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IRELAND New Developments, Trends and In-Depth Information on Selected Issues

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IRELAND New Developments, Trends and In-Depth Information on Selected Issues 2006 NATIONAL REPORT (2005 Data) TO THE EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point IRELAND New Developments, Trends and in-depth information on selected issues REITOX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is very much the result of collaborative work within and outside the Drug Misuse Research Division. We would like to thank very sincerely those people working in the drugs area who gave generously of their time to inform us about recent developments in their areas of work. It is not possible to name all these people but the agencies with which they are affiliated are acknowledged as follows: An Garda Síochána Central Treatment List Coroner Service Customs Drug Law Enforcement of the Revenue Commissioners Department of Health and Children Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform Department of Social and Family Affairs Department of Education and Science Garda National Drugs Unit Forensic Science Laboratory Health Service Executive Health Protection Surveillance Centre Addiction service managers, drug treatment facilities and general practitioners General Mortality Register Voluntary and community groups and academic researchers. We would specially like to thank the following: Mr Eddie Arthurs, Dr Joe Barry, Mr Mel Bay, Ms Deirdre Begley, Ms Carmel Brien, Ms Joan Byrne, Ms Caroline Comar, Mr Michael Conroy, Ms Caroline Corr, Dr Des Corrigan, Mr Niall Cullen, Ms Aoife Davey, Ms Aileen Dooley, Ms Cepta Dowling, Dr Brian Farrell, Ms Mary Johnston, Ms Kerry Lawless, Mr Joseph Keating, Dr Eamon Keenan, Dr Alan Kelly, Ms Anna-May Harkin, Ms Mairead Lyons, Mr David Moloney, Mr Niall Morris, Mr Cathal Morgan, Ms Niamh Murphy, Mr Gerry McAleenan, Mr Ruaidhrí McAuliffe, Mr Mel McGiobhan, Dr Saoirse Níc Gabhainn, Detective Superintendent Barry O’Brien, Ms Catherine O'Connor, Dr Kate O’Donnell, Dr Dan O’Driscoll, Ms Joanne Ralph, Dr Bobby Smyth, Dr Bríon Sweeney and Dr Lelia Thornton, Finally, we would like to express our sincere thanks to our colleagues at the Drug Misuse Research Division: Margaret Prele who compiled this document; Lorraine Coleman, Mary Dunne, Sarah Fanagan, Louise Farragher, Brian Galvin, Ena Lynn, Joan Moore and Siobhan Reynolds, who provided a stimulating interdisciplinary milieu, some of the benefits of which, we hope, appear in these pages. Dr Jean Long Senior Researcher This report was written by: Johnny Connolly Martin Keane Jean Long Brigid Pike Hamish Sinclair Please use the following citation: Drug Misuse Research Division (2006) 2006 National Report (2005 data) to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. Ireland: new developments, trends and in-depth information on selected issues. Dublin: Health Research Board. 2 Table of Contents Summary..................................................................................................................4 Part A: New Developments and Trends.................................................................4 Part A: New Developments and Trends............................................................... 11 1. National Policies and Context ...................................................................... 11 2. Drug Use in the Population .......................................................................... 25 3. Prevention ..................................................................................................... 30 4. Problem Drug Use......................................................................................... 38 5. Drug-Related Treatment................................................................................ 41 6. Health Correlates and Consequences ......................................................... 52 7. Responses to Health Correlates and Consequences ................................. 62 8. Social Correlates and Consequences.......................................................... 66 9. Responses to Social Correlates and Consequences.................................. 72 Part B: Selected Issues......................................................................................... 85 11. Drug use and related problems among very young people (<15 years old)87 12. Cocaine and crack – situation and responses ............................................ 96 13 Drugs and driving........................................................................................ 110 Part C ................................................................................................................... 113 14. Bibliography ................................................................................................ 113 3 Summary This report, written following EMCDDA (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction) guidelines,1 is divided into two parts. The first part (Part A) provides an overview of new developments and trends in the drugs area in Ireland for 2005 and, in some cases, for the first six months of 2006. These are covered under the following headings: 1. National policies and context 2. Drug use in the population 3. Prevention 4. Problem drug use 5. Drug-related treatment 6. Health correlates and consequences 7. Responses to health correlates and consequences 8. Social correlates and consequences 9. Responses to social correlates and consequences 10. Drug markets The second part (Part B) examines three specific issues considered to be important at an EU level. The three issues are: 1. Drug use and related problems among very young people 2. Cocaine powder and crack cocaine: situation and responses 3. Drugs and driving Part A: New Developments and Trends • New draft prison rules were published in June 2005. The rules deal with all aspects of prison life, including accommodation, visiting rights, discipline, health and education. The new rules also make provision for the introduction of compulsory or mandatory drug testing of prisoners, • On 1 January 2006 the Railway Safety Commission was established under the Railway Safety Act 2005. The Commission’s powers will include approving the codes of conduct, sampling procedures and support services, which are required to be developed by railway undertakings in respect of testing safety critical workers for the presence of intoxicants. • As of 31 January 2006, the Government has ordered that the possession or sale of so-called ‘magic’ mushrooms are criminal offences under the Misuse of Drugs Act, 1977. • On 1 February 2006 the Courts Service announced that the Drugs Treatment Court is to be put on a permanent footing and extended on a staged basis to all court areas in the Dublin metropolitan district. • On 10 February 2006 the Report of the Garda Síochána Act 2005 Implementation Review Group reported that guidelines for the establishment of Joint Policing Committees had been drafted early in the year. It recommended that there should be up to 12 pilot schemes in a variety of settings before the system is rolled out nationwide in about a year’s time. 1 A copy of the EMCDDA guidelines is available from the EMCDDA’s website at www.emcdda.eu.int The guidelines require each Focal Point to write their National Report in a prescribed format using standard headings and covering each topic using a check list of items. This helps to ensure comparability of reporting across the EU. 4 • The Criminal Justice Act, 2006 was signed into law by the President on 16 July 2006 Some relevant provisions of the Act include: provisions for creating criminal offences in relation to participation in criminal organisations; proposals to strengthen the provisions on the imposition of the 10-year mandatory minimum sentence for drug trafficking; new offences of supplying drugs to prisoners and provisions in relation to a Drug Offenders Register. The Irish Human Rights Commission has raised a number of concerns about some of the provisions of the Act. • In September 2006 a new social partnership agreement was agreed between the Irish government and the social partners. The Agreement addresses drug and alcohol misuse in the context of improving health outcomes for children, addressing the health needs of young adults, and work-related drug testing. • By May 2006 the Minister of State with responsibility for the Drugs Strategy, Noel Ahern, TD, reported that the Regional Drugs Task Forces (RDTFs), first called for in the National Drugs Strategy 2001–2008, would be fully established and operational by the end of 2006. A notable feature of the action plans drawn up by the RDTFs is the integration of responses to drugs and alcohol problem use in the one framework. • In 2006 €43.006 million was voted for the Drugs Initiative, a 15 per cent increase over the 2005 Vote for the Drugs Initiative. The Drugs Initiative includes funding for the local and regional drugs task forces, the Young Persons Facilities and Services Fund (YPFSF), the Premises Initiative, and the Emerging Needs Fund. • In May 2006, in Dáil Éireann (the Irish Parliament), the Minister of State with responsibility for the Drugs Strategy, Noel Ahern TD, estimated that the overall 2006 drugs budget stood at around €200 million. • Within the parameters established by the National Drugs Strategy 2001–2008 and the National Development Plan 2000–2006, public funds are assigned to drug-related initiatives via the annual parliamentary Estimates process. However, the Estimates do not specify the amounts allocated for expenditure by government departments and state agencies specifically on the drugs issue. The exception is the Drugs Initiative. • In October 2005 the results of the 2002/2003
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