Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents

Monday, January 11, 1999 Volume 35—Number 1 Pages 1–34

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Addresses and Remarks Communications to Congress—Continued Budget surplus for fiscal year 1998—10 Steel imports, letter transmitting a Drugs in prison, zero tolerance initiative—5 comprehensive plan for responding to the Health care initiative, long-term—2 increase in—17 Michigan, Economic Club of Detroit—18 Quality after-school programs—14 Statements by the President Radio address—1 African-American farmers, efforts to redress Appointments and Nominations discrimination against—8 Cuba, U.S. policy—7 Advisory Board for Cuba Broadcasting, European currency, launch of new—5 Chairman and members—7 Murder rate, national decline—2 Communications to Congress Supplementary Materials Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), letter reporting on national Acts approved by the President—33 emergency—8 Checklist of White House press releases—33 Hague Convention for the Protection of Digest of other White House Cultural Property in the Event of Armed announcements—29 Conflict—13 Nominations submitted to the Senate—29

Editor’s Note: The President was in Detroit, MI, on January 8, the closing date of this issue. Releases and announcements issued by the Office of the Press Secretary but not received in time for inclusion in this issue will be printed next week.

WEEKLY COMPILATION OF regulations prescribed by the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register, approved by the President (37 FR 23607; 1 CFR Part 10). PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS Distribution is made only by the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Published every Monday by the Office of the Federal Reg- The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents will be ister, National Archives and Records Administration, Washing- furnished by mail to domestic subscribers for $80.00 per year ton, DC 20408, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ($137.00 for mailing first class) and to foreign subscribers for ments contains statements, messages, and other Presidential $93.75 per year, payable to the Superintendent of Documents, materials released by the White House during the preceding Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The week. charge for a single copy is $3.00 ($3.75 for foreign mailing). The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents is pub- There are no restrictions on the republication of material lished pursuant to the authority contained in the Federal Reg- appearing in the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ister Act (49 Stat. 500, as amended; 44 U.S.C. Ch. 15), under ments.

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The President’s Radio Address of life they deserve; and to make certain their January 2, 1999 service is not only rewarding but well re- warded, from recruitment to retirement. Good morning. As we celebrate this last I’m confident our military is ready to fulfill New Year of the 20th century, I want to this mission today. Our troops continue to speak to you about the debt we owe to those execute complex and dangerous missions far who make every season a season of peace from home with flawless precision, as we’ve for America, the men and women of our just seen in the Persian Gulf. Our challenge Armed Forces. is to retain the ability to do this as we carry Almost 1.4 million Americans are serving out our entire defense strategy. our country on active duty today. Nearly a For this reason, we asked Congress to add quarter million of them are overseas, doing $1.1 billion to this year’s budget to keep our what needs to be done as no one else can, readiness razor-sharp and to improve recruit- whether that means thwarting Iraq’s ambi- ment. And Congress did. I’ve also worked tion to threaten its neighbors or the world with our military leaders to ensure their high- with weapons of mass destruction or standing est readiness priorities are reflected in our watch in Korea on the last fortified frontier budget request for the year 2000. of the cold war or safeguarding the peace The budget I will submit to Congress for in Bosnia or helping our neighbors in Central next year will provide an increase of over $12 America or the Caribbean dig out from natu- billion for defense readiness and moderniza- ral disasters or simply giving us the con- tion through a combination of new spending fidence that America will be forever strong, and budgetary savings. This is the start of safe, and secure. a 6-year effort that will represent the first We rely on our Armed Forces because this is still a dangerous world. We’re proud of long-term sustained increase in defense them because they are the best in the world. spending in a decade. And we remember today what makes them We want our Armed Forces to remain the best—not just the quality of our weapons ready to deploy rapidly in any crisis, and that but the quality of our people in uniform. is what this effort will assure, by funding joint Their skill, dedication, and professionalism exercises, flight training, badly needed spare are unstinting, unquestioned, and un- parts, and recruiting for critical positions. We matched. want our forces to remain the best equipped When we give our service men and women in the world into the next century, and that a mission, there is a principle we must keep is what this effort will assure, by paying for in mind: We should never ask them to do the next generation of ships, planes, and what they are not equipped to do, and we weapons systems. It will also enable our mili- should always equip them to do what we ask. tary to play its part in meeting emerging The more we ask, the greater our responsibil- threats to our security such as terrorism and ity to give our troops the support and training proliferation. It will help us to do right by and equipment they need. As Commander our troops by upgrading and replacing aging in Chief, I have no higher duty than this: equipment, barracks, and family housing. It to give our troops the tools to take on new will include a military pay raise of 4.4 per- missions, while maintaining their readiness cent, the largest since 1982, a restructuring to defend our country and defeat any adver- of paid reward performance, and the rein- sary; to make sure they can deploy away from statement of military retirement benefits that home, knowing their families have the quality were taken away over a decade ago.

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We must undertake this effort today so Remarks Announcing a Long-Term that our Nation will remain strong and secure Health Care Initiative tomorrow. We must do it as well because January 4, 1999 we have the most sacred obligation to those who accept dangers and hardships on our be- The President. Thank you, Patricia, for half. your fine statement and for the power of your They are our sons and daughters, husbands example. And we appreciate you and your and wives, friends and neighbors, from cities husband being here today and the work that and towns all over America. We must give you’re doing. them the support they need to keep doing We thank Congressman Hoyer for bring- their jobs well and to keep coming home to ing his constituent here today. And we wel- America, safe and sound. come Senator Reid, Senator Breaux, Senator Thanks for listening, and happy New Year. Specter, Senator Dodd, Senator Wyden, Congressmen Brown, Cardin, Moran, and Cummings. And I’d also like to say, Senator NOTE: The address was recorded at 10:55 a.m. Mikulski has a special interest in this issue on December 30 in the Roosevelt Room at the and wanted to be here today, but could not. White House for broadcast at 10:06 a.m. on Janu- You know, this new year gives us all a sense ary 2. The transcript was made available by the of making a fresh start, a sense of being able Office of the Press Secretary on December 31 to think anew. It should also give us a sense but was embargoed for release until the broadcast. of rededication. I’m delighted to see here, along with the members of our administra- tion, Secretary Rubin, Secretary Shalala, and Statement on the Decline in the Janice Lachance, so many advocates not only National Murder Rate for seniors but for the disabled. January 2, 1999 We need to be looking ahead at the issue that Patricia Darlak described so clearly and The Justice Department study on homi- powerfully, to the challenges that the new cide trends released today shows that Ameri- century will present us, because there will ca’s murder rate has fallen to its lowest level be many, many, many more stories like hers. in 30 years, with much of the decline coming That is the fundamental reality. Already from the drop in youth gun homicides. Our there are millions of people out there helping cities are now the safest they have been in to care for an aged or disabled loved one, a generation. With the help of the ’94 crime but there will be many more like her in the act, cities have replaced gang and gun vio- 21st century. Now, that is, for those of us who are part lence with more police and tougher gun en- of the baby boom generation, what we would forcement, and their efforts are paying off call a high-class problem because we will be in dramatic decreases in homicides. A variety ‘‘them’’—‘‘they’’—we will be ‘‘they.’’ Is that of studies show that crime, and especially the right—but the baby boom is about to be- homicide, should continue to decline into the come a senior boom, and like the baby boom, new year, and that is good news for Ameri- the senior boom will change the face of cans in 1999. But we have more to do, and America. During the next 30 years, 76 million we must stick to our plan. We must finish baby boomers will join the ranks of the re- the job of putting 100,000 more police on tired. The number of elderly Americans will our streets, putting tougher laws on our double by 2030; by the middle of the next books, and providing better opportunities for century, the average American will live to an our young people. age of 82. That’s 6 years longer than the aver- age life expectancy today. NOTE: This statement was made available by the Now, as I said, those of us who hope to Office of the Press Secretary on December 31 be in that group consider that a high-class but was embargoed for release until 4:30 p.m., problem. We also are very encouraged that January 2. people are living stronger, healthier lives. We

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are encouraged that disabled Americans have and disabled loved ones. The size of the sen- more options to live fully and healthily for ior boom demands it. The needs of our dis- a longer period of time. We are encouraged abled population require it. The length of our that all these folks are proving that retire- lives makes it more important than ever and ment can be a beginning as well as an end. so does the sacrifice of American families We see all kinds of people learning new who put the well-being of their relatives ideas, taking up new work, doing new com- above their own. munity services, traveling and going places This is a complicated challenge that re- they never would have imagined before. quires a range of responses. Therefore, to im- But we know that with aging, inevitably, prove long-term care in America and to give come the infirmities of age. Nearly half the it a priority and support these families, we people over 85, one of the fastest growing proposed to do four things: segments of our population, need help with First, to provide a long-term care tax cred- everyday, basic tasks—eating, dressing, going it—$1,000 for people with long-term care to a doctor. We cannot expect that every needs or for the families that shelter them. older American will be able to fend for him- It is far better to devote this money to help self or herself. And the real question is what keep the elderly and the disabled at home are our obligations to help every American than to spend the same amount to pay for get the care that is appropriate for each indi- them to live away from home. And if it makes vidual case? it possible for more people to stay home, it Millions require the care that can only be may well be cheaper, too. Our parents provided in a nursing home. But millions worked and saved and sacrificed for us in more choose to remain at home with family our youth; adult children are now working, and friends. Indeed, the elderly are remain- saving, and sacrificing for their parents in old ing at home in record number. The same age. It is the cycle of life and one we should is true of people with disabilities. Today, mil- recognize and reward. lions and millions of households are caring This targeted tax cut of $1,000, paid for for elderly relatives or even for neighbors. in our balanced budget, would meet the indi- They represent the best of America, fulfilling vidual needs of individual families, a family obligation, often unspoken but deep- supplementing the care they already provide, ly resonant in the American character. empowering them to decide what to do and Providing long-term care at home is more how to do it best. It would help to offset and more a common choice, but as you have the direct cost of long-term care, like home just heard, it is rarely an easy one. Since this health visits and adult day care; as well as kind of care is almost never covered by pri- the indirect costs, like unpaid leave some vate insurance or Medicare, out-of-pocket caregivers must take. The care they provide expenses can be staggering. So, too, are the is invaluable, but we can show that it is val- professional costs. Caregivers who hold jobs ued by our society. outside the home—that is, the vast major- Second, we should create a family care- ity—may have to take unpaid leave or work giver support program, a new national net- fewer hours to fulfill their responsibilities. In work to support people caring for older countless ways, caregiving is vital, meaningful Americans. In decades past, families could work. But as you have heard, it can also be do little for ailing relatives but give them very stressful. shelter and love. But today, because of ad- The First Lady has mentioned some of the vances in science, caregivers tend to every- things we have worked to do to ease the bur- thing, from dialysis to depression, preparing den of families: improving nursing homes, intravenous meals, and insulin injections. strengthening Medicare, making Medicaid This initiative enables States to create one- more flexible. But more will be asked of us stop shops, places caregivers can access the in the 21st century, and more must be done. resources of the community, find technical Today we announce a critical new initiative guidance, obtain respite and adult day care to give care to the caregivers, to help Ameri- services. This is especially important for cans provide long-term care for aging, ailing, those families who are thousands of miles

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away from their loved ones but who still want War II, one of the central worries of my gen- to help. These families want to provide the eration is that, as we age, we will impose best possible care. We want to do everything unsustainable burdens on our children and in our power to help them. undermine their ability to raise our grand- Third, we must educate Medicare bene- children. We must use this time now to do ficiaries about long-term care options. Medi- everything in our power, not only to lift the care does not cover most kinds of long-term quality of life and the security of the aged care, so it is important that beneficiaries un- and disabled today, and the baby boom aged derstand their alternatives. and disabled, but to make sure that we do This initiative helps to answer essential not impose that intolerable burden on our questions efficiently: What are my choices; children. what should I look for in private long-term I have asked the Vice President, who will care insurance policies? By launching a na- speak with us, along with Mrs. Gore, in just tional education campaign, we can help to a moment, to conduct a series of forums ensure people get the answers they need around the country on this initiative, to solicit when they need them and the quality care they deserve. other ideas and reach out to people and to Fourth, I am proposing that the Federal build grassroots support. We want to hear Government, as the Nation’s largest em- from the people of the country about how ployer, use its market leverage to set an ex- we can help to meet the long-term care ample, offering private long-term care insur- needs of their loved ones. ance to Federal employees. By promoting Again, let me thank all the people in the high-quality, affordable care, we can encour- administration who worked on this, the age more people and more companies to in- Members of Congress who are here, the vest in long-term care coverage. We can help members of the aging and disability commu- more employees in every part of our econ- nity who are here. And I thank you, Patricia omy to prepare for the future. Darlak, for your moving statement. Hillary There’s no single solution to the challenges and I have had our own experiences with of caregiving. But together, these initiatives long-term care of our parents—in my case, represent a powerful first step to force the our grandparents. We have seen the Vice kind of changes we need in our society. To President and Mrs. Gore deal with the same fulfill our fundamental obligations to older challenge. So this is a personal thing that I Americans and people with disabilities, we think we feel very deeply. must act together, members of both parties, I’d like to say a special word of apprecia- both branches of Government, putting tion to the Vice President, because he’s had progress above partisanship. I believe there such an interest in our family caregiving pro- is an enormous amount of interest in and gram. He is now going to speak to us from support for this initiative in the Congress, California. He’s coming up on the satellite, and I thank the Members who have come along with Mrs. Gore, and he’s got some folks here today. with him who know quite a bit about this. I hope that the Congress will do many Good morning, Mr. Vice President. The things on this front in the coming session; floor is yours. Good morning, Tipper. I hope these initiatives will pass. Senator Breaux will soon give us a Medicare Reform [At this point, Vice President Al Gore and Commission report. I hope we will save his wife, Tipper, made brief remarks by sat- Medicare for the 21st century. I hope we will ellite.] use the surplus to save Social Security for the 21st century. All of these things will help The President. Thank you very much. I to strengthen America as we go forward. want to thank the Vice President and Tipper, The senior boom is one of the central chal- and also all the folks that are out there with lenges of the coming century. I can tell you them in California, for the example they are that as, literally, the oldest of the baby setting and the initiatives that are being made boomers, those of us born right after World in California. I know the Vice President is

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about to go to the new Governor’s inaugura- good friend Senator Leahy, and Congress- tion out there. You ought to take the oppor- man Rangel. I thank General Reno and Gen- tunity to put in a plug for what we’re doing eral McCaffrey for making it possible for us there. I’m sure you will. [Laughter] to continue to emphasize these things and Ladies and gentlemen, let me say, again, to actually make progress, for being both how grateful I am for all the people who practical and idealistic. worked on this proposal, for the advocates Thank you, Mayor Griffin, for what you for the elderly and the disabled who are here, said and for what you’re doing, and for bring- for the very large representation from Con- ing your police chief, Chief Hoover, here gress. And thank you, again, for the passion with you. and the commitment that you manifested in I want to say, obviously, a special word of your statement and for having the courage appreciation to Kathleen Kennedy Town- to come here and tell us about your situation. send, who has literally redefined what it I hope it will help to change the future of means to be a Lieutenant Governor— America. [laughter]—I would hate to succeed her as God bless you, and happy New Year. Lieutenant Governor of Maryland—[laugh- Thank you. ter]—for her indefatigable energy. I thank the others here from Maryland who are in- NOTE: The President spoke at 11:36 a.m. in the volved in her endeavor. Grand Foyer on the State Floor at the White I’d also like to say a special word of wel- House. In his remarks, he referred to caregiver come to Judge Joel Tauber and all the others Patricia Darlak, who introduced the President, and her husband, Dennis. who are here from the drug courts through- out America. I’ll have more to say about them in a moment, but I am especially grateful Statement on the Launch of the New for their endeavors. European Currency Six years ago, as has already been said, our January 4, 1999 country was at peace, but too many of our communities were at war. Illegal drugs were We welcome the launch of the euro, an ravaging cities on both coasts and the Amer- historic step that 11 nations in Europe have ican heartland in between. Crack and meth- taken toward a more complete Economic and amphetamine use were at near record levels. Monetary Union (EMU). The United States Drug dealers controlled whole neighbor- has long been an advocate for European inte- hoods and thought nothing of opening fire gration, and we admire the steady progress on passing police cars. Many communities that Europe has demonstrated in taking the lived in terror; many children feared walking often difficult budget decisions that make down the street. this union possible. A strong and stable Eu- I actually met, in a school in California— rope, with open markets and robust growth, I’ll never forget this—with a group of chil- is good for America and for the world. A suc- dren who were drilled on how to jump out cessful economic union that contributes to of their desk and hit the floor if they were a dynamic Europe is clearly in our long-term subject to drive-by shootings. It had a searing interests. impact on me. One of the reasons I ran for President was to give those kids their futures back. And all of you have done a lot to give Remarks on the Zero Tolerance for them their futures back, and I’m very grate- Drugs in Prison Initiative ful to you. January 5, 1999 In every successive year, I have proposed a larger antidrug budget. In 1999—we had Thank you very much. Let me begin by a 30-percent increase just between then and just expressing my appreciation to all who 1996, even as we produced the first balanced have spoken and to all who are here for the budget in a generation. Under General years and years and years of commitment you McCaffrey’s leadership, we have put these have manifested in this endeavor. I thank my resources to good use: unprecedented new

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tools for domestic enforcement; unprece- we want to make a dramatic leap forward. dented new campaigns to convince young The balanced budget I will submit to Con- people to stay off drugs—I hope you saw one gress will contain a $215 million zero-toler- of our ads on the football game last night, ance drug program designed to promote if you watched it—unprecedented new ef- drug supervision, our Nation’s most com- forts to stem the flow of drugs across our prehensive effort ever to test and treat not borders; unprecedented new efforts to stop only criminals in prison but also those on pro- the revolving door between the prison and bation and parole. the street. To inmates in every State, we want to send As you’ve heard from Attorney General a message: If you stay on drugs, you must Reno and General McCaffrey, this strategy stay behind bars. To probationers and parol- is working. We do have the lowest crime rate ees, we want to send a message: If you want in 25 years. Drug use is falling. Finally— to keep your freedom, you have to keep free thank goodness—drug use is beginning to fall of drugs. among our young people. Through this initiative, we will also expand But the crime rate is still too high. The our efforts to help communities build and streets are still too violent. There is still too administer drug courts—Charlie Rangel much drug use, especially in our prisons. The mentioned Attorney General Reno’s efforts Mayor of Reno whispered to me when Kath- as a young prosecutor. Many years ago, long leen was talking that Mayor Daley told him before I ever thought I would be standing it was easier to get drugs in the Illinois peni- here as President, because my brother-in-law tentiary than it was on the streets of Chicago. was a public defender in the Miami drug I say this not to criticize the Illinois peniten- court that the Attorney General set up, I tiary; that’s a statement that could be made used to go and visit it in the eighties. I went in more than half the States in this country. So we still have a lot to do. There is no better three times; one time I stayed for the whole way to start than to help our prisoners break session of court, almost all day. I have never clean from drugs. had a more exhilarating experience in a Today we release a new study from the courtroom in my life, including the sessions Department of Justice that offers more con- of the United States Supreme Court I have vincing evidence that drug use stokes all attended, because finally I saw something kinds of crime, from property crimes like that I thought could actually work to change burglary, auto theft, to violent crimes like as- people’s lives, to restore people to productive sault and murder. It shows that one in six use in society, to reduce the crime rate, to offenders landed in prison for a crime com- make people safer, and to stop the policy of mitted just to get money for drugs, that near- warehousing people in ever-increasing num- ly a third of prisoners were using drugs at bers in order to keep our streets safe. the time they committed their crimes, that When I took office, there were just a hand- more than 80 percent of prisoners have a his- ful of these drug courts in operation, includ- tory of drug use. And when you consider ing the one that the Attorney General that—plus the breathtaking statistic that launched in Miami. Today, there are more Lieutenant Governor Kathleen Kennedy than 400. If our budget proposal is approved Townsend gave us about the volume of her- by Congress, we can move to have more than oin and cocaine used by people who are in 1,000 up and running by the end of next year. the criminal justice system—it is clear to us That is a worthy goal. It will change America that if we are going to continue to reduce for the better. It will give a lot of people the rate of crime, we have to do something their lives back and make our streets safer. to avoid releasing criminals with their dan- I’m also proud to say that on top of these gerous drug habits intact. proposals we will free up another $120 mil- As you’ve heard from previous speakers, lion for drug-free prison initiatives this year, we’ve already done a lot to expand drug test- funds to help States boost testing and treat- ing and treatment in Federal prisons and to ment, funds to purge their prisons of drugs encourage States to do the same. But today with advanced new technologies.

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At the end of this century, we’ve made families in Cuba) to send limited funds great progress in our efforts to free our chil- to individual Cuban families as well as dren and our communities from drugs and to organizations independent of the gov- crime. As we begin a new century and a new ernment. millennium, we have an enormous oppor- —Expansion of people-to-people contact tunity to finish the job, to harness all the re- through two-way exchanges among aca- sources of the criminal justice system—our demics, athletes, scientists, and others, courts, our prosecutors, our prisons, our pro- including streamlining the approval bation officers, our police—to break the drug process for such visits. habits of prisoners and people on parole and —Authorization of the sale of food and ag- probation. We have to break this cycle. We ricultural inputs to independent non- have to give all these people a chance to be governmental entities, including reli- drug-free and to be productive citizens again. gious groups and Cuba’s emerging pri- It is the only way we can ever, in the end, vate sector, such as family restaurants assure our children the future they deserve. and private farmers. Thank you all for what you do. God bless —Authorization of charter passenger you. flights to cities in Cuba other than Ha- vana and from some cities in the United NOTE: The President spoke at 12:04 p.m. in the Roosevelt Room at the White House. In his re- States other than Miami in order to fa- marks, he referred to Mayor Jeff Griffin and Chief cilitate family reunification for persons of Police Jerry Hoover of Reno, NV; Lt. Gov. living outside those cities. Kathleen Kennedy Townsend of Maryland; Judge —An effort to establish direct mail service Jeffrey S. Tauber, president, National Association to Cuba, as provided for in the Cuban of Drug Court Professionals; and Mayor Richard Democracy Act of 1992. M. Daley of Chicago, IL. At the same time, we are taking steps to increase the flow of information to the Cuban Statement on United States Policy people and others around the world, by Toward Cuba strengthening Radio and TV Marti and launching new public diplomacy programs in January 5, 1999 Latin America and Europe to keep inter- Last March, in the wake of Pope John national attention focused on the need for Paul’s historic visit to Cuba, I authorized change in Cuba. The United States will con- measures designed to ease the plight of the tinue to urge the international community to Cuban people and help them prepare for a do more to promote respect for human rights democratic future. The restoration of direct and democratic transition in Cuba. passenger flights, resumption of family remit- I am also pleased to announce that I intend tances, expansion of people-to-people con- to nominate Mr. Jose ‘‘Pepe’’ Collado and tacts, and increases in the sale of medicines Ms. Avis Lavelle as members of the Advisory since then have had a positive impact. They Board for Cuba Broadcasting. I further in- demonstrate the United States’ compassion tend to designate Mr. Collado as Chairman for the Cuban people, our strong interest in upon confirmation by the Senate. This im- building bonds between the citizens of our portant advisory body has been without a nations, and our determination to provide the Chairman since the death of Jorge Mas people of Cuba with hope in their struggle Canosa more than a year ago. We are proc- against a system that for four decades has essing other nominations and, in cooperation denied them even basic human rights. with congressional leaders, will continue to Building on the success of the measures name members of this bipartisan board. I announced last March, I am today authoriz- These steps are designed to help the ing additional steps to reach out to the Cuban Cuban people without strengthening the people: Cuban Government. They are consistent —Expansion of remittances by allowing with our policy of keeping pressure on the any U.S. resident (not only those with regime for democratic change—through the

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embargo and vigorous diplomatic initia- caused by past discrimination against Afri- tives—while finding ways to reach out to the can-American family farmers. For more than Cuban people through humanitarian efforts 2 years, the Secretary has worked diligently and help in developing civil society. They are to restructure the Civil Rights Office at also consistent with the Cuban Democracy USDA to make it responsive to the needs Act and the Cuban Liberty and Democratic of all farmers who wish to have their claims Solidarity Act. They reflect a strong and heard. growing bipartisan consensus that the United My administration has always been com- States can and should do more to work with mitted to fighting discrimination and expand- the Cuban people toward a future of democ- ing opportunity for all Americans—in our of- racy and prosperity. fices, in our factories, and on our farms. America’s farm families stand for the values that have kept our Nation strong for over 220 Statement on Efforts To Redress years, and African-American family farmers Discrimination Against African- have played an historic role in building that American Farmers tradition. By helping to eliminate artificial January 5, 1999 barriers to African-American farm owner- ship, we will help to ensure that discrimina- In December 1997, Vice President Gore tion does not harm this proud heritage—and and I met with a group of African-American that all of America’s farmers go strongly into and other small farmers who came to the the 21st century. White House to discuss farm issues and claims of discrimination by the Department of Agriculture. During the meeting we heard Letter to Congressional Leaders painful statements about the plight of several Reporting on the National African-American farmers who were strug- Emergency With Respect to the gling to ensure that their farms remain alive Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and vibrant. At the time, I pledged, along (Serbia and Montenegro) with Secretary Glickman, that the USDA January 5, 1999 would work tirelessly to ensure that a proper resolution to their concerns was reached. Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) Today Secretary Glickman announced an On June 9, 1998, by Executive Order historic settlement of a civil rights lawsuit be- 13088 (63 Fed. Reg. 32109, June 12, 1998), tween African-American farmers and the I declared a national emergency to deal with USDA. I want to take this opportunity to the unusual and extraordinary threat to the thank Secretary Glickman and his staff, national security and foreign policy of the members of my staff, and the Department United States constituted by the actions and of Justice for working so hard to bring about policies of the Governments of the Federal this major milestone. I also want to applaud Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montene- the farmers themselves for their unceasing gro), and the Republic of Serbia with respect efforts to make their Government hear their to Kosovo. The order blocks all property and calls for justice. Finally, I want to thank all interests in property of the Governments of those in the Congress, particularly the Con- the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia gressional Black Caucus, Senators Robb and and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia and Grassley, and Speaker Gingrich, who worked the Republic of Montenegro within the to pass critical legislation waiving a statute United States or within the possession or of limitations provision which had prevented control of United States persons, and pro- less timely, but no less deserving, discrimina- hibits all new investment in the territory of tion cases from being addressed. the Republic of Serbia by United States per- Today’s action is an important step in Sec- sons, and the approval or other facilitation retary Glickman’s ongoing efforts to rid the by United States persons of other persons’ Agriculture Department of discriminatory new investment in the territory of the Re- behavior and redress any harm that has been public of Serbia.

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1. The declaration of the national emer- gro) that are (a) conducted exclusively gency on June 9, 1998, was made pursuant through the domestic banking system within to the authority vested in me by the Constitu- the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia tion and laws of the United States, including and Montenegro) in local currency (dinars), the International Emergency Economic or (b) conducted using bank notes or barter. Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the Na- The Regulations also prohibit all new in- tional Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et vestment in the territory of the Republic of seq.), and section 301 of title 3 of the United Serbia by United States persons, and the ap- States Code. The emergency declaration was proval or other facilitation by United States reported by message to the Congress dated persons or other persons’ new investment in June 10, 1998, pursuant to section 204(b) of the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The the International Emergency Economic term ‘‘new investment,’’ means (a) the acqui- Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1703(b)). sition of debt or equity interests in, (b) a The present report is submitted pursuant commitment or contribution of funds or to 50 U.S.C. 1641(c) and 1703(c) and covers other assets to, or (c) a loan or other exten- the period from June 9 through December sion of credit to, a public or private undertak- 8, 1998. It discusses only Administration ac- ing, entity, or project, other than donations tions and expenses directly related to the ex- of funds to charitable organizations for purely ercise of powers and authorities conferred by humanitarian purposes. Any transaction by a the declaration of a national emergency in United States persons that evades or avoids, Executive Order 13088. or that has the purpose of evading or avoid- 2. The Office of Foreign Assets Control ing, or attempts to violate, any of the prohibi- (OFAC), acting under authority delegated by tions set forth in Executive Order 13088 is the Secretary of the Treasury, implemented prohibited. Finally, the Regulations provide the sanctions imposed under the foregoing a general license, authorizing all transactions statutes and Executive Order 13088 and has by United States persons involving property issued the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or interests in property of the Government (Serbia and Montenegro) Kosovo Sanctions of the Republic of Montenegro, except as Regulations, 31 CFR part 586 (the ‘‘Regula- provided pursuant to the Federal Republic tions’’) (63 Fed. Reg. 54575, October 13, of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and 1998). A copy of the Regulations is attached Bosnian Serb-Controlled Areas of the Re- to this report. public of Bosnia and Herzegovina Sanctions The Regulations block all property and in- Regulations, 31 CFR part 585. terests in property of the Governments of the 3. Since the issuance of Executive Order Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and 13088 on June 9, 1998, OFAC has issued 73 Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and specific licenses, the majority of which (55) the Republic of Montenegro that are in the authorized financial transactions with respect United States, that hereafter come within the to personal remittances by individuals to the United States, or that are or hereafter come territory of the Federal Republic of Yugo- within the possession of control of United slavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and funding States persons, including their overseas of humanitarian operations by nongovern- branches. The Regulations also prohibit fi- mental organizations (NGOs) within the nancial transactions with, including trade fi- Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and nancing for, the Governments of the Federal Montenegro). Other licenses authorized cer- Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montene- tain diplomatic transactions, transactions re- gro), the Republic of Serbia, and the Repub- lated to air safety issues and payment of over- lic of Montenegro by United States persons. flight fees, the closure of Federal Republic However, the Regulations provide an exemp- of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) enti- tion, contained in section 2 of Executive ties formerly operating within the United Order 13088, for financial transactions, in- States and the liquidation and maintenance cluding trade financing, by United States of blocked tangible property, and intellectual persons within the territory of the Federal property protection for U.S. firms operating Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montene- in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia

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and Montenegro). OFAC also instituted a Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and mechanism for NGOs to continue to support the Republic of Montenegro, as long as these humanitarian operations in Yugoslavia and measures are appropriate, and will continue administers a registration program for NGOs to report periodically to the Congress on sig- to route money and supplies there as appro- nificant developments pursuant to 50 U.S.C. priate. 1703(c). Since June 9, 1998, U.S. banks and banks Sincerely, in the United States have reported to OFAC William J. Clinton that they have blocked 877 transactions total- ing $20,361,767 pursuant to the sanctions. NOTE: Identical letters were sent to Newt Ging- Most of the blockings were of funds transfers rich, Speaker of the House of Representatives, originating from, or destined for, Serbian and Albert Gore, Jr., President of the Senate. banks. 4. The expenses incurred by the Federal Government in the 6-month period from Remarks on the Budget Surplus for June 9 through December 8, 1998, that are Fiscal Year 1999 directly attributable to the declaration of a January 6, 1999 national emergency with respect to the Fed- eral Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Mon- Thank you very much. Thank you, and tenegro) and the Republic of Serbia in con- good morning. Let me begin by saying that, nection with the situation in Kosovo are esti- for me, a primary purpose of this event is mated at approximately $715,000, most of not only to formalize our budget projections which represents wage and salary costs for for this coming year but just to thank all of Federal personnel. Personnel costs were you. I guess I ought to begin with John Pode- largely centered in the Department of the sta and the Vice President. I never dreamed Treasury (particularly in OFAC and its Chief when I asked John Podesta to be Chief of Counsel’s Office), the Department of State, Staff that he would become the stand-up and the National Security Council. comic of the administration. [Laughter] Sort 5. The situation reviewed above continues of seemed out of character. But I thought to present an extraordinary and unusual it was pretty good. And I could see a lot of threat to the national security and foreign you were reliving your holiday excruciating policy of the United States. The declaration experiences. of the national emergency with respect to the One of the hardest jobs of the Vice Presi- Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and dent, he has to do all these very burdensome Montenegro) and the Republic of Serbia representations of the administration. He has contained in Executive Order 13088 was to go places that I can’t go, or don’t want made in reaction to the unacceptable actions to go, and shoulder burdens I can’t bear. And and policies of the Belgrade authorities in he just really—he went above and beyond Kosovo, and continues to apply. The current the call by representing the administration situation in Kosovo is fragile and, as yet, un- at the Tennessee-Florida State football game. resolved. It is of particular importance that [Laughter] And I want to thank him for that developments in Kosovo should not disrupt enormous sacrifice. [Laughter] progress in implementing the Dayton peace I’d also like to thank the members of the agreement. This threat to the peace of the economic team who have already been men- region constitutes an unusual and extraor- tioned. We have had an extraordinary rela- dinary threat to the national security of the tionship over the last 6 years. It began before United States. I assumed office with endless discussions and With this in mind and in support of the arguments about the finer points of what United Nations Security Council Resolutions would be in the economic plan of 1993. It 1099 and 1203, I shall continue to exercise continued yesterday with a 2-hour meeting the powers at my disposal with respect to about what is the appropriate thing to do with the measures against the Government of the the crisis that the American steel industry Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and faces now.

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And in every meeting, we have what I con- come working people with children a tax cut sider to be examples of genuine patriotism even in 1993, which we did by doubling the because of people around the table are al- earned-income tax credit. So we had to put ways working for what is in the best interest that very tough budget together. of the American people over the long run. The key was doing enough—figuring out And I want to thank all of you because with- enough, to get interest rates down, because out you, none of these arguments would high interest rates were keeping entre- amount to anything because you have to put preneurs from starting new businesses or ex- flesh on the bones of the policies that we panding them. They were discouraging adopt. And I thank you for that. young people from buying homes. They Let me say that the preparation of a na- were, as has already been said, causing grave tional budget, I think, sometimes does get questions about the leadership the United lost in the agony of the numbers-crunching States and the rest of the world. Our deficit or the cleverness of finding one final way to had become a symbol of the inability of Gov- solve one last problem. But we should never ernment to play its essential role in American forget that there are human stories behind life. all these numbers. Because of the work that So we put together our strategy based on you have done, we literally have opened the fiscal discipline, investing in our people, and doors of college education to all Americans. expanding American sales of products and And you should never forget that. Because services abroad. The results have been clear. of the work that you have done in the bal- There were a lot of dire predictions from the anced budget, we were able to provide the naysayers, and the budget passed by the nar- opportunity for another 5 million children to rowest of margins. But it began the process have health insurance, to figure out a way which led to the 1997 balanced budget, led to make that big downpayment on the to the second balanced budget we passed last 100,000 teachers. year, and has now given us over 17 million And for those who are skeptical, I would new jobs and the lowest unemployment rate remind you that we are now going to finish, in 28 years, the lowest percentage of our peo- this year, our commitment of 1993 to 100,000 ple on the welfare rolls in 29 years, and the police officers ahead of schedule and under highest homeownership in history. All of you budget, giving the United States the lowest can be justly proud of the role you played crime rate in 25 years. So I thank you for in that. all of that. Now, just 3 months ago we were able to You heard the Vice President say that announce for the first time in three decades when we took office—well, actually, shortly a budget surplus. The surplus I announced before we took office—at Blair House, I got that day, $70 billion, was the largest in Amer- the final estimate of the budget deficit for ican history; as a share of our economy, the the first year of my Presidency: $290 billion. largest since the 1950’s. And I was told that, by this year, if I survived Today I am proud to announce that we this long—and back in ’93 I wondered when can say the era of big deficits is over. We I looked at those deficit numbers—that it are now entering the second year of an era would be over $400 billion. of surpluses. Our economists project that in We then had some very difficult decisions 1999 we will close out this century with a to make because we wanted to reduce the surplus of not less than $76 billion, the larg- deficit and balance the budget; we wanted est in the history of the United States. And to bring interest rates down; we thought I thank you for your role in that. there was no way to get the American econ- Now, the chart over here—Gene Sperling omy going again without doing so. But we never wants me to get up here without knew that we had to invest in the future of charts, so here I am. [Laughter] The chart America. And we also knew that we were over here shows you the difference starting in the middle of a 20-year decline in the real in 1999 of the projections for this year, as earnings of average middle-class citizens. compared with the reality. And the gap is And we wanted to give particularly lower in- all the money the American people have

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saved, the money that has gone back into the wants his retirement to be funded by his chil- economy, the money that has made it pos- dren. No parent in the baby boom generation sible for interest rates to be lower and invest- wants our children to have to spend less on ment to be higher. our grandchildren’s education and upbring- Just as exploding deficits were the symbol ing because we failed to fix Social Security of a Government failing its people in the at this time. 1980’s, these surpluses are a symbol of a Gov- So, therefore, I have said, and I will reit- ernment that works in the 1990’s and be- erate today, while there are many needs out yond, one that lives within its means, cuts there in this country—there’s still investment wasteful spending, that still honors the values needs in education, investment needs in re- and the priorities of the American people: search, investment needs in the environ- education, health care, the environment. ment, investment needs in other health care It is the smallest Government in 35 years, initiatives—while there are many arguments by well over 300,000 fewer people than when that can be made to give families further tax we took office, but more prepared than ever relief, particularly those coping with the bur- to meet the challenges of the 21st century. dens of raising their children and the cost Deficit reduction has brought tangible bene- of child care while going to work, first we fits to millions of families. We saved the must save Social Security for the 21st cen- American people more than a trillion dollars tury, before we consider new spending or on the national debt. More than 7 million other tax cuts. new families have realized their dream of Some say that this task will be too com- owning a home. Another 18 million families plicated for the Congress and the administra- have refinanced their homes at lower mort- tion to achieve, that the will is too weak, that gage rates, and I’d bet anything that includes the political system too divided. I do not some people in this room. agree with that. I heard that 6 years ago when For millions of Americans, the lowest— I showed up here—the political system was these low interest rates have amounted to a weak and the parties were divided. And look tax cut of tens of billions of dollars, putting at all that’s happened in the last 6 years by in reach a family vacation, a new car, perhaps a sustained, good-faith effort, not just with a college education. the budget but in the area of education, in So today, I wish we could say our job is the area of crime control, in the area of the done, in the midst of this celebration. At a environment, in the area of health care, in time like this it would be easy just to do that, the area of promoting world peace, in the to call a halt to this meeting and to say go area of biomedical research, and so many back to work and just figure out how to keep other things. these numbers in line. But the truth is, all We cannot use anything as an excuse not of you know we still have very large chal- to deal with our most pressing priorities. I lenges as a country, challenges that this sur- do not intend to do it. I do not think the plus gives us the opportunity to meet. We American people expect us to do it, and I worked hard to bring fiscal discipline to think that we will surprise the skeptics by produce this surplus. Like any family with dealing with the Social Security challenge long-term financial needs and a little more over the next several months. You have given earnings than we expected, we can’t go out us the tools to do it, with this surplus. And and spend the surplus today; we have to plan when that happens, you can also take a full for the future. measure of pride in that achievement. That is why I have said repeatedly, before Now, let me also say to you that there are we even consider new spending or tax cuts, also a lot of other challenges, as I have said. first we must set this surplus aside until we We have to deal with the Medicare chal- save Social Security for the 21st century. We lenge; it’s the same thing as the Social Secu- know that in about 30 years the Social Secu- rity challenge, except that it will hit us soon- rity Trust Fund will no longer be able to er. We have to pass a Patients’ Bill of Rights; meet the retirement needs of our genera- we have to continue to fund our education tion—mine, the baby boomers. No parent commitments. But we can do all these things.

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But believe me, at every single turn in the The Hague Convention road, we’ll have to figure out how to make The Convention was signed by the United the numbers add up, how to stay within our States on May 14, 1954, the same day it was commitment to fiscal discipline, how to be concluded; however, it has not been submit- as clever as we can in the use of our resources ted to the Senate for advice and consent to without going over the line and being so clev- ratification until now. er we endanger the fiscal responsibility, the The Hague Convention, to which more low interest rates, the economic success that than 80 countries are party, elaborates on ob- has brought us to this point. ligations contained in earlier treaties. It also We have to depend on you to keep that establishes a regime for special protection of balance, to have that creative tension. I know a highly limited category of cultural property. you will do it. I hope you will think about It provides both for preparations in peace- this chart when you go home tonight. I hope time for safeguarding cultural property that you will be proud of what you have done against foreseeable effects of armed conflicts for your country. And I hope you will know and also for respecting such property in time that we are very proud of you and very grate- of war or military occupation. In conformity ful. with the customary practice of nations, the Thank you very much, and happy New protection of cultural property is not abso- Year. lute. If cultural property is used for military purposes, or in the event of imperative mili- tary necessity, the protection afforded by the NOTE: The President spoke at 10:45 a.m. in Room Convention is waived, in accordance with the 450 of the Old Executive Office Building. Convention’s terms. Further, the primary responsibility for the protection of cultural property rests with the Message to the Senate Transmitting party controlling that property, to ensure that the Hague Convention for the the property is properly identified and that Protection of Cultural Property in it is not used for an unlawful purpose. the Event of Armed Conflict The Hague Protocol, which was concluded on the same day as the Convention, but is January 6, 1999 a separate agreement, contains provisions in- tended to prevent the exportation of cultural To the Senate of the United States: property from occupied territory. It obligates I transmit herewith, for the advice and an occupying power to prevent the expor- consent of the Senate to ratification, the tation of cultural property from territory it Hague Convention for the Protection of Cul- occupies, requires each party to take into its tural Property in the Event of Armed Con- custody cultural property exported contrary flict (the Convention) and, for accession, the to the Protocol, and requires parties to return Hague Protocol, concluded on May 14, 1954, such cultural property at the close of hos- and entered into force on August 7, 1956. tilities. However, as described in the report Also enclosed for the information of the Sen- of the Secretary of State, there are concerns ate is the report of the Department of State about the acceptability of Section I of the on the Convention and the Hague Protocol. Hague Protocol. I therefore recommend that I also wish to take this opportunity to reit- at the time of accession, the United States erate my support for the prompt approval exercise its right under Section III of the of Protocol II Additional to the Geneva Con- Hague Protocol to declare that it will not be ventions of 12 August 1949, concluded at Ge- bound by the provisions of Section I. neva on June 10, 1977 (Protocol II). Protocol The United States signed the Convention II, which deals with noninternational armed on May 14, 1954. Since that time, it has been conflicts, or civil wars, was transmitted to the subject to detailed interagency reviews. Senate for advice and consent to ratification Based on these reviews, I have concluded in 1987 by President Reagan but has not that the United States should now become been acted upon. a party to the Convention and to the Hague

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Protocol, subject to the understandings and liorating the suffering of victims of such in- declaration contained in the report of the ternal conflicts and, in particular, is directed Department of State. at protecting civilians who, as we have wit- United States military policy and the con- nessed with such horror this very decade, all duct of operations are entirely consistent too often find themselves caught in the cross- with the Convention’s provisions. In large fire of such conflicts. Indeed, if Protocol II’s measure, the practices required by the Con- fundamental rules were observed, many of vention to protect cultural property were the worst human tragedies of recent internal based upon the practices of U.S. military armed conflicts would have been avoided. forces during World War II. A number of Because the United States traditionally has concerns that resulted in the original decision held a leadership position in matters relating not to submit the Convention for advice and to the law of war, our ratification would help consent have not materialized in the decades give Protocol II the visibility and respect it of experience with the Convention since its deserves and would enhance efforts to fur- entry into force. The minor concerns that re- ther ameliorate the suffering of war’s vic- main relate to ambiguities in language that tims—especially, in this case, victims of inter- should be addressed through appropriate un- nal armed conflicts. derstandings, as set forth in the report of the I therefore recommend that the Senate Department of State. renew its consideration of Protocol II Addi- I believe that ratification of the Conven- tional and give its advice and consent to rati- tion and accession to the Protocol will under- fication, subject to the understandings and score our long commitment, as well as our reservations that are described fully in the practice in combat, to protect the world’s cul- report attached to the original January 29, tural resources. 1987, transmittal message to the Senate. I am also mindful of the international process underway for review of the Conven- William J. Clinton tion. By becoming a party, we will be in a The White House, stronger position to shape any proposed January 6, 1999. amendments and help ensure that U.S. inter- ests are preserved. NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- I recommend, in light of these consider- tion of the content of this message. ations, that the Senate give early and favor- able consideration to the Convention and the Protocol and give its advice and consent to Remarks on Funding for Quality ratification and accession, subject to the un- After-School Programs derstandings and declaration contained in January 7, 1999 the report of the Department of State. Thank you very much, Mr. Vice President. Protocol II Additional I want to thank all those who have spoken In his transmittal message dated January before and all of you who are here. I say 29, 1987, President Reagan requested the ad- a special word of appreciation to the Mem- vice and consent of the Senate to ratification bers of the Congress who have come, the of Protocol II. The Senate, however, did not members of the education community, the act on Protocol II. I believe the Senate employees of the Department of Education. should now renew its consideration of this I want to thank Congressman Ford for his important law-of-war agreement. stirring speech. I was looking at Congress- Protocol II expands upon the fundamental man Ford, thinking, you know, I was 28 once. humanitarian provisions contained in the [Laughter] And when I ran for Congress at 1949 Geneva Conventions with respect to in- that age I got beat. I see why he got elected. ternal armed conflicts. Such internal conflicts [Laughter] have been the source of appalling civilian suf- I thank Senator Kennedy for his lifetime fering, particularly over the last several dec- of literally an example of unparalleled service ades. Protocol II is aimed specifically at ame- in the United States Senate and Secretary

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Riley, who has been my friend since we start- Americans were earning their living at home. ed our governorships together over 20 years When I ran for reelection, the number was ago now. And I’m glad to see Mrs. Shriver 12. Today there are about 20 million Ameri- here, and I thank the family of Congressman cans earning their primary income out of King for coming, my colleague in the Irish their homes. This is a stunning statistic. peace process. We’re glad to see all of them. To meet the challenges of this new econ- But most of all, I want to thank Lissette omy with our new society, we have to rely Martinez and Leonard for showing up and on our old values, but we have to make sure reminding us while we’re all here today, be- that we manifest them in modern ways. That cause they were great. When she held her means our public schools must change. They children’s pictures up here, I thought, if must teach our children while reflecting the those kids and their parents are the future way we work and live now and will work and of America, we’re going to be just fine. We’re live in the 21st century. going to be just fine. In the last 6 years we have worked hard Even though the definition of well-edu- on this, with the help of all of you in this cated was very different over 200 years ago room and those whom you represent when this country was founded, our Found- throughout the United States. Forty-eight of ing Fathers thought it was of pivotal impor- our 50 States have now adopted tougher aca- tance. In 1787, they declared that all new demic standards which we called for when territories set aside land for public schools, the Goals 2000 program passed back in 1994. establishing the principle that public edu- Thousands of schools have become safer, cation, though a State and local responsibil- better learning environments, cracking down ity, must always be a national priority. on gangs and guns, violence and discipline, In 1862, President Lincoln signed the leg- adopting school uniforms and other systems islation creating the land grant college sys- designed to create a better, more equal tem. In 1944, the GI bill gave millions of learning environment. returning veterans tickets to what became The percentage of students who report the first mass middle class in the history of being threatened or injured at school nation- the world. In 1958, the launch of Sputnik wide is down. We’ve begun to organize an led to Federal funds to improve science and army of tutors to help elementary school chil- math education in our country. In 1965, Fed- dren learn to read and middle school and eral support for education expanded further high school students to prepare for college. to bring minorities and the poor, long shut And I’m very proud of all the young people out of the classroom, inside to the full bene- all across America who are working in these fits of public education. At each of these tutoring and mentoring programs. turning points in our history, our country We’ve dramatically increased our invest- strengthened public education to match the ment in early childhood learning through the challenges of the times. Head Start program. We’re making real Now in our time, as others have said, we progress in connecting every classroom and face another challenge, the emergence of a library to the Internet by the year 2000. And global economy that is fast-paced, techno- as Secretary Riley said, the e-rate for which logically sophisticated, driven by information the Vice President fought so hard means that and, at the same time, the emergence in our we’ve not only hooked up those classrooms, country of a breathtakingly diverse group of but they can actually afford to log on. young people, diverse by race and ethnic Last fall, we fought for and won from Con- background, by religion, by culture, by in- gress a downpayment on 100,000 new highly come, by circumstance. trained teachers to reduce class sizes in the We now have an economy in which the early grades, and we made a beginning on workplace is no longer just for men but also our proposal to offer to pay off the college for women; the work day is no longer bound costs of young people who will go into our by the hours of 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.; and the most underserved areas and teach for a few workplace is increasingly at home. When I years when they graduate from school. I hope became President 6 years ago, only 3 million the new Congress will keep up the payments

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so we can keep the teachers going. And I students learn their lesson in the school- hope they will work with me to build or mod- house, not on the street; youth crime and ernize 5,000 schools. victimization plummet. Quality after-school The charter school movement, which I programs both enhance opportunity and bol- have championed since 1992, is growing. ster responsibility. In so doing, they strength- When I took the oath of office as President, en our communities; they honor our values; there was one charter school in the whole they benefit our nation. United States, a public school organized by That’s why I’ve supported grants for these parents or teachers within the school system kinds of quality programs through the 21st but free of a lot of the bureaucratic limita- Century Community Learning Center Initia- tions that are on so many schools. In 1996, tive, first introduced by Senator Jeffords there were 700. There are now about 1,000. from Vermont, championed by Senator Ken- We are well on our way to our goal of having nedy and Senator Boxer, Congresswoman 3,000 by the year 2000. Lowey from New York and others. All these efforts and others are beginning Two years ago, this program received $1 to show up in SAT scores, which are up; math million from Congress. Then it grew the year scores, which have risen in nearly all grades before last to $40 million, and then last year, nationwide; even on a lot of the international to $200 million, in the budget I signed, serv- tests, when we didn’t do so well for years ing a quarter of a million children. Yet, the and years, our younger people are tending demand for quality after-school programs, to do better and better. the bipartisan support it has gained, and its We should be pleased and thankful, but potential to transform public education in we should not be fooled into complacency. America and the futures of our children far, Why? First, reading scores have hardly far outweigh the investment we have made budged and many of our foreign competitors to date. are improving their schools faster than we Therefore, today I am pleased to announce are. Secondly, while our children do very well that in the new budget I will present to Con- on these international test scores in elemen- gress this year, we will triple our investment tary school and reasonably well in middle in academically enriched after-school pro- school, by the time they’re in high school grams to give over 1 million children across they’re rankings have dropped dramatically. America somewhere to go. We know we have more to do. We know Now, you heard Lissette talking about the that a majority of our schools have not kept Chicago system. It’s one I particularly favor. pace with the new family patterns and work And last year I asked the Congress to set patterns which dominate America. We know aside some funds that we could give to other that more and more parents are being drawn school systems to help to adopt the com- into the work force. On any given day, as prehensive approach they have there. That many as 15 million school children are left is, no social promotion; more parent involve- to fend for themselves at home, idle in front ment in the schools; high standards but don’t of the television or out on the streets, vulner- flunk anybody because the system is failing able to gangs, drugs and crime. On any given the kids; don’t say the kids are failing; give day when school lets out, juvenile crime goes them the after-school programs; give them up, and also the number of children them- the summer school programs; give them the selves victimized by crime. On any given day tools they need to succeed. So we are going when school lets out, tens of millions of work- to give priority to communities that end so- ing parents look nervously at the clock, hop- cial promotion in the right way. ing and praying their children will be okay. She talked about that eighth grade test. It is no secret that I believe that the best Hillary and I, when we were working to- way for our Nation to meet these challenges gether in Arkansas on education, made our is to expand the number and improve the State the first State in the country to have quality of our after-school programs. With an eighth grade exit exam. But I never saw quality after-school, parents and educators it as a way of identifying children who were will be given the tools they need to succeed; failing. I thought it would identify the schools

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that were failing and give the children a late your remarks into Spanish and into Ara- chance to succeed. And that’s what they be- bic, because there are so many parents who lieve in in Chicago, and what we should be- can’t understand you.’’ That’s the America of lieve in everywhere. tomorrow. So I’m looking forward to working with all In a global society where we’re trying to the Senators and House Members who care get other people to put aside their hatreds, so much about this, both to improve after- to lay down the burdens of the past, to em- school programs and to end social promotion brace one another, to reach across the lines but to do it in the right way. We have to that divide them, that’s a great resource. But do everything in our power—after school, the challenge of giving all of the children smaller classes, better teachers, modernized from whatever backgrounds they come from facilities, Internet hookups, summer pro- the chance to make the most of that one life grams—to help our kids succeed. We have is more formidable than ever. Because of to have high standards not only for students these after-school programs, a million kids but for the preparation of our teachers and will have a better chance. That’s really what for the performance of our schools. And I’ll this is all about, a million more stories like have more to say about that later. those two beautiful pictures that Lissette Scarce dollars should not be spent on showed us today. And that’s what we should failed policies. If we’ve learned anything, Hil- always, always remember. lary and Dick Riley and I, after 20 years and Thank you very much. more of working at this, listening to teachers and parents, going into schools, it is what NOTE: The President spoke at 3:28 p.m. in the Congressman Ford said: We do believe all East Room at the White Hose. In his remarks, children can learn. And that gives a much he referred to Eunice Kennedy Shriver, founder, greater urgency to this work. Special Olympics; and Lissette Martinez, parent- Look, this is not really just about making mentor, Frederick Funston Elementary School, the American economy strong or even mak- Chicago, IL, and her husband, Leonard. ing sure that when we baby boomers retire we’ll be supported by two workers that made Bs or better instead of a 1.7. [Laughter] It Letter to Congressional Leaders makes a good point. But that’s not really what Transmitting a Comprehensive Plan this is about. Everybody just gets one chance. for Responding to the Increase in Everyone just has one life. This is about giv- ing people a chance to make the most of that Steel Imports one life. This is about the sure knowledge January 7, 1999 we have that the rest of us will just be fine; everything is going to work out all right if Dear Mr. Speaker (Dear Mr. President:) we give our children the chance to make the I am transmitting the attached Report to most of their lives. Congress on a Comprehensive Plan for Re- I watched Harold Ford up here giving that sponding to the Increase in Steel Imports in speech, and I thought, there’s a 28-year-old response to the request from the Congress young guy with his whole life ahead of him. described in section 111 of the Omnibus And I knew that he had a family that told Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental him he had to show up in the morning, that Appropriations Act, 1999 (Public Law 105– his work was school, that he was expected 277 of October 21, 1998). to learn. And I want that for every child. As the global financial crisis has unfolded, You know, I go to a lot of schools. Today it has touched the lives of many Americans. when I speak to children—I was out in Mary- I am very concerned about the surge in low- land or Virginia not long before last Novem- priced steel imports into the United States ber, and I was talking to this group of kids, and its impact on our companies, workers, this wonderful group of kids. And they said, and communities. Our steel industry and ‘‘You know, all the parents are going to come, workers have taken difficult and commend- and we just only wish we had time to trans- able steps over the past 2 decades to make

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America’s steel industry a world class com- ducing and -consuming industries and labor, petitor. Members of Congress, and our trading part- Our goal in this comprehensive action plan ners, and we will consider additional actions is clear: we seek to ensure that competitive as circumstances warrant. We will continue American steel companies and steel workers to work closely with Members of Congress have the opportunity to compete fairly and in ensuring an effective response to this seri- that they not be asked to bear an unfair share ous matter. of the burden of a global financial crisis they Sincerely, did not create. The plan outlined in this re- William J. Clinton port details our actions to vigorously and ex- peditiously enforce our own trade laws, en- NOTE: Identical letters were sent to J. Dennis gage major steel exporting and importing Hastert, Speaker of the House of Representatives, countries to enforce fair trade and fairly and Albert Gore, Jr., President of the Senate. An share the import burden, work with the IMF original was not available for verification of the content of this letter. and our foreign partners to address the finan- cial crisis that has contributed to the current surge of steel imports, and provide American Remarks and a Question-and-Answer steel communities, workers, and companies Session at the Economic Club of with the resources they need to adjust to the Detroit in Detroit, Michigan forces of globalization. January 8, 1999 I will continue to make clear my deep per- sonal concern about the steel situation, as I The President. Thank you. Ladies and have done in recent statements. I will con- gentlemen, even though the mayor’s prom- tinue to engage leaders of Japan, Russia, the ised warm welcome to Detroit turned out to Republic of Korea, and the nations of Europe be a bit of false advertising today, I am de- with the goal of ensuring that they follow fair lighted to be back. I’ve had a wonderful time. trading practices, fairly share the burden of The Auto Show made me feel like a kid absorbing additional steel imports, and re- again. I wanted to leave with 10 of the cars spect established international rules, includ- myself, but I was embarrassed to say, you ing prohibitions on subsidization. know, I haven’t bought a car in 6 years so The solution to the financial crisis and the I had to go around and ask what every one crisis facing our steel industry is not for us, of them cost. [Laughter] or for any other nation, to go backward or I liked the concept cars. I liked the ori- turn inward. The solution is, instead, for entation toward the future. It was a wonder- America to continue to lead the world in ful thing. And we have some people here as- stemming the current financial crisis and cre- sociated with the Auto Show, and I’d really ating an open, rules-based trading system. At like to thank them for making me and the this critical juncture, it is essential that all congressional delegation and our guests feel nations remain committed to open markets. so welcome today. Open and fair trade is absolutely essential I want to thank the mayor for letting me for both global economic recovery and con- be his stand-in. We’ve been friends a long tinued U.S. prosperity. It is essential that all time. Mayor Archer’s friendship is one of nations respect international trade rules to many thousands of things I owe to my wife. ensure that the trading system commands the They were friends in bar association work. confidence of the American people. Main- I knew Dennis Archer when he was just a taining strong trade laws and vigorous en- mild-mannered judge with no political opin- forcement will continue to be a critical ele- ions. [Laughter] ment of my trade policy, just as I will con- I’d also like to thank your Attorney Gen- tinue to lead efforts to open markets around eral, Jennifer Granholm, for being here; my the world. good friend, Ed McNamara, to my left. My Administration will continue to mon- Thank you, Jennifer. Thank you, Mr. McNa- itor developments in the steel industry and mara, for being my friend. And City Council to consult with representatives of steel-pro- President Gil Hill, Frank Garrison, President

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of the Michigan AFL–CIO. And I want to cent, the lowest annual rate since 1969. It’s thank my good friend, Governor and former the lowest peacetime rate of unemployment Ambassador to Canada, Jim Blanchard. I since 1957. There were 378,000 new jobs last think he was the best American Ambassador month, for total of 17.7 million. The welfare we ever had to Canada, and you can be very rolls are the lowest they’ve been as a percent- proud of what he did there. age of our population in 29 years. Home- He also brought me here the first time— ownership is the highest in history, and in maybe there was this many people when I the last 6 years, 7 million Americans have spoke in August of ’92, but I don’t remember bought new homes and another 18 million it. This is the longest head table I’ve ever have refinanced them at lower interest rates. seen. [Laughter] I got up at 6 o’clock this We also know now with this last month morning; I didn’t do my normal workout. It that this peacetime expansion is the longest doesn’t matter—I ran all the way down— economic expansion in peacetime in the his- [laughter]. tory of the United States. And equally impor- I’d also like to thank the unusually large tant to me, this one is different from the ones delegation from Congress who came with me of the last several years. It is inclusive, not today. And I’d like to ask them to stand and exclusive. We have seen, for example, the be recognized: Congressman John Dingell highest real wage growth in over two dec- and Debbie; John Conyers is here with his ades, growing at twice the rate of inflation; son; David Bonior; Sandy Levin and Mrs. the lowest African-American and Hispanic Levin; Jim Barcia; Bart Stupak and Mrs. Stu- unemployment rate ever recorded since we pak; Carolyn Kilpatrick and Debbie began keeping such statistics in 1972. And Stabenow. They’re all here, and I thank them average family income up after inflation by for coming with me from Washington. $3500. This is a rising tide that is lifting all Here in Detroit nearly a century ago, as boats. all of you know better than me, Henry Ford Closer to home, for many of you, we set history in motion with the very first as- learned that this week was also quite a re- sembly line. He build not only a Model T markable year for U.S. automakers, 15.5 mil- but a new model for the way America would lion cars and light trucks sold last year, the do business for quite a long while. He said most in 12 years. Ford had its best year since he was looking for leaders and thinkers and 1978. The sales of the former Chrysler Cor- workers with, I quote, ‘‘an infinite capacity poration—I met with the Daimler people to not know what can’t be done.’’ People like again today, and again I asked them to sell that came together in Detroit and all across me a Mercedes at the price of a Chrysler. America; they forged America’s transition [Laughter] And I’m working on making that from farm to factory. Detroit led the way and deal for all Americans, I want you to know. America led the world. [Laughter] Today, as Mayor Archer just documented, But anyway, we’re excited about this merg- Detroit is still leading the way and America er, and their brands hit a record high, 2.5 continues to lead the world. Indeed, we gath- million vehicles. GM ended the year on a er today at a time of an American economic strong note with great momentum for 1999. renaissance. Our budget is balanced for the Now, let me compare just for a moment first time in a generation. We are now enter- how far we have come these last 6 years. The ing a second year in an era of surpluses. This last time I spoke here—and Governor Blan- week I announced that our economists chard brought me as a nervous candidate for project we will close out the year and the President in August of 1992—it seemed century with a surplus of no less than $76 America had lost its way in the strong billion, the largest in the history of the headwinds of economic change. In August United States for the second year in a row. of 1992, I said we had a choice to make, Today we received the December unem- whether to create a high-growth, smart-work, ployment figures. Unemployment was 4.3 high-wage economy, or to continue to drift percent, the lowest monthly rate since Feb- into a low-growth, hard-work, low-wage ruary of 1970. For the year, it was 4.5 per- future.

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In August of 1992, the unemployment rate vehicles with your automakers, which I’ll dis- for this entire area was almost 9 percent, the cuss more in a moment, to climate change, same for the State as a whole. In August of we are working with business to use tech- 1992, Michigan had lost more than 60,000 nology, research, and market incentives to jobs in the previous 2 years; businesses were meet national goals. folding; residents were losing jobs and hope; Some have called this political philosophy crime and poverty were hitting record levels. ‘‘the third way.’’ It has modernized progres- The new world of high technology and sive political parties and brought them to greater global competition threatened to by- power throughout the industrial world. Here pass America’s heartland. Foreign competi- in America it has led us, I believe, to a new tors actually described America as another consensus, making the vital center once again great power in a state of inevitable decline. a source of energy, action, and progress. On our own best-seller list, there was a re- That, I believe, is the only way for any ad- markable book that asked a question with its vanced industrial nation to thrive in the new title, ‘‘America: What Went Wrong?’’ global economy. Well, 3 months after I was here, in my Our new economic strategy was rooted in inaugural address I said that I believed there a few basic ideas—first, in fiscal discipline. was nothing wrong with America that cannot In an era of worldwide capital markets, na- be fixed by what is right with America. And tions purchase prosperity by saving and in- today we can, thankfully, ask the question: vesting and being prudent, not by running America, what went right? big deficits. So we cut the deficit, balanced The answer is a lot of things. In fact, most the budget, sent interest rates down, helping things are going right for our country. Our people to buy new homes, helping more en- real recovery began when we returned to a trepreneurs to start new businesses. principle as old as our Republic: ‘‘We, the Also, the reduction of the deficit and the People.’’ We have pursued a vision of 21st ultimate balancing of the budget has freed century America with opportunity for all, re- up more than $1 trillion in capital for private sponsibility from all, a community of all sector investment. Unlike past expansions Americans. We have married old ideals to where Government bought more and spent new ideas, to fit our new economy and our more to drive the economy, during this ex- new society. We have moved beyond the pansion Government spending as a share of false choices of using Government to hold the economy has actually fallen. And over 90 back the tides of change or leaving people percent of those 17.7 million new jobs are to sink or swim all alone. private sector jobs. We believe the role of Government is to The second part of our strategy has been empower people, to ride the tides of change to invest in our people. In 1992, we had two to greater heights. We believe in a Govern- deficits—one in the budget, but another in ment for the information age that is progres- our investment in our people and our future. sive, creative, flexible, and yes, smaller. You A high-tech economy that places even great- might be interested to know that the Govern- er demands on skills must put people first, ment that you have today has more than as the mayor said. Therefore, even as we cut 300,000 fewer people than it did when I last spending and eliminated hundreds of pro- came here to speak in August of 1992. In- grams to balance the budget, we nearly dou- deed, it’s the smallest Federal Government bled our annual investment in education and since John Glenn first orbited the Earth. training. Even as we closed the budget gap, For example, under the Vice President’s we have expanded the earned-income tax leadership, we’ve cut more than 16,000 pages credit for 15 million low-income working of Federal regulations; streamlined or sim- families, giving them hope and lifting over plified 31,000 more; committed to work with 2 million working people out of poverty. those who bear the burden, as well as those Even as we cut Government spending, we who receive the benefit, of future regulations have raised investments in our welfare to in drafting them. In areas from workplace work jobs initiative, and invested $24 billion safety to the partnership for new generation in a children’s health initiative to bring health

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insurance to 5 million young people who do to do today? And what do you intend to do not have it. tomorrow? What are we going to do with this Third, building a new American economy prosperity? We can rest on our laurels or has meant making the world economy work press ahead. for us. Until last year, when we had all the In a sentence, here’s how I assess our turmoil and trouble around the world, fully present condition. America is working again. one-third of the strong economic growth we It’s working. Not just the economy, the crime had enjoyed in the nineties came from ex- rate is the lowest in 25 years. A lot of our panded trade. For every country engaged in social problems are receding. It’s working trade, for every market open to our products, again. That is the good news. But no serious the base of customers for American goods analyst of our condition could seriously say and services expands. that we have met the long-term challenges That is why it matters to all Americans that that our people will face in the 21st century. we have negotiated 270 trade agreements in And there will never be a better time to meet the last 6 years. Not all of them have met them than a time when we have a surplus all of our hopes, and a lot of them have been in our budget and a strong surfeit of con- limited by the economic problems faced in fidence in ourselves and our ability to meet particular countries. I think those here asso- the challenges ahead. ciated with the auto industry know how hard So I say this is the time to press on with we have worked on the auto trade agreement the big challenges of the 21st century, not with Japan. We will never make the kind of just to have America work but to know that progress we intend to make there until the it’s going to be working for decades ahead. economy begins to recover, which brings me What are those challenges? They are many, to a point I will return to in a moment. but I will mention just three; I’d like to ask Nonetheless, if you look at our approach— fiscal discipline, investment in people, ex- you to think about in the context of the mis- panded trade—it has enabled the United sion of the Economic Club. States, the businesses and the people work- First, we must maintain our prosperity and ing here, to create a truly new, global, high- spread its benefits to people and places that tech economy. More than 7 million Ameri- have not yet felt it. And we must deal with cans today work in technology-related indus- the challenges of the global economy, for tries, earning two-thirds more than average without a successful global economy, our worker salaries. Technology has not just built ability to continue to grow and prosper will the computer industry; it has transformed ex- be dramatically limited. isting industries from high-tech research and Second, we must deal with the challenges development, in real estate, in construction of the old and the young in America. We and, as I saw today, to transportation. have to face the fact that the baby boomers A lot of these cars now that I saw today are about to retire, and when they do, there have more computer power in them than will only be about two people working for Neil Armstrong had to steer Apollo 11 to the every one person drawing Social Security; Moon. It’s an interesting time in which we that more and more we are living longer— live and we should feel fortunate to be here. the average life expectancy in America today The question for all of us today and the is over 76 years; in 20 or 30 years it will be thing I want you to think about is, okay, we well over 80 years. That will impose great feel good—and Dennis reeled off the statis- new challenges to meet in long-term care. tics, and you clapped, and I was pleased. And we must face the fact that we have a [Laughter] And I like it even better knowing challenge of the young, because more and that there are real families now that have more and more, our children tend to have work and a stronger future for their children higher poverty rates than our seniors; and and safer streets for them to live on. But the more and more, our children come from very question for us today is the question you have diverse populations in race, in religion, in to face every day you get up, whether it’s culture, in income, in condition. And yet, a good day or a bad day: What are you going every one of them needs to have a world-

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class education and a world-class opportunity this opportunity and deal with these chal- to make the most of his or her life. lenges. And we ought to do it right now, this And third, we have to grow the economy year, with no excuses. while meeting the challenges of global re- Now thirdly, we must do more to continue sponsibility, including global environmental to close the investment gap for our young challenges. And if we are ever forced to really people and our people in their working years. choose between one or the other, then our For more and more, the income gap in children and grandchildren will be the losers. America is a skill gap. We’ve made dramatic So let’s deal with these things briefly. In progress in opening the doors of college to the economic arena I think we have to do all Americans, in hooking our classrooms up the following things. First, in the next year to the Internet, in raising standards in our and beyond we must maintain our hard-won schools and promoting more school choice fiscal discipline, keeping our budget bal- and charter schools, in putting 100,000 new anced, saying that no tax cuts or spending teachers in our schools to deal with the grow- programs, no matter how attractive, can put ing student population, which we began to our prosperity at risk by driving us back into deficits. do last year and we must continue this year. Second, since all respected prognoses tells In my upcoming State of the Union Ad- us that we are, in fact, entering an era of dress, I will propose further reforms and im- sustained surpluses, we should use this as an provements in our public schools, and I will opportunity to address the challenges of an also advance a new training agenda to give aging Nation. As I said, soon the number of the American people the assurance that they elderly Americans will double. This rep- will be able to get the skills they need for resents a seismic demographic shift for the a lifetime of competition in the global econ- United States. omy. I am grateful that last year the Congress Fourth, at this time of turmoil in the inter- agreed with me to set aside the surplus until national economy, we must do more to make we save Social Security. Now it is time to the world economy work for all our people actually save Social Security for the 21st cen- and, indeed, for ordinary citizens throughout tury and to strengthen and secure Medicare the world. I want to press forward with open for many more years. Medicare is a great leg- trade; I have always believed in it. It would acy of Congressman Dingell’s father. It is a be a terrible mistake at this time of economic great program. A lot of people depend upon fragility for so many of our friends and neigh- it. It needs some support. And there will be bors and democratic allies, for the United some money involved. States to build walls of protectionism that We have the ability now to deal with the could set off similar responses around the challenges of the aging population. And as world and lead us into a sustained global re- you know, I also proposed a few days ago cession. That would be a mistake. On the a tax credit to help people pay for long-term other hand, if we expect the American people care. If we can save Social Security for the to support open trade, we must be prepared 21st century, if we can strengthen and secure to bring the full force of our trade laws to Medicare for the 21st century, if we can help families to deal with the challenges of long- bear upon any and all unfair trade practices. term care, we will have gone a long way not Just yesterday I addressed such a practice only to make sure that the older years of peo- when I sent a comprehensive action plan to ple will be more secure but to alleviate one Congress outlining our response to the dra- of the principal worries that people of my matic increase in steel imports into the generation have, which is that our retire- United States, especially in the area of hot- ment, because we’re such a big group, will rolled steel, where the prices are below what be so costly that it will undermine our chil- anyone believes the reasonable cost of pro- dren’s standard of living and their ability to duction is anyplace in the world. raise our grandchildren. None of us want Let me be clear: I am especially concerned that, and we have to take this surplus and about the dramatic surge of steel imports

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from Japan. But there are problems else- hedge funds and all that, very often have in- where, too. If these imports do not soon re- vestments that are guaranteed by only 10 turn to their pre-financial crisis levels, my ad- percent margins, far lower margins than peo- ministration is willing to initiate forceful ac- ple can buy stock, for example. tion, under our section 201 surge protection And the real danger has been, as you have laws and under our antidumping laws. An seen all this happen, is, number one, that open, fair, rule-based system is essential to a problem in one country can spread to an- American prosperity. I cannot go to the Con- other and a problem in one region can spread gress and ask for expanded trading authority, to another region. And then if all of our trad- for an Africa trade initiative, for a trade initia- ing partners are affected, then we are af- tive for our neighbors in the Caribbean, un- fected because there aren’t any markets for less the American people know that whatever our products anymore. Now, we can’t have the rules are, we intend to play by the rules, a global trading system unless people can and we expect others to play by the rules, move money around in a hurry and at great as well. volumes. No one wants to interfere with that. I would also tell you that this question of So the question is, how can we do that whether ordinary working people are bene- and still avoid running the risk of having fited by expanded trade is an even more deep these huge boom/bust cycles in the world question in other countries than it is in the economy of the kind that caused domestic United States. I went all the way to Switzer- depression in the United States and else- land a few months ago on the 50th anniver- where in the late twenties and throughout sary of the World Trade Organization, to the thirties. And we are working very hard argue for changes in the world trading system with other countries to come to grips with for the 21st century, changes that will make this, to try a way—find a way to facilitate sure that the competition never becomes a it. race to the bottom, changes in labor protec- But to give you some idea of the mag- tion, consumer protection, environmental nitude of the problem, every day about $1.5 protection. trillion crosses national borders in currency We should support more free trade, and transactions—far, far, far—a multiple times we should support more input from and con- more than the daily value of trade and goods sideration of those sectors. We should be lev- and services and daily investments. So the eling up, not leveling down. Strengthening trick is that we’ve been struggling with the the foundations of trade also means we have Europeans, struggling with the Asians, strug- to stabilize the architecture of international gling with people on every continent who un- finance. Now, I’d like to just talk about this derstand this. for a moment. How can we modernize the financial archi- All of you know in the last year how the tecture, which was created 50 years ago, to global financial crisis has hurt our farmers, facilitate trade and investment so that it also our ranchers, our manufacturers. You’ve seen supports this global economy and the move- it in the steel industry. One of the problems ment of money in ways that never could have we have with the import of steel from Russia been imagined? I think we’re making is that the currency value has collapsed as progress, but I expect it to be a major focus the money has flown the country. One of the of my international efforts this year. And I problems that they had in a lot of the Asian hope, even though it’s a fairly obscure proc- countries, from Indonesia to Korea to Thai- ess, it will be clear enough to everyone that land to other countries that have been trou- we will have support for the United States bled, is that money flees the country. Money leading the way. moves across the globe in volumes and at Let me say, finally, we have to do more speed far greater than ever before. And it to renew our greatest untapped markets so has created a situation which permits enor- that we can continue growth without infla- mous increased investment almost overnight tion. They are not around the world; they but also can trigger a collapse. All these fi- are in our underinvested, urban, and rural nancial mechanisms, the derivatives and areas here at home.

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You heard Mayor Archer say that the un- about. The main idea I want to leave you employment rate in Detroit proper had gone with is that the temptation to rest on our from 16 to 6 percent. I hope the empower- laurels and relax because times are good ment zone had something to do with that. must be resisted. We have done everything we could across Every business here subject to competition a whole range of policies to help our cities knows that good times today can become bad and our rural areas to attract more invest- times tomorrow if you don’t stay ahead of ment and opportunity. My budget in the next curve. The same is true for a nation. We will few weeks, which I’ll submit to the Congress, never have, in all probability, in the lifetime will include more initiatives to have more op- of the people in this room, a better oppor- portunities. tunity to take the long view, to imagine how Next week at the Wall Street Project in our children will live when they’re our age, New York, convened by the people who run to imagine how our grandchildren will live the Stock Exchange, major companies, and when they are our age. These are the chal- Reverend Jackson, I will talk about how we lenges we should be dealing with today. And can do more to bring growth to emerging as we deal with them, because they will in- markets here at home. spire further confidence and further invest- And lastly, let me just say a brief word ment, they will strengthen the American about the environment. Last May here at the economy and the American society in the Economic Club, the Vice President spoke near term, as well. and asserted that we believe we can achieve Henry Ford said, ‘‘Coming together is a economic growth along with cleaner air and beginning. Keeping together is progress. cleaner water and meeting the challenge of Working together is a success.’’ That is the global climate change. That is, after all, the question for us. Will we rest on our laurels, idea behind the partnership for the next gen- become diverted in our energies, or keep eration vehicle, which we started 6 years ago working together? If we work together there with those of you in the auto industry here, are no limits to 21st century America. And developing cleaner, more fuel efficient cars that’s what we owe our children: No limits. and hoping to make American car companies Thank you, and God bless you. even more competitive in the global econ- omy. New European Currency I was pleased to see some of the fruits of Q. Mr. President, we work until 1:30 p.m., that partnership along with the fruits of other and with that in mind, we have some ques- governmental-funded investment at the Auto tions that have come from the audience. Show today. And I’m looking forward to see- They are a series of questions, but I’ll boil ing the concept cars from each of the compa- them down on this issue: What are your nies in a year or so. thoughts about trade and finance after the Now, let me say these are some of the big launch of the euro, and what effect will the challenges. You may not wake up every day euro dollar have on the United States econ- worried about the global financial markets. omy? You may not wake up every day worried The President. I have supported the eco- about the Social Security system. And if nomic and political integration of Europe for you’re anywhere near drawing it, I hope you a very long time now. As it proceeds and as don’t, because it’s fine for the next few years. people begin to see Europe as a single entity, But it has been a generation since we have we will all come to understand that they have had the combination of economic and social more people in the aggregate and a bigger circumstances which give us the emotional economy in the aggregate than we do. There and financial space to think about the future. may come a time in the future when, instead And this country is changing in dramatic of the dollar being the accepted standard of ways. I didn’t talk about the challenges of international currency, it will be the dollar immigration today and our obligations to and the euro. No one really knows. children and to our new citizens. There are But I believe that anything that facilitates lots of things that we didn’t have time to talk growth and opportunity for our friends in

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Europe has to be good for us, as long as they States in recent months, over the last year, don’t build walls around the European com- by Japan and Russia and, to a lesser extent, munity. That is, if Europe continues to be by Korea and others. a more open trading environment, if this The Secretary—the first thing that we’re gives them the confidence and security to doing is that the Secretary of Commerce, Bill take down even more barriers—because our Daley, under the law, is responding to the economy is still more open than Europe— American steel companies who have asked this will be a very good thing. for an antidumping determination against We need to support their success. We Japan, Russia, and Brazil. And he is looking should hope that this will lead to a more rap- into that and he will make findings. And if idly rising standard of living in the European he finds that the legal definition is triggered, countries that don’t have such a high stand- then he will be able to impose offsetting du- ard of living. We should hope that this brings ties. them great new opportunities. And we The second thing is what I said in my should believe and have enough confidence speech. I went to Tokyo not very long ago, that if they’ll keep their doors open, that we’ll you may remember, after—I went to Korea get more than our fair share of opportunities. and to Japan, along toward the end of last We should also hope that it will bring more year. And I have made it very clear that while political self-confidence and that we will be I am very sympathetic with Japan’s economic able to work with them even more rapidly problems and I want to do everything I can and more comprehensively in dealing with to support the Government there in getting other challenges, like the challenges we face out of them, bankrupting the American steel in Kosovo, or the one we faced a few years industry—that went through so much to be- ago in Bosnia that we’re still working on. come competitive through the 1980’s and has So on balance, I have to say I think this is a good thing and I think it’s an inevitable already given up a huge percentage of its em- thing. And I don’t think it would be worth ployee base in modernizing—is not my idea a moment’s attention by anyone to rue the of the way to achieve it. And quite simply, day it happened. They are the masters of we expect those with exports from Japan in their own fate; they are going in this direc- the hot-rolled steel area to return to pre-cri- tion. I think, on balance, it’s positive, and sis levels. And if they don’t and don’t do it we need to figure out how to make it a good soon, then we are prepared to go forward thing for America and a good thing for the with this antisurge section 201 action I men- world. tioned, as well as to look at antidumping ac- tion and other steel products. Steel Imports I should tell you that the preliminary indi- Q. Mr. President, you touched on this in cations are that the exports have dropped your remarks, but perhaps you could amplify. quite a lot in the last month since that mes- The question is: Dumping of steel by foreign sage was made clear and unambiguous. But producers is hurting American steel industry I think that’s important. I offered, yesterday, severely. What is the administration going to a tax change in the law on a five-year basis do about dumping of steel in the American only, to increase the loss carry-forward ca- market? pacity of our steel companies, because this The President. Well, first of all, let me is unprecedented, at least in the 6 years I’ve say there are—my judgment, this steel been President, I’ve never seen anything like dumping problem—I have to be careful this happen to one sector of our economy about this—the Secretary of Commerce is so quickly with such obvious consequences. examining the dumping facts and that’s a We are also negotiating with the Russians term of legal art, so I shouldn’t be character- to return to pre-crisis levels there and deal izing it before he has made his actual factual with the problem. Again, I’m very sympa- determination. I know of no place in the thetic, the Russians need to earn all the world, however, where steel can be produced money they can. They’ve had all kinds of peo- at the price that it’s been sold in the United ple taking money out of their economy. And

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we want a democratic Russia to stay demo- sponse Initiative, training African soldiers to cratic and free and open. But we took last deal with civil wars and other problems year roughly 20 times the hot-rolled steel there. We are everywhere. from Japan, Russia, and other countries that And what’s happening is, as we’ve Europe did, and their market is 30 percent downsized the military, the following prob- bigger than ours. So I hope none of you will lems have arisen, and you should all be aware think that I’ve gone stark-raving protectionist of them. Number one, the deployments over- by simply trying to enforce our laws and keep seas are lasting longer and the breaks be- a fair system here. tween them are shorter. Number two, we haven’t had the money to replace and repair Defense Spending our equipment as rapidly as we should. Num- Q. Mr. President, you recently proposed ber three, married people in the military who boosting the defense by about $100 billion have families and children and who need to over the next 6 fiscal years. What is it that live in military housing have not seen any you hope to accomplish? And another ques- significant improvements in their military tion was asked, among several—what is the housing. Number four, we have not done as policy that you have implemented to attempt much as we could have done, and as much to keep so many key military men and I think we’ll have to do in the years ahead, women from leaving their positions? in modernizing the weapons that we have. The President. From leaving their posi- And as you saw in the recent military action tions? in Iraq, where we did a terrific amount of Q. Aging out or—— damage to the military infrastructure and the The President. Well, first of all, the mili- weapons of mass destruction infrastructure, tary budget peeked in the late eighties and while causing the deaths, the unintended has been going down either in absolute terms deaths of far, far, fewer civilians than were or relative to inflation ever since, until a cou- lost even in the Gulf war a few years ago. ple of years ago when we stabilized it. We The technological edge the United States has have dramatically reduced the size of our is very important. Armed Forces. We have dramatically re- Finally, in certain critical areas, we just duced the civilian work force supporting can’t keep up with recruitment. We have a those armed forces. lot of pilots leaving because the airlines are But we now have downsized our force al- doing very well, and they can get jobs making most to, I think, the point where we a lot of money working for the airline compa- shouldn’t go lower. We can’t go any lower nies. And I don’t blame them, but it would and maintain our present military strategy, bother you if you knew I needed the Amer- which among other things, calls upon us to ican Air Force and there weren’t enough be able to fight in two separate regional con- people to go fly the planes. flicts at roughly the same time and enables So when I say we’re going to spend $100 us to fulfill our responsibilities from Bosnia, billion over 10 years, you should know that where we’re keeping the peace and have some of that money is coming out of savings saved Lord knows how many lives, to Central the Defense Department has achieved. And America, where today and for the last several when inflation is lower than we thought, weeks, ever since Hurricane Mitch, the worst when fuel costs are lower than we thought, hurricane in well over a century, devastated normally they’d have to give up that money— Central America, you’ve had several thou- we’re just letting them have money that they sand of your fellow Americans in uniform were budgeted for anyway. Some of that who have been down there working every money will be new money. But we have to day to help rebuild it. And we have people raise pay, we have to improve living condi- on the seas, people in foreign countries, all tions, we have to make sure that people are over the world, on every continent. on safe equipment. I visited in Africa, when Hillary and I went You know, not a single one of those planes to Africa this year, I visited the young Ameri- that flew in Iraq came down, not a single cans that are part of the Africa Crisis Re- bolt came loose, because people that you will

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never see worked like crazy, maintaining he got up on a tank alone when they tried those planes in tip-top shape condition. They to take democracy back in Russia, and he should—no American pilot, no man or said to all the soldiers all around him in the woman that flies those airplanes should ever threat to take democracy away, ‘‘You may do have to worry about getting into an airplane, this, but you’ll have to kill me first.’’ And worrying about whether it’s been properly he was standing on that tank all by himself. maintained, whether the equipment was The late Prime Minister of Israel, Yitzak there and all of these things. Rabin, who was assassinated by one of his So that’s what this is all about. And we own citizens for working for peace with the are going to invest some more money in Arabs, after he’d spent a lifetime protecting modernized equipment. I hope you will sup- the people of Israel in uniform. port this. I know everybody would like to see But I think among the politicians, the po- more money spent everywhere else, but they litical leaders I’ve met, I could mention many deserve it. more, but I think the most interesting one I’ve met, for me, for a particular reason, is Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela, the President of South Afri- Q. Mr. President, we are out of time, but ca. And I say that for this reason—to the as a presiding officer I always attempt to try young people—you should think about this to reach to our young people who have tried the next time something bad happens to you, to ask—and they do ask some very interesting and you get discouraged. and challenging questions. I close with these Bad things happen to kids, you know, peo- two combined, one written by a person who ple they like don’t like them; gang members is age 13 and the other by the age 12. try to push them around, maybe threaten Mr. President, are there horses and a them, maybe even hurt them; they make horse barn at the White House? If so, could grades that they don’t think are as good as you please send me a picture? And who is they ought to be. You know. Disappoint- the most interesting person you have met ments happen in life. during your Presidency? Nelson Mandela was in prison for 27 years The President. There are no horses or because of his political beliefs. And we talked horse barns in the White House. There is once about it. And he walked out of there a place where Socks and Buddy sleep. How- with enough mental and emotional strength ever, the President can ride horses either in to take all the support that he had generated Rock Creek Park or up at Camp David, and by becoming the symbol of South African the National Park Service keeps horses, won- freedom and to win in a landslide the first derful horses, which my family and I some- free election they had had in 350 years and times ride, and if we have friends come to do it in a way that brought people together spend the weekend with us, we can ride. So across racial and political lines instead of we do have access to horses, but they’re not driving them apart. right there on the premises. When I went to South Africa, Nelson It’s very difficult to answer who is the most Mandela, for example, arranged for me to interesting person I’ve met since I’ve been have lunch with legislative leaders. And one President because I meet all different kinds of them was the leader of the most militant of people. For example, some of you know right-wing, white party there who had once I love music very much, and one of the big threatened to restart a civil war if Nelson perks about being President is that if you ask Mandela got elected President. And Mandela somebody to come perform, they’ll pretty sat down and talked to him and convinced well do it. [Laughter] So it’s been a real kick, him he ought to be part of the political sys- you know. [Laughter] tem. And then when I came to South Africa, And I’ve met a lot of very fascinating peo- instead of having me eat lunch with all of ple in public life. But among the most inter- his allies, he had me sit down and eat lunch esting people I’ve met are the President of with this fellow. China, who is a fascinating man; Boris I have a minister friend who ran into Presi- Yeltsin, who is a fascinating man. Remember, dent Mandela at the airport in Johannesburg,

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and he came up to a little 5-year-old white So I asked him, I said, ‘‘Now, when you girl, and he asked the young girl if she knew took that last walk, tell me the truth, didn’t who he was, and the young girl said, ‘‘Yes, you hate them again?’’ He said, ‘‘Yes, I start- you’re President Mandela. You’re my Presi- ed to.’’ And he said, ‘‘I was also scared be- dent.’’ And he looked at this little child now, cause I hadn’t been free in a long time. I after all his life, and he said, ‘‘Yes, young was actually scared. And I was filled with lady,’’ and he said, ‘‘If you study hard in anger. And then I thought to myself, when school and you learn a lot about things, you, I become free, I want to be free. If I still too, could grow up to be President of South hate them, I won’t be free. They’ve had Africa.’’ enough of my time. I’m not giving them any Hillary and Chelsea and I have all become more, not another day.’’ friends of President Mandela but also fas- This is a very long answer to a child’s ques- cinated by how he survived 27 years in pris- tion, but it’s an important answer. That’s why on. There was over a decade in which he he’s the most interesting person I’ve met be- didn’t have a bed in his cell. A dozen years cause I don’t know another human being that of breaking rocks, an experience which cost suffered so much for so long and came out him seeing his children grow up, ultimately so much stronger and richer and deeper than cost him his marriage and subjected him to he went into his period of suffering. all sorts of physical and emotional abuse. And And so I ask the children here and the he walked out of prison, got elected Presi- parents here to think about it when times dent, invited his jailers to his inauguration. get tough. And I ask America to think about it when we have all these racial and religious So I asked him one day, I said, ‘‘How did and political divisions that we think are so you do this?’’ I said, ‘‘How did you go without big—we spend all of our time trying to solve hating them?’’ And he said, ‘‘Well, you know, the problems in Northern Ireland, the Mid- I did hate them for a long time, about 12 dle East, and other places in the world. None years.’’ And he said, ‘‘One day I was out there of the people—practically none of the people breaking rocks in prison, and I thought, look that are involved in any of this stuff around what they’ve taken away from me. They’ve the world and nobody here in America has taken the best years of my life. I can’t see ever been through anything—anything—like my kids grow up. They brutalized me. They what he went through. can take everything. They can take every- And so when we call for a spirit of rec- thing from me but my mind and my heart. onciliation and unity and community and Now, those things I will have to give to them. mutual respect in America, we ought to think I don’t think I will give them away.’’ You about Nelson Mandela. If it was good for think about that—I don’t think I will give him, it would sure be good for us. them away. Thank you, and bless you all. The morning Nelson Mandela got out of prison, it was an early Sunday morning in NOTE: The President spoke at 12:48 p.m. at the America, in the Central Time Zone. And I Cobo Conference Center. In his remarks, he re- got my daughter up, and I took her down ferred to Mayor Dennis W. Archer of Detroit; to the kitchen and turned the television on Wayne County Executive Edward H. McNamara; and sat her up on the counter—she was a former Governor and former Ambassador to Can- little girl—and I said, ‘‘I want you to watch ada James J. Blanchard; Representative John D. Dingell’s wife, Debbie; Representative John Con- this. This is one of the most important things yers, Jr.’s son, John Conyers III; Representative you’ll ever see.’’ And some of you remember Sander M. Levin’s wife, Vicki; Representative Bart when Mandela took that last long walk to Stupak’s wife, Laurie; civil rights leader Rev. Jesse freedom, when he was coming out of the Jackson; President Jiang Zemin of China; and prison. President Boris Yeltsin of Russia.

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Digest of Other ber of the Board of Directors of the Overseas White House Announcements Private Investment Corporation. January 8 In the morning, the President traveled to The following list includes the President’s public schedule and other items of general interest an- Detroit, MI, where he toured the North nounced by the Office of the Press Secretary and American International Auto Show. not included elsewhere in this issue. In the afternoon, the President returned to Washington, DC, arriving in the evening. The President announced his intention to January 2 nominate James Roger Angel to the Board The White House announced that the of Trustees of the Barry Goldwater Scholar- President exchanged letters with President ship and Excellence in Education Founda- Jiang Zemin of China celebrating the 20th tion. anniversary of the establishment of diplo- The President announced his intention to matic relations between the two nations. nominate Myrta K. Sale to be Controller, Of- fice of Federal Financial Management at the January 5 Office of Management and Budget. In the morning, the President met with The President declared a major disaster in King Hussein I of Jordan. Illinois and ordered Federal aid to supple- In the afternoon, the President briefly at- ment State and local recovery efforts in the tended a meeting concerning the pork indus- area struck by snow beginning on January 1 try. and continuing. The President announced his intention to nominate Armando Falcon, Jr., to be Direc- tor of the Office of Federal Housing Enter- prise Oversight at the Department of Hous- ing and Urban Development. Nominations The President announced his intention to Submitted to the Senate nominate Joseph A. Cari, Jr., to be Chair and Steven Alan Bennett to be Vice Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Woodrow Wilson The following list does not include promotions of International Center for Scholars. members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of For- January 6 eign Service officers. In the morning, the President met with his foreign policy team. Submitted January 6 The President announced his intention to nominate Robert A. Seiple to be Ambassador J. Brian Atwood, at Large for International Religious Free- of the District of Columbia, to be Ambas- dom. sador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of The President announced his intention to the United States of America to Brazil. nominate Wayne O. Burkes to be a member Wayne O. Burkes, of the Surface Transportation Board. of Mississippi, to be a member of the Surface The President announced his intention to Transportation Board for a term expiring De- nominate Regina Montoya to be U.S. Rep- cember 31, 2002, vice Gus A. Owen, term resentative to the 53d session of the General expired. Assembly of the United Nations. The President announced his intention to Melvin E. Clark, Jr., nominate Carolyn L. Huntoon to be Assistant of the District of Columbia, to be a member Secretary for Environmental Management at of the Board of Directors of the Overseas the Department of Energy. Private Investment Corporation for a term The President announced his intention to expiring December 17, 1999, vice Gloria nominate Melvin E. Clark, Jr., to be a mem- Rose Ott, term expired.

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Carolyn L. Huntoon, of service as Special Coordinator for Rwanda/ of Virginia, to be an Assistant Secretary of Burundi. Energy (Environmental Management), vice Alvin L. Alm, resigned. Harry J. Bowie, of Mississippi, to be a member of the Board Regina Montoya, of Directors of the National Consumer Co- of Texas, to be a Representative of the operative Bank for a term of 3 years, vice United States of America to the 53d session Tony Scallon, term expired. of the General Assembly of the United Na- tions. Kenneth M. Bresnahan, of Virginia, to be Chief Financial Officer, Hassan Nemazee, Department of Labor, vice Edmundo A. of New York, to be Ambassador Extraor- Gonzales, resigned. dinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Argentina. Robert Clarke Brown, of Ohio, to be a member of the Board of Robert A. Seiple, Directors of the Metropolitan Washington of Washington, to be Ambassador at Large Airports Authority for a term expiring No- for International Religious Freedom (new vember 22, 1999, vice Jack Edwards, term position). expired. Stephen H. Glickman, William Clyburn, Jr., of the District of Columbia, to be an Associ- of South Carolina, to be a member of the ate Judge of the District of Columbia Court Surface Transportation Board for a term ex- of Appeals for the term of 15 years, vice John piring December 31, 2000, vice J.J. Simmons Maxwell Ferren, term expired. III, term expired. Hiram E. Puig-Lugo, Gordon Davidson, of the District of Columbia, to be an Associ- of California, to be a member of the National ate Judge of the Superior Court of the Dis- Council on the Arts for a term expiring Sep- trict of Columbia for the term of 15 years, tember 3, 2004, vice Kenneth Malerman vice Arthur L. Burnett, Sr., resigned. Jarin, term expired. Eric T. Washington, Montie R. Deer, of the District of Columbia, to be an Associ- of Kansas, to be Chairman of the National ate Judge of the District of Columbia Court Indian Gaming Commission for the term of of Appeals for the term of 15 years, vice War- 3 years, vice Tadd Johnson. ren Roger King, resigned. Sylvia de Leon, Kay Kelley Arnold, of Texas, to be a member of the Reform of Arkansas, to be a member of the Board Board (Amtrak) for a term of 5 years (new of Directors of the Inter-American Founda- position). tion for a term expiring October 6, 2004, vice Neil H. Offen, term expired. Vivian Lowery Derryck, an Assistant Administrator of the Agency for Hulett Hall Askew, International Development, to be a member of Georgia, to be a member of the Board of the Board of Directors of the African De- of Directors of the Legal Services Corpora- velopment Foundation for a term expiring tion for a term expiring July 13, 1999 (re- September 27, 2003, vice John F. Hicks, Sr., appointment). term expired. Richard W. Bogosian, Charles H. Dolan, Jr., of Maryland, a career member of the Senior of Virginia, to be a member of the U.S. Advi- Foreign Service, class of Minister-Counselor, sory Commission on Public Diplomacy for for the rank of Ambassador during his tenure a term expiring July 1, 2000 (reappointment).

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Craig Gordon Dunkerley, of the General Assembly of the United Na- of Massachusetts, a career member of the tions. Senior Foreign Service, class of Minister- Counselor, for the rank of Ambassador dur- Stephen Hadley, ing his tenure of service as Special Envoy of the District of Columbia, to be a member for Conventional Forces in Europe. of the Board of Directors of the U.S. Insti- tute of Peace for a term expiring January 19, Douglas S. Eakeley, 2003. of New Jersey, to be a member of the Board of Directors of the Legal Services Corpora- John Paul Hammerschmidt, tion for a term expiring July 13, 1999 (re- of Arkansas, to be a member of the Board appointment). of Directors of the Metropolitan Washington Susan G. Esserman, Airports Authority for a term of 4 years (new of Maryland, to be Deputy U.S. Trade Rep- position). resentative, with the rank of Ambassador, vice Jeffery M. Lang, resigned. Denis J. Hauptly, of Minnesota, to be Chairman of the Special Timothy Fields, Jr., Panel on Appeals for a term of 6 years, vice of Virginia, to be Assistant Administrator, Of- Barbara Jean Mahone, term expired. fice of Solid Waste, Environmental Protec- tion Agency, vice Elliott Pearson Laws, re- John D. Hawke, Jr., signed. of the District of Columbia, to be Comptrol- ler of the Currency for a term of 5 years, Phyllis K. Fong, vice Eugene Allan Ludwig, resigned. of Maryland, to be Inspector General, Small Business Administration, vice James F. James Catherwood Hormel, Hoobler. of California, to be Ambassador Extraor- Timothy F. Geithner, dinary and Plenipotentiary of the United of New York, to be an Under Secretary of States of America to Luxembourg. the Treasury, vice David A. Lipton. A.E. Dick Howard, Gary Gensler, of Virginia, to be a member of the Board of Maryland, to be an Under Secretary of of Trustees of the James Madison Memorial the Treasury, vice John D. Hawke, Jr. Fellowship Foundation for a term of 6 years, vice Lance Banning. T.J. Glauthier, of California, to be Deputy Secretary of En- Albert S. Jacquez, ergy, vice Elizabeth Anne Moler. of California, to be Administrator of the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation Rose Eilene Gottemoeller, for a term of 7 years, vice Gail Clements of Virginia, to be an Assistant Secretary of McDonald, resigned. Energy (Non-Proliferation and National Se- curity), vice Archer L. Durham, resigned. Ayse Manyas Kenmore, Richard A. Grafmeyer, of Florida, to be a member of the National of Maryland, to be a member of the Social Museum Services Board for a term expiring Security Advisory Board for the remainder December 6, 2000 (reappointment). of the term expiring September 30, 2000, vice Harlan Matthews, resigned. Zalmay Khalilzad, of Maryland, to be a member of the Board Frank J. Guarini, of Directors of the U.S. Institute of Peace of New Jersey, to be a Representative of the for a term expiring January 19, 2001, vice United States of America to the 52d session Christopher H. Phillips, resigned.

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Kenneth W. Kizer, Stanley A. Riveles, of California, to be Under Secretary for of Virginia, for the rank of Ambassador dur- Health of the Department of Veterans Affairs ing his tenure of service as U.S. Commis- for a term of 4 years (reappointment). sioner to the Standing Consultative Commis- sion. George M. Langford, of New Hampshire, to be a member of the Cleo Parker Robinson, National Science Board, National Science of Colorado, to be a member of the National Foundation, for a term expiring May 10, Council on the Arts for a term expiring Sep- 2004, vice Charles Edward Hess, term ex- tember 3, 2004, vice Ira Ronald Feldman, pired. term expired.

Joseph A. Miller, Jr., Peter F. Romero, of Delaware, to be a member of the National of Florida, a career member of the Senior Science Board, National Science Founda- Foreign Service, class of Minister-Counselor, tion, for a term expiring May 10, 2004, vice to be an Assistant Secretary of State, vice Jef- John Hopcroft, term expired. frey Davidow.

Norman Y. Mineta, Maxine L. Savitz, of California, to be a member of the Board of California, to be a member of the National of Directors of the Metropolitan Washington Science Board, National Science Founda- Airports Authority for a term of 6 years (new tion, for a term expiring May 10, 2004, vice position). Frank H.T. Rhodes, term expired. Arthur J. Naparstek, Paul L. Seave, of Ohio, to be a member of the Board of of California, to be U.S. Attorney for the Directors of the Corporation for National Eastern District of California for a term of and Community Service for a term expiring 4 years, vice Charles Joseph Stevens, re- October 6, 2003 (reappointment). signed. Jose Antonio Perez, of California, to be U.S. Marshal for the Luis Sequeira, Southern District of California for the term of Wisconsin, to be a member of the National of 4 years, vice Steven Simpson Gregg. Science Board, National Science Founda- tion, for a term expiring May 10, 2004, vice Susan E. Rice, Ian M. Ross, term expired. an Assistant Secretary of State, to be a mem- ber of the Board of Directors of the African Gerald M. Shea, Development Foundation for a term expiring of the District of Columbia, to be a member September 17, 2003, vice George Edward of the Social Security Advisory Board for a Moose, term expired. term expiring September 30, 2004 (re- appointment). Bill Richardson, of New Mexico, to be the Representative of James M. Simon, Jr., the United States of America to the 42d ses- of Alabama, to be Assistant Director of Cen- sion of the General Conference of the Inter- tral Intelligence for Administration (new po- national Atomic Energy Agency. sition).

Robert C. Richardson, Jack J. Spitzer, of New York, to be a member of the National of Washington, to be Alternate Representa- Science Board, National Science Founda- tive of the United States of America to the tion, for a term expiring May 10, 2004, vice 52d session of the General Assembly of the James L. Powell, term expired. United Nations.

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William Lacy Swing, Submitted January 7 of North Carolina, a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, class of Career Min- James Roger Angel, ister, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and of Arizona, to be a member of the Board Plenipotentiary of the United States of of Trustees of the Barry Goldwater Scholar- America to the Democratic Republic of the ship and Excellence in Education Founda- Congo. tion for a term expiring February 4, 2002, vice Charles Szu, term expired.

Ruth Y. Tamura, Alejandro N. Mayorkas, of Hawaii, to be a member of the National of California, to be U.S. Attorney for the Museum Services Board for a term expiring Central District of California, vice Nora Mar- December 6, 2001 (reappointment). garet Manella, resigned.

Chang-Lin Tien, Myrta K. Sale, of California, to be a member of the National of Maryland, to be Controller, Office of Fed- Science Board, National Science Founda- eral Financial Management, Office of Man- tion, for a term expiring May 10, 2004, vice agement and Budget, vice G. Edward Richard Neil Zare, term expired. DeSeve.

Edwin M. Truman, John T. Spotila, of Maryland, to be a Deputy Under Secretary of New Jersey, to be Administrator of the of the Treasury, vice Timothy F. Geithner. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, vice Sally Katzen. Mark Reid Tucker, of North Carolina, to be U.S. Marshal for Thomas Lee Strickland, the Eastern District of North Carolina for of Colorado, to be U.S. Attorney for the Dis- the term of 4 years, vice William I. Berryhill. trict of Colorado for the term of 4 years, vice Henry Lawrence Solano, resigned. John F. Walsh, of Connecticut, to be a Governor of the U.S. Postal Service for a term expiring December 8, 2006, vice Bert H. Mackie, term expired. Checklist of White House Press Releases Diane Edith Watson, of California, to be Ambassador Extraor- dinary and Plenipotentiary of the United The following list contains releases of the Office States of America to the Federated States of the Press Secretary that are neither printed as of Micronesia. items nor covered by entries in the Digest of Other White House Announcements. Kent M. Wiedemann, of California, a career member of the Senior Released January 2 Foreign Service, class of Minister-Counselor, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni- Statement by the Press Secretary on the potentiary of the United States of America President’s exchange of letters with President to the Kingdom of Cambodia. Jiang Zemin of China on the 20th anniversary of diplomatic relations Alice Rae Yelen, Fact sheet: Strengthening America’s Military of Louisiana, to be a member of the National Released January 4 Museum Services Board for a term expiring December 6, 2001, vice Fay S. Howell, term Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- expired. retary Joe Lockhart

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Transcript of a press briefing by Health and Announcement of nomination for District of Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala on Columbia Superior Court and District of Co- the President’s long-term health care initia- lumbia Court of Appeals Judges tive Released January 7 Released January 5 Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- retary Joe Lockhart Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- retary Joe Lockhart Released January 8 Transcript of a press briefing by National Transcript of remarks by Special Counsel Drug Control Policy Director Barry McCaf- Gregory Craig on the upcoming Senate trial frey on the President’s zero tolerance for drugs in prison initiative Announcement of nomination of U.S. Attor- ney for the District of Colorado Transcript of a press briefing by Special As- sistant for National Security Affairs Robert Bell on military readiness Acts Approved Released January 6 by the President Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- retary Joe Lockhart NOTE: No acts approved by the President were Transcript of remarks by Vice President Al received by the Office of the Federal Register Gore on the fiscal year 1999 budget surplus during the period covered by this issue.

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