into the Rivers Shapur (or 4 JOURNAL OF PERSIAN STUDIES Fig. 4. Distribution of sites of the Early Periods (Chalcolithic to Elamite). Shirin) and Dalaki (Fig. 4). The most significant modern during past episodes of flooding, or when it followed a settlements on the mainland cluster around this system, slightly different course. Several features visible on the particularly near the divide. There are several smaller satellite imagery indicate previous courses for the river, rivers which do not flow year round, the most significant which has meandered across the flat plain. The modern of which are the Shur, just north of the Hilleh, and the course is only maintained by human intervention. Ahram, which flows past the town of Ahram but does not Except in the lowest parts below the 10 m. contour reach the sea. The existence of the perennial river flow is where it is very saline, the alluvial silts are cultivable significant to human occupation and agriculture, given and although barren for much of the year, are farmed the low rainfall of the province. Bushehr Town receives with rain-fed cereals. Although slightly saline, the water only 259 mm. of rainfall annually, and the months of from the Hilleh itself is extracted to feed crops and date June to September are entirely dry (Potts 1999: 14, tab. groves year-round in the areas closer to the river. 2.1). This would allow rain-fed agriculture to take place The effects of the sedimentation regime on the during certain months, but irrigation would be necessary archaeological landscape are significant. The survey for year-round cultivation. showed that, with the exception of a possible The coastal plain exhibits a varied geography, Achaemenid or post-Achaemenid component in an dominated in its lower part by the delta of the River otherwise Sasanian sherd scatter on the Angali Plain,3 Hilleh. Examination of the satellite images (see below) no sites earlier than the Sasanian were found anywhere and ground observations indicate that the current delta, below the 20 m. contour. Earlier sites either did not exist all of the Angali plain and most of the other lower areas below this line, as what is now land would then have of the Bushehr hinterland, consist of alluvial sediments been sea; or they have been buried by alluvium; or they deposited by the Hilleh system, and to a lesser extent the have been washed away as the river shifted course.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Iranian Strategy in Syria
    *SBOJBO4USBUFHZJO4ZSJB #:8JMM'VMUPO KPTFQIIPMMJEBZ 4BN8ZFS BKPJOUSFQPSUCZ"&*ŦT$SJUJDBM5ISFBUT1SPKFDUJ/45*565&'035)&456%:0'8"3 .BZ All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ©2013 by Institute for the Study of War and AEI’s Critical Threats Project Cover Image: Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad, and Hezbollah’s Sheikh Hassan Nasrallah appear together on a poster in Damascus, Syria. Credit: Inter Press Service News Agency Iranian strategy in syria Will Fulton, Joseph Holliday, & Sam wyer May 2013 A joint Report by AEI’s critical threats project & Institute for the Study of War ABOUT US About the Authors Will Fulton is an Analyst and the IRGC Project Team Lead at the Critical Threats Project at the American Enterprise Institute. Joseph Holliday is a Fellow at the Institute for the Study of War. Sam Wyer served as an Iraq Analyst at ISW from September 2012 until February 2013. The authors would like to thank Kim and Fred Kagan, Jessica Lewis, and Aaron Reese for their useful insights throughout the writing and editorial process, and Maggie Rackl for her expert work on formatting and producing this report. We would also like to thank our technology partners Praescient Analytics and Palantir Technologies for providing us with the means and support to do much of the research and analysis used in our work. About the Institute for the Study of War The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) is a non-partisan, non-profit, public policy research organization. ISW advances an informed understanding of military affairs through reliable research, trusted analysis, and innovative education.
    [Show full text]
  • Corruption and Mismanagement Index April 2020
    Corruption and Mismanagement Index April 2020 1 Table of Contents Ahmadinejad's Administration ...................................................................................................................... 3 Rouhani’s Administration .............................................................................................................................. 4 The Judiciary .................................................................................................................................................. 5 The IRGC: A Corrupt Conglomerate .............................................................................................................. 6 Setad Ejraiye Farmane Hazrate Emam (SETAD) ............................................................................................ 6 2 Corruption and Mismanagement Index While many Iranians are languishing under a mismanaged and floundering economy, the Iranian regime has attempted to shift the blame for its citizens’ distress to sanctions implemented by the United States. The reality, however, is that the Iranian economy has long been plagued by the regime’s endemic corruption, economic mismanagement, and reckless foreign policy. Iran ranks 146 out of 180 countries listed on Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index for 2019. Ahmadinejad's Administration Corruption and mismanagement in Iran significantly worsened during the presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, despite the fact that he came to power on a populist, anti-corruption platform. In Ahmadinejad’s
    [Show full text]
  • Iran: the Meeting Point of Corruption and Human Rights Violations
    IRAN: THE MEETING POINT OF CORRUPTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS SUBMISSION TO THE WORKING GROUP ON BUSINESS & HUMAN RIGHTS: CONNECTING THE BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS AND ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENDAS February 2020 1 ▼ Justice for Iran (JFI) is a not-for-profit, non-governmental organ- isation established in 2010 in London, UK. JFI’s mission is to address and eradicate the practice of impunity that empowers officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran to perpetrate widespread human rights viola- tions inside and outside of Iran, and to hold them accountable for their actions. To achieve its mission, JFI researches, documents, reports, and litigates individual cases. It further raises public awareness and participates in human rights advocacy through the UN and the EU. JFI has a specialised business and human rights programme that aims to increase corporate accountability and respect for human rights among businesses and financial actors engaging in export of goods or services, investments and development projects in and from Iran. Website: justiceforiran.org Twitter: @Justice4Iran /@Justice4IranEn Address: 25-27 Bickerton Road, N19 5JT London, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)2072819940 VIOLATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS IRAN: THE MEETING POINT OF CORRUPTION Email: [email protected] 2 ▼ CONTENTS ABOUT THIS SUBMISSION 3 1. PROBLEMATIC OWNERSHIPS AND CORRUPT PRACTICES 4 2. BUSINESSES CONTROLLED BY THE SUPREME LEADER OF IRAN 5 3. UNDUE INFLUENCE AND CORRUPTION IN PUBLIC ENTITIES 6 4. CORRUPT BANKING SYSTEM 7 OF SYRIA DESTRUCTION AND RECONSTRUCTION 5. FRONT (PRIVATE!) COMPANIES AND LONG CHAINS 7 6. LACK OF INDEPENDENT WATCHDOGS AND TRIBUNALS 8 7. LACK OF TRANSPARENCY AND PROTECTION FOR JOURNALISTS 9 AND WHISTLEBLOWERS IRAN: THE MEETING POINT OF CORRUPTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS IRAN: THE MEETING POINT OF CORRUPTION a.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran: Ethnic and Religious Minorities
    Order Code RL34021 Iran: Ethnic and Religious Minorities Updated November 25, 2008 Hussein D. Hassan Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Iran: Ethnic and Religious Minorities Summary Iran is home to approximately 70.5 million people who are ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse. The central authority is dominated by Persians who constitute 51% of Iran’s population. Iranians speak diverse Indo-Iranian, Semitic, Armenian, and Turkic languages. The state religion is Shia, Islam. After installation by Ayatollah Khomeini of an Islamic regime in February 1979, treatment of ethnic and religious minorities grew worse. By summer of 1979, initial violent conflicts erupted between the central authority and members of several tribal, regional, and ethnic minority groups. This initial conflict dashed the hope and expectation of these minorities who were hoping for greater cultural autonomy under the newly created Islamic State. The U.S. State Department’s 2008 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom, released September 19, 2008, cited Iran for widespread serious abuses, including unjust executions, politically motivated abductions by security forces, torture, arbitrary arrest and detention, and arrests of women’s rights activists. According to the State Department’s 2007 Country Report on Human Rights (released on March 11, 2008), Iran’s poor human rights record worsened, and it continued to commit numerous, serious abuses. The government placed severe restrictions on freedom of religion. The report also cited violence and legal and societal discrimination against women, ethnic and religious minorities. Incitement to anti-Semitism also remained a problem. Members of the country’s non-Muslim religious minorities, particularly Baha’is, reported imprisonment, harassment, and intimidation based on their religious beliefs.
    [Show full text]
  • Irreverent Persia
    Irreverent Persia IRANIAN IRANIAN SERIES SERIES Poetry expressing criticism of social, political and cultural life is a vital integral part of IRREVERENT PERSIA Persian literary history. Its principal genres – invective, satire and burlesque – have been INVECTIVE, SATIRICAL AND BURLESQUE POETRY very popular with authors in every age. Despite the rich uninterrupted tradition, such texts FROM THE ORIGINS TO THE TIMURID PERIOD have been little studied and rarely translated. Their irreverent tones range from subtle (10TH TO 15TH CENTURIES) irony to crude direct insults, at times involving the use of outrageous and obscene terms. This anthology includes both major and minor poets from the origins of Persian poetry RICCARDO ZIPOLI (10th century) up to the age of Jâmi (15th century), traditionally considered the last great classical Persian poet. In addition to their historical and linguistic interest, many of these poems deserve to be read for their technical and aesthetic accomplishments, setting them among the masterpieces of Persian literature. Riccardo Zipoli is professor of Persian Language and Literature at Ca’ Foscari University, Venice, where he also teaches Conceiving and Producing Photography. The western cliché about Persian poetry is that it deals with roses, nightingales, wine, hyperbolic love-longing, an awareness of the transience of our existence, and a delicate appreciation of life’s fleeting pleasures. And so a great deal of it does. But there is another side to Persian verse, one that is satirical, sardonic, often obscene, one that delights in ad hominem invective and no-holds barred diatribes. Perhaps surprisingly enough for the uninitiated reader it is frequently the same poets who write both kinds of verse.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribes and Empire on the Margins of Nineteenth-Century Iran
    publications on the near east publications on the near east Poetry’s Voice, Society’s Song: Ottoman Lyric The Transformation of Islamic Art during Poetry by Walter G. Andrews the Sunni Revival by Yasser Tabbaa The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Shiraz in the Age of Hafez: The Glory of Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century a Medieval Persian City by John Limbert by Zeynep Çelik The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi‘i Symbols The Tragedy of Sohráb and Rostám from and Rituals in Modern Iran the Persian National Epic, the Shahname by Kamran Scot Aghaie of Abol-Qasem Ferdowsi, translated by Ottoman Lyric Poetry: An Anthology, Jerome W. Clinton Expanded Edition, edited and translated The Jews in Modern Egypt, 1914–1952 by Walter G. Andrews, Najaat Black, and by Gudrun Krämer Mehmet Kalpaklı Izmir and the Levantine World, 1550–1650 Party Building in the Modern Middle East: by Daniel Goffman The Origins of Competitive and Coercive Rule by Michele Penner Angrist Medieval Agriculture and Islamic Science: The Almanac of a Yemeni Sultan Everyday Life and Consumer Culture by Daniel Martin Varisco in Eighteenth-Century Damascus by James Grehan Rethinking Modernity and National Identity in Turkey, edited by Sibel Bozdog˘an and The City’s Pleasures: Istanbul in the Eigh- Res¸at Kasaba teenth Century by Shirine Hamadeh Slavery and Abolition in the Ottoman Middle Reading Orientalism: Said and the Unsaid East by Ehud R. Toledano by Daniel Martin Varisco Britons in the Ottoman Empire, 1642–1660 The Merchant Houses of Mocha: Trade by Daniel Goffman and Architecture in an Indian Ocean Port by Nancy Um Popular Preaching and Religious Authority in the Medieval Islamic Near East Tribes and Empire on the Margins of Nine- by Jonathan P.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Economic Zones
    Iran's Special Economic Zones Amir Abad Yazd Lorestan Khalij Fars Shahid Rajaee Pars Shiraz Petroshimi Khalij Fars Booshehr Sarakhs Bandar Booshehr Sirjan Salafchegan Payam Arge Jadid Pars Special Economic Energy Zone Headquarters P.O. Box: 75391 - 154,Pars Special Economic Energy Zone Org.,Assaluyeh, Boushehr Province, I.R.Iran Tel: +987727 37 63 30 Fax: +987727 37 63 18 Email: [email protected] Web site: http://pseez.ir Pars Special Economic Energy Zone PSEEZ is located adjacent to Assaluyeh, a village on the Persian Gulf, 280 Km southeast of Bushehr, 570 Km northwest of Bandar Abbas, and a 100 Km away from the offshore southern Pars Gas Fields in the Persian Gulf. Establishment for the utilization of ١٩٩٨ Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) was established in South Pars oil and gas resources and encouraging commercial activities in the field of oil, gas and petrochemical industries. Objectives Facilitating for the on-time execution of various oil and gas projects, providing the appropriate foundation to attract local and foreign partnership with the aim of developing oil, gas and petrochemical industries as well as inter-related and downstream industries, creating local job opportunities and attracting skilled and semi-skilled workforce from neighboring provinces with regards to its positive effects on economic prosperity in the provinces of Bushehr, Fars and Hormozgan. Location .Km ٥٧٠ Km. East of Port of Bushehr and ٣٠٠ This zone is located the Persian Gulf coast and Km. away from the South Pars Gas ١٠٠ West of the Port of Bandar Abbas and approximately Field (Continuation of the Qatar’s Northern Dome).
    [Show full text]
  • Sekandar Amanolahi Curriculum Vitae
    Sekandar Amanolahi Curriculum Vitae Occupation: Professor of Anthropology E-mail: [email protected]; amanolahi @yahoo.com Phone: 89-7136242180, 617-866-9046 Education: A.A., University of Baltimore, 1964 B.A., Sociology, Morgan State University, 1968 M.A., Anthropology, University of Maryland, 1971 Ph.D., Anthropology, Rice University 1974 Scholarships and Research Grants: University of Maryland, scholarship, 1968-70 Rice University, scholarship, 1971-73 National Science Foundation (through Rice University), Research Grant, 1973 Shiraz University (formerly Pahlavi), scholarship, 1974 Shiraz University, Research Grant, 1976-77 Shiraz University, Research Grant, 1978-80 Harvard University, Fellowship, 1984-85 Namazi Foundation, 1984-85 Harvard University, Grant, summer 1988 National Endowment for Humanities Collaborative Grant, 1990-91 Aarhus University (Denmark) Research Foundation, summer 1991 Bergen University, Council for International Cooperation and Development Studies (Norway) 1991-92 Cultural Heritage Foundation (Center for Anthropological Studies), Research Grant, 1996-97 Shiraz University, Research Grant, 1996-97 Shiraz Municipality, Research Grant, 1997-98 Daito Bunka University (Japan) Fellowship, Summer 1999 UNFPA, Research Grant, University of London, Summer 2004. Fields of Special Interest Culture Change, Ethnic Relations, Tribes Pastoral Nomadism, Peasants, Gypsies, Urbanization, Migration, Globalization Courses Taught: Sociocultural Anthropology, Ethnological Theory, Nomadism, Social History of Iran, Kinship and Family, Rural Sociology, Peoples and Cultures of the Middle East, Introductory Physical Anthropology. Publications: 1970 The Baharvand: Former Pastoralist of Iran, unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Rice University. 1974 "The Luti, an Outcast Group of Iran," Rice University Studies, Vol. 61, Mo.2, pp. 1-12 1975 Social Status of Women among the Qashqai (in Persian) Tehran: Women Organization.
    [Show full text]
  • M6.3 - 89Km SE of Bandar Bushehr, Iran 2013-04-09 11:52:50 UTC
    Earthquake Hazards Program M6.3 - 89km SE of Bandar Bushehr, Iran 2013-04-09 11:52:50 UTC PAGER - ORANGE ShakeMap - VIII DYFI? - V Google Earth KML Summary Location and Magnitude contributed by: USGS, NEIC, Golden, Colorado (and predecessors) + - Iran 50 km 28.500°N, 51.591°E 30 mi Depth: 10.0km (6.2mi) Powered by Leaflet Event Time 2013-04-09 11:52:50 UTC 2013-04-09 16:22:50 UTC+04:30 at epicenter 2013-04-09 20:52:50 UTC+09:00 system time Location 28.500°N 51.591°E depth=10.0km (6.2mi) Nearby Cities 89km (55mi) SE of Bandar Bushehr, Iran 92km (57mi) SSE of Borazjan, Iran 103km (64mi) WSW of Firuzabad, Iran 124km (77mi) S of Kazerun, Iran 272km (169mi) NNE of Manama, Bahrain Related Links Additional earthquake information for Iran Earthquake Summary Poster View location in Google Maps Tectonic Summary The April 9, 2013 M6.3 earthquake in southern Iran occurred as result of northeast-southwest oriented thrust-type motion in the shallow crust of the Arabian plate. The depth and style of faulting in this event are consistent with shortening of the shallow Arabian crust within the Zagros Mountains in response to active convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian plates. Because this event is an intraplate event, occurring almost 300 km south of the main plate boundary, and since the event likely did not break the surface, precise identification of the causative fault is difficult at this time. On a broad scale, the seismotectonics of southern Iran are controlled by active convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian tectonic plates.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimation of Schistosomiosis Infection Rate in the Sheep in Shiraz Region, Fars Province, Iran
    Journal of Istanbul Veterınary Scıences Estimation of schistosomiosis infection rate in the sheep in Shiraz region, Fars province, Iran Research Article Gholamreza Karimi1*, Mohammad Abdigoudarzi2 Volume: 4, Issue: 1 1. Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Department of Parasitology, Agricultural Research, April 2020 Education and Extension Organization, (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. 2. Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Pages: 26-30 Institute, Department of Parasitology, Reference Laboratory for ticks and tick borne research, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, (AREEO) Tehran, Iran. Karimi Gh R. ORCOD ID: 0000-0001-8271-5816; Abdigoudarzi M. ORCOD ID: 0000-0002-9239-5972 ABSTRACT Schistosomiosis, due to Schistosoma turkestanicum, is a very important disease. It can cause growth reduction, decrease wool product, reduce meat products and cause weight loss in sheep herds. According to the present records, this disease has spread from the north to the central parts and south of Iran. Stool samples were collected on accidental multiple trials basis from sheep herds, in different seasons of the period of study from 2011 to 2014. The samples were transferred to the laboratory and subjected to direct method and Clayton Lane method. The infection rate was totally 3 percent in the sheep. Different infection rates were observed in seven different places of Dasht Arjan. This rate was from 2 percent in Khane Zenian to 11.2 percent in Chehel Cheshmeh. The minimum number of counted eggs in 1 gram of stool was 1 Article History egg and the maximum counted number of eggs was 6 eggs in 1 gram of stool sample. Received: 10.02.2020 Finally, it should be noted Dashte Arjan is regarded as an infected area and other Accepted: 28.04.2020 Available online: epizootic data on the presence of intermediate host, and different climatological 30.04.2020 factors should also be investigated in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture of Shiraz
    1 AKPIA @ MIT - Studies on ARCHITECTURE, HISTORY & CULTURE History and the Production of the “Culture of Shiraz” Setrag Manoukian Introduction My research project at the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at MIT focused on the production of knowledge in contemporary Shiraz and in particular on some of the most visible products of this evolving concatenation: the buildings and public initiatives that mark the landscape of Shiraz today.1 These diverse products are constructed, presented, and interpreted mainly through the modality of history, which constitutes the main frame of reference to imagine the city and its place within the Iranian nation. Public history The Islamic Republic, since its inception, has devoted many efforts to the control of public space. These efforts have been oriented toward mapping revolutionary discourse onto streets and squares through images, texts, and objects as well as toward conforming existing images, objects, and texts to what were perceived as the tenets of the new state.2 1 I spent January and February 2004 at AKPIA at MIT and found a lively intellectual community that helped me to sharpen my views. I wish to thank Nasser Rabbat, Heghnar Watenpaugh, and Susan Slyomovics for their insights. 2 For descriptions of revolutionary images, texts, and objects and their relevance in the construction of the revolutionary state see Michael M. J. Fischer and Mehdi Abedi, Debat- ing Muslims: Cultural Dialogues in Postmodernity and Tradition (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990) and more specifically Peter Chelkoswski and Hamid Dabashi, Staging a Revolution: The Art of Persuasion in the Islamic Republic of Iran (London: 2 A dispersed set of operations projected a forceful regime of signs, struc- turing a prescriptive field that regulates what can be made public.
    [Show full text]
  • Bushehr: Land of Sun and Sea Haley Asks for Cooperate with Riyadh Bushehr Province Is One of the 31 Provinces of Decertifying Iran’S Iran
    Tomorrow is ours Today’s Weather Call to prayer time in Isfahan Isfahan Tehran Morning call to prayer : ° ° 05:19:38 24 c 37 c Noon call to prayer : 13:01:16 Ahvaz Evening call to prayer: ° 19:38:02 28 c ° 45 c Qibla Direction Qazvin 17 ° c 37 ° c 18 ° c 34 ° c NasPro-environment e NewspaperFarda Thursday|7September 2017 |No.5491 naslfarda naslefardanews 30007232 WWW.NASLEFARDA.NET Page:23 In The News Tehran Ready to Bushehr: Land of Sun and Sea Haley asks for Cooperate with Riyadh Bushehr province is one of the 31 provinces of decertifying Iran’s Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long compliance with to Resolve Muslims’ coastline alongside the Persian Gulf. Problems: Zarif With a provincial capital by the same name, JCPOA ranian Foreign Minister Bushehr has nine cities: Bushehr, Dashtestan, Implying the nature of the IMohammad Javad Zarif said the Dashti, Dayyer, Deylam, Jam, Kangan, Genaveh, US administration’s political country is ready to work with all and Tangestan. approach toward nuclear deal Islamic countries, including Saudi Geographically, the province is divided it into with Iran, US Ambassador to Arabia, to help resolve Muslims’ two regions: the plains in the west and southwest, the UN Nikki Haley laid out problems in the Middle East region and the mountainous region in the north and a case for President Donald and the world.“We are ready to northeast. The weather in the former is very warm Trump to step back from the cooperate with Islamic countries and humid, while the latter has a dry and warm Iran nuclear deal.
    [Show full text]