Do You Know Me...?

Do you know me...?

Brian Behlendorf Co-founder Apache

Do you know me...?

William A. Rowe Jr. Projects:

● Apache HTTP Server ● Apache HTTPD mod_ftp ● Apache Portable Runtime ● Apache Incubator ● Apache Standard C++ Library ● Apache Incubator Lokahi ● mod_aspdotnet

Do you know me...?

Jimmy Wales Co-founder, Wikipedia

Do you know me...?

Do you know me...? Justin Anthony Knapp (892,559)

Do you know me...?

Martin Dougiamas Founder of Moodle

Do you know me...?

Do you know me...? Tim Hunt

tt hh rr oo uu gg hh OO pp ee nn nn ee ss ss

Open source software, open educational resources, open content, open access, open research, open courseware: “open everything.” Open initiatives share, and benefit from, a vision of communication, collaboration, and community—i.e. connection—promising improved outcomes as organizations transition from consumers to “prosumers.” Understanding and measuring how openness both enables, and relies on, “the power of connections” is critical as campuses investigate the feasibility and viability of open projects and invest in open economies. This presentation will describe a model for individuals and organizations, to not only understand and assess openness within organizations, but also connect authentically and productively in open communities.

Patrick Masson Thursday, May 31, 2012 Stony Brook University tt hh rr oo uu gg hh CC oo nn nn ee cc tt ii oo nn ss

What is the point?

● Open methods are now seen as a viable and feasible means for resource development. ● We don't need anymore open initiatives. ● The lessons learned from OSS communities provide an excellent model for other organizations supporting OER. ● Agile principles promote practices for engaging authentically in open communities.

The Story of “O” (As in Open Source) http://www.cit.suny.edu/cit2004/ov5story.htm

PhillipPhillip D.D. LongLong Senior Strategist The e-decade [1990's] The o-decade [2000's] Academic Computing Enterprise ● open systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology ● e-business ● open tools ● e-Bay ● open archives ● e-publishing ● open access ● E-commerce ● open source ● open standards

State University of New York http://www.cit.suny.edu/cit2004/CIT04PhotoGallery/ "ideas should freely spread from one to another over the globe” The Story of “O[penness]” Liberation technology is not anti-business interoperability OpenCourseWare looks counter-intuitive in a market-driven world. It goes against the grain of current material values. But it really is consistent with what I believe is the best about MIT. It is innovative. It expresses our belief in the way education can be advanced portability – by constantly widening access to information and by inspiring others to participate.” Choice Creativity across a continuum of Sustainability persistence non-exclusive commercial rights Code what counts...borrow or buy the rest Freedom of use: to run the program, for any purpose. Freedom of inquiry: to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs. Access to the source code is a precondition for this. Freedom to share: to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor. Freedom to contribute: to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits. Access to the source code is a precondition for this P o o l e d i n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y MIT's Open Courseware counters the privatization of knowledge and champions the movement Scholarship as a methodology Coordinated effort toward greater openness Liberation Technology open and Encourage derivative works extensible architecture Modular & pre-integrated Flexibility Standards-based model We hope you will escape to the free world. The free world is the new continent in cyberspace that we have built so we can live here in freedom. It's impossible to live in freedom in the old world of cyberspace, where every program has its feudal lord that bullies and mistreats the users. So, to live in freedom we have to build a new continent. Because this is a virtual continent, it has room for everyone... So everyone is welcome in the free world, come to the free world, live with us in freedom. The free software movement aims for the liberation of cyberspace and everyone in it.

Richard Stallman “Free Software in Ethics and Practice” CMC MSU, Moscow, Russia, (3 March 2008) Proselytizing & Prophecy

Nikolai Bezroukov. Softpanorama http://www.softpanorama.org/People/Stallman/index.shtml Open Learning: ...imagine making it all open, so that people can modify it, play with it, improve it. Imagine making it free.....and imagine using information technology so that you can update this content, improve it, play with it, on a timescale that's more on the order of seconds instead of years. We're working on the open-source tools and the content.

- http://www.ted.com/talks/richard_baraniuk_on_open_source_learning.html

Barriers: Feasibility and viability

MS is g an L The op hangin the en source C e" and tota acquisitio isruptiv source lly differen n model is d f open t than the tions o ntial software commerci attrac substa acquisitio al 't been us n model. haven o make (yet) t nough ction. e ge dire chan Open so Other costs are high in urce solution not li s are ke free beer; by... hiring developers to mo much gged st re like free p I’m na the co keep the products uppies! bout tions a ersus functional. ques urce v pen so ware. of o l soft Wha mercia t you com fee give s you up in may licen Open source... requires increased intern gain se e al su back speci ppor in management and communication to undertake mo ally if t cos difica you ts many of the functions that a vendor does in tions want or ad to do providing product research, development, base d-on soft s to t documentation, training and consultation. ware. he

The EDUCAUSE CIO Constituent Group Listserv Adoption rates (of the open model)

Since the time the label open source was first introduced, other open initiatives "outside the hacker culture" emerged, including open access and open content in 1998, open courseware and open educational resources in 2002, and open research/science in 2005.

Archives of the American Scientist Open Access Forum, ; David Wiley, "Defining 'Open,'" Iterating toward Openness, November 16, 2009, ; "Learn for Free Online," BBC News, September 22, 2002, ; UNESCO, "Forum on the Impact of Open Courseware for Higher Education in Developing Countries: Final Report" (Paris, July 1–3, 2002), ; Susannah Fox, "Open Research Since 2000," Pew Internet & American Life Project, April 27, 2010, . See also Amit Deshpande and Dirk Riehle, "The Total Growth of Open Source," Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Open Source Systems (OSS 2008) (New York: Springer Verlag, 2008), pp. 197–209, .

Open Content: In 1998, shortly after the summit where the phrase “open source” was coined, I began to feel that the same methodology should be applied to educational materials. That summer I made up the phrase “open content” and began trying to promote the idea. - David Wiley, October 9, 2011 http://change11.info/index.php/David_Wiley

Guess what! We've won!!!

Ranking 17th on the list of Open-source software competitors contributors to the Linux kernel, have long been snapping at Microsoft, the company that once Blackboard Inc.’s heels. And after called Linux a "cancer,"... Because years of watching those rivals chip Linux has reached a state of away at its market share, the ubiquity.....Microsoft is clearly District-based education working to adapt. In other words, technology giant has taken a some might recall the old adage: "If radical tack: If you can’t beat ’em, you can't beat 'em, join 'em." buy ’em.

Linux, Open Source & Ubuntu News Washington Business Journal Microsoft Ranks 17 on List of Top Linux Kernel Contributors Blackboard’s open-source play a major strategic shift http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Linux-and-Open-Source/Microsoft- http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/print- Ranks-17-on-List-of-Top-Linux-Kernel-Contributors-847629/ edition/2012/03/30/blackboards-open-source-play-a-major.html

Most Significant Metatrends for the Next 10 Years

Number 5:

Openness—concepts like open content, open data, and open resources, along with notions of transparency and easy access to data and information—is moving from a trend to a value for much of the world. http://www.nmc.org/news/download-communique-horizon-project-retreat Open SUNY, 'Systemness'

● Imagine the competitive advantage for New York State if SUNY institutions joined forces as never before, pooling knowledge, pushing and building on each other’s ideas, and collaborating in ways that deploy our distinctive capabilities to the fullest extent possible.

● Zimpher laid out initiatives to grow SUNY’s online educational offerings. She plans to launch “Open SUNY” before the fall 2013 semester. OPEN SUNY would include more online course offerings, an expanded YouTube channel and a new presence on iTunes U, Zimpher said. “Open SUNY has the potential to be the nation’s most extensive distance-learning environment,” she said. “It will provide innovative and flexible education. It will network students with faculty and peers from across the state and throughout the world and link them to the best in open educational resources.” SUNY's Zimpher outlines 2012 agenda, The Business Review, Date: Monday, January 9, 2012http://www.suny.edu/powerofsuny/newsclips/BusinessReviewSOU.PDF

We don't need anymore open projects...

...we need people/organizations to join and participate—i.e. connect!.

Open Education Resources

● Coursera ● Open Courseware Consortium

● Connexions ● Open Learn

● ● DIY.edu Open Learning Initiative

● Open Knowledge Initiative ● Eduforge ● Open Society Initiative ● edX ● Open University, UK ● Free Software Foundation Europe ● P2PU ● Goodsemester ● Software Freedom Conservancy ● Khan Academy ● TED-Ed ● Linux Foundation ● Udacity ● Minerva ● UNAM Online initiative ● Mozilla Foundation ● University of the People

● GNU ● Wikiversity

● MITx ● YouTube EDU

● OERu ● University of the People

One problem, cites Rice University professor and Connexions founder Richard Baraniuk, is that the current open education landscape as a whole is quite fragmented. "There are all of these open ed depositories, but you can't easily mix and match across platforms, let alone search across them," he explains. Bringing Open Education to the Mainstream Campus Technology, Jennifer Demski 04/24/12

Often, open education proponents focus on the idea of instructors sharing their resources, rather than on the end user who’s attempting to access those resources.

Bringing Open Education to the Mainstream Campus Technology, Jennifer Demski 04/24/12

Washington State community and technical colleges to release first phase of low-cost digital courses in groundbreaking higher education venture – Ellen Marie Murphy

It seems I've seen a lot more institutions/organizations interested in/announcing their own OER initiatives rather than announcing partnerships with existing initiatives outside their own organization (even here with the OCL, this appears to be the case). - Patrick Masson

...we need more adoptions of and partnerships with existing OER. - Cable Green

...I agree that there's terribly little happening in this space... - David Wiley

The EDUCAUSE OPENNESS Constituent Group Listserv Oct. 30, 2011

With escalating costs, limited resources and growing political concern about student debt, institutions should be developing innovative ways to cooperate that will prove to be mutually beneficial...

In the past, cooperative arrangements were limited to schools near each other, but teleconferencing, Skype and the Internet have exponentially expanded opportunities for interaction. Universities can no longer afford to teach every subject that students think they need to study.

Mark C. Taylor Chair, Department of Religion Columbia University Washington Monthly May 21, 2012 http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/college_guide/blog/how_competition_is_killing_hig.php

OpenWashing

Openwashing: to spin a product or company as open, although it is not. Derived from “greenwashing.” Michelle Thorne, March 14, 2009 http://michellethorne.cc/2009/03/openwashing/

OpenWashing: Policy and Legislation

● NH: HB418 (2012) (New Title) relative to the use of open source software and open data formats by state agencies and relative to the adoption of a statewide information policy regarding open government data standards. (http://www.nhliberty.org/bills/view/2012/HB418)

● WA: HB 2337 – 2011-12 Regarding open educational resources in K-12 education. (http://apps.leg.wa.gov/billinfo/summary.aspx?bill=2337&year=2011)

● MA: Enterprise Information Technology Acquisition Policy For all prospective IT investments, agencies must consider as part of the best value evaluation all possible solutions, including open standards compliant open source and proprietary software as well as open standards compliant public sector code sharing at the local, state and federal levels. (http://www.mass.gov/anf/research-and-tech/it-pols-stnds-and-guidance/ent-pols-and-stnds/enterprise-information-technology- acquisition.html)

● UK Open Source Procurement Toolkit Where appropriate, Government will procure open source solutions. (https://update.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/resource-library/open-source-procurement- toolkit)

● Free and Open-source Software - Government Policy of Iceland when purchasing new software, free and open-source software and proprietary software are to be considered on an equal footing. (http://eng.forsaetisraduneyti.is/information-society/English/nr/2882)

● The US Government CTO on Creative Commons Chopra mentions how he “embraced the Creative Commons licensing regime” when he worked with the Commonwealth of Virginia to publish their Flexbook platform. (http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/17863)

● 2012 World OER Congress The Declaration calls on governments to support the sustainable development and dynamic use of OERs to achieve educational goals (http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/themes/icts/single- view/news/brazil_hosts_latin_america_open_educational_resources_regional_forum/)

OpenWashing: Funding & Grants

● Bipartisan Federal Research Public Access Act Public Access to all Federally Funded Research (H.R. 4004 and S. 2096) (http://www.taxpayeraccess.org/issues/frpaa/frpaa_action/FRPAA2012.shtml

● U.S. State Department The US Department of State is ramping up an effort to accelerate understanding of the potential of Open Educational Resources (OER) to improve access to high quality educational opportunities with a focus on improving literacy and numeracy around the world, particularly for women and girls currently underserved. (http://listserv.educause.edu/cgi- bin/wa.exe?A2=ind1203&L=OPENNESS&T=0&O=D&P=22104)

● US Labor Department The Departments of Labor and Education recently announced a monumental $2 billion grant program to revitalize job training programs at 2-year colleges. (http://www.dol.gov/opa/media/press/eta/eta20101436.htm)

● NIH Public Access Policy: Division G, Title II, Section 218, PL 110-161 (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008). The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall require that all investigators funded by the NIH submit or have submitted for them to the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed Central an electronic version of their final, peer- reviewed manuscripts upon acceptance for publication, to be made publicly available no later than 12 months after the official date of publication: Provided, That the NIH shall implement the public access policy in a manner consistent with copyright law. (http://publicaccess.nih.gov/policy.htm)

● Online Program Development Fund (OPDF) Online Program Development Fund has invested $9 million...100% licensed for open free sharing & reuse by all post- secondary (http://www.bccampus.ca/online-program-development-fund-opdf-2/)

● Draft Resolution 35C/DR.40 The UNESCO/Commonwealth of Learning (COL) Guidelines on OER in Higher Education indicate how the potential of OER can be harnessed to support quality teaching and learning by higher education stakeholders (http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/resources/news-and-in-focus-articles/all- news/news/unescocommonwealth_of_learning_oer_policy_guidelines_to_be_launched_at_the_unesco_general_conf erence/)) Open...?

Openness recognizes the shift from Producers and Consumers to Prosumers

Prosumer is a portmanteau formed by contracting the word producer with the word consumer. The prosumer (producer–consumer) has greater independence from the mainstream economy. It is used to differentiate the traditional passive consumer with an active consumer role more involved in the design or customization of the end product. Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave, 1980

Prosumer-ism Prosumer-ism Prosumer-ism Prosumer-ism

● Local ● Remote

● Systems managed on campus ● Systems managed off campus

● Hierarchical ● Distributed

● Top down direction ● Emergent decision making

● Centralized ● Decentralized

● Internal development ● Development undertaken by independent groups

References | Tools | Services Prosumer-ism

● Local, Hierarchical, Centralized vs. Remote, Distributed and Decentralized

● 40,000+ course sections (three years thru F/2010) ● 421,245 unique fully resolved URL's (difference, 7709, due to IP addresses) ● 19,392 unique domains

The Long Tail, Chris Anderson Prosumer-ism

Prosumer-ism

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpPZ4osXJO0&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL0DC51E8DECD36C7B

What is Open?

Open has become an It ain't open, approach for licensing 'till it's open... (distribution and acquisition), rather than what it should be, an approach for development

What is Open?

Openness.....refers to a very general philosophical position from which some individuals and organizations It ain't open, operate, often highlighted by a decision-making process recognizing communal management by 'till it's open... distributed stakeholders (users/producers/contributors) rather than a centralized authority (owners, experts, boards of directors, etc.) - Wikipedia

By actively encouraging collaboration, customization, and experimentation, open environments—whether social, cultural, or technological—best facilitate the free flow of information and ideas on which discovery, innovation, and high-quality higher education depend. - EDUCAUSE

The Ultimate Benefits of Openness

● Customizable ● Mitigates longterm risk ● Participate in project governance ● Higher reliability ● Organizational audibility ● Business/operations continuity (alignment with local ● Professional (personal/organizational) needs/expectations) development ● Community audibility ● Try before you buy (Test drive) (viability of the community) ● Multiple instances (no per copy fees) ● Business process audibility (practices) ● Reduced acquisition costs ● Technical audibility ● Emphasizes concepts, not products (quality/feasibility of the project) ● Breaks the hardware upgrade cycle ● Reduced development time ● Community access ● Avoid vendor lock-in ● Standards based ● Broader support options ● Standards setting ● Greater security ● Lower total cost of ownership ● Faster implementation (cumulative of other benefits) ● Higher quality

Ambiguity: Open Definition Open Education and a Study Group Approach to Understanding It.

● "How do you define open?"

● "free to use" (a resource) ● "free access to content" (ability to edit) ● "access to free education" (free education) ● "no accountability" (lack of oversight)

Open Definition? Cable Green & David Wiley Why Openness in Education? Game Changers ● Four R's – Revise—adapt and improve the OER so it better meets your needs. – Remix—combine or “mash up” the OER with other OER to produce new materials. – Reuse—use the original or your new version of the OER in a wide range of contexts. – Redistribute—make copies and share the original OER or your new version with others.

Open Definition? Richard Stallman, Free Software Foundation

● Four freedoms – Freedom of use: to run the program, for any purpose. – Freedom of inquiry: to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs. Access to the source code is a precondition for this. – Freedom to share: to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor. – Freedom to contribute: to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits. Access to the source code is a precondition for this

Open Definition? Open Source Initiative

1) Free Redistribution The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale.

2) Source Code The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed.

3) Derived Works The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software.

4) Integrity of The Author's Source Code The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software.

5) No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.

6) No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research.

7) Distribution of License The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties.

8) License Must Not Be Specific to a Product The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program's being part of a particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that distribution and used or distributed within the terms of the program's license, all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the original software distribution.

9) License Must Not Restrict Other Software The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the same medium must be open-source software.

10)License Must Be Technology-Neutral No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology or style of interface.

What is Open? A development process!

The 'open source' label The 'open source' label was invented at a strategy session held on February 3rd, 1998 in Palo Alto, California. The people present included Todd Anderson, Chris Peterson (of the Foresight Institute), John "maddog" Hall and Larry Augustin (both of Linux International), Sam Ockman (of the Silicon Valley Linux User's Group), Michael Tiemann, and Eric Raymond.

http://www.opensource.org/history

What is Open? A development process!

The 'open source' label The conferees decided it was time to dump the moralizing and confrontational attitude that had been associated with "free software" in the past and sell the idea strictly on the same pragmatic, business-case grounds that had motivated Netscape. They brainstormed about tactics and a new label. "Open source", contributed by Chris Peterson, was the best thing they came up with.

http://www.opensource.org/history

What is Open? A development process!

The 'open source' label ...the formation of OSI began with the publication of Eric Raymond's paper The Cathedral and the Bazaar in 1997. In this paper, Raymond pioneered a new way of understanding and describing the folk practices of the hacker community. His analysis, which centered on the idea of distributed peer review, had an immediate and strong appeal both within and (rather unexpectedly) outside the hacker culture. Raymond's presentation triggered Netscape's release of Netscape's source code as free software. http://www.opensource.org/history The Model (Linus' Law)

● Connections, or “given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow” – Two sides (both finding errors, and developing solutions)

The Folk Practices of the Hacker Community Eric Raymond: Cathedral and the Bazaar

1. Every good work of software starts by scratching a developer's personal itch. 2. Good programmers know what to write. Great ones know what to rewrite (and reuse). 3. Plan to throw one away; you will, anyhow. 4. If you have the right attitude, interesting problems will find you. 5. When you lose interest in a program, your last duty to it is to hand it off to a competent successor. 6. Treating your users as co-developers is your least-hassle route to rapid code improvement and effective debugging. 7. Release early. Release often. And listen to your customers. 8. Given a large enough beta-tester and co-developer base, almost every problem will be characterized quickly and the fix obvious to someone. 9. Smart data structures and dumb code works a lot better than the other way around. 10. If you treat your beta-testers as if they're your most valuable resource, they will respond by becoming your most valuable resource. 11. The next best thing to having good ideas is recognizing good ideas from your users. Sometimes the latter is better. 12. Often, the most striking and innovative solutions come from realizing that your concept of the problem was wrong. 13. Perfection (in design) is achieved not when there is nothing more to add, but rather when there is nothing more to take away. 14. Any tool should be useful in the expected way, but a truly great tool lends itself to uses you never expected. 15. When writing gateway software of any kind, take pains to disturb the data stream as little as possible—and never throw away information unless the recipient forces you to! 16. When your language is nowhere near Turing-complete, syntactic sugar can be your friend. 17. A security system is only as secure as its secret. Beware of pseudo-secrets. 18. To solve an interesting problem, start by finding a problem that is interesting to you. 19. Provided the development coordinator has a communications medium at least as good as the Internet, and knows how to lead without coercion, many heads are inevitably better than one.

The open-source movement and agile programming may be converging. I had one of those moments where everything comes together in your head with a great ringing crash and the world assumes a new shape — a moment not unlike the one I had in late 1996 when I got the central insight that turned into The Cathedral and the Bazaar: ...open source, agile programming, how they are related, and why the connection should be interesting even to programmers with no stake in either movement. Eric Raymond. http://www.artima.com/forums/flat.jsp?forum=106&thread=5342

Agile Principles

● Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software. ● Welcome changing requirements, even late in development. Agile processes harness change for the customer's competitive advantage. ● Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with a preference to the shorter timescale. ● Business people and developers must work together daily throughout the project. ● Build projects around motivated individuals. Give them the environment and support they need, and trust them to get the job done. ● The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development team is face-to-face conversation. ● Working software is the primary measure of progress. ● Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors, developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely. ● Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility. ● Simplicity--the art of maximizing the amount of work not done--is essential. ● The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-organizing teams. ● At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then tunes and adjusts ● its behavior accordingly. Open Source Maturity Model (not of the artifact, but of the organization)

● Existing methodologies

● OSI Open Source Scorecard (http://www.opensource.org/node/476)

● Open Source Maturity Model (OSMM) from Capgemini

● Open Source Maturity Model (OSMM) from Navica

● Methodology of Qualification and Selection of Open Source software (QSOS)

● Open Business Readiness Rating (OpenBRR)

● Open Business Quality Rating (OpenBQR)

● QualiPSo OpenSource Maturity Model (OMM)

● QualiPSo Model for Open Source Software Tustworthiness (MOSST)

● QualOSS - Quality of Open Source – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSource_Maturity_Model

QualiPSo OpenSource Maturity Model (not of the artifact, the organization)

Openness Maturity Model (Causality and Assessment)

Humility Meritocracy Continuous Business Feedback Intelligence Evidence- Rubrics Maturity Based Rapid Feedback Use Cases Collaboration Honesty Incremental Storytelling Self-Organizing Development Groups Bottom-up Participation Emergence Transparency Decentralization

Courage Communication Simplicity Web2.0 Values Principles Objectives Practices (1) (2) (3) (4) The Open Maturity Model allows assessment to measure openness (practices) and a guidelines for authenticity.

What is the point?

● Open methods are now seen as a viable and feasible means for resource development. ● We don't need anymore open initiatives. ● OSS communities provide an excellent model for other organizations supporting OER. ● Open Source and Agile development principles enable specific practices, to engage authentically.

Thank you...

With much appreciation for their contributions: Michael Feldstein Greg Ketcham Phil Long Nancy Motondo John Olsavsky Gary Schwartz George Siemens

SUNY CIT 2012 Program Committee