Open Systems in Practice and Theory
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Army Acquisition Workforce Dependency on E-Mail for Formal
ARMY ACQUISITION WORKFORCE DEPENDENCY ON E-MAIL FOR FORMAL WORK COORDINATION: FINDINGS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR WORKFORCE PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT THROUGH E-MAIL-BASED SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS KENNETH A. LORENTZEN May 2013 PUBLISHED BY THE DEFENSE ACQUISITION UNIVERSITY PRESS PROJECT ADVISOR: BOB SKERTIC CAPITAL AND NORTHEAST REGION, DAU THE SENIOR SERVICE COLLEGE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY .ARMY ACQUISITION WORKFORCE DEPENDENCY ON E-MAIL FOR FORMAL WORK COORDINATION: FINDINGS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR WORKFORCE PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT THROUGH E-MAIL-BASED SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS KENNETH A. LORENTZEN May 2013 PUBLISHED BY THE DEFENSE ACQUISITION UNIVERSITY PRESS PROJECT ADVISOR: BOB SKERTIC CAPITAL AND NORTHEAST REGION, DAU THE SENIOR SERVICE COLLEGE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY ii Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ ii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ vi Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1—Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 Background and Motivation ................................................................................................. -
Producing Open Source Software How to Run a Successful Free Software Project
Producing Open Source Software How to Run a Successful Free Software Project Karl Fogel Producing Open Source Software: How to Run a Successful Free Software Project by Karl Fogel Copyright © 2005-2018 Karl Fogel, under the CreativeCommons Attribution-ShareAlike (4.0) license. Version: 2.3098 Home site: http://producingoss.com/ Dedication This book is dedicated to two dear friends without whom it would not have been possible: Karen Under- hill and Jim Blandy. i Table of Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................. vi Why Write This Book? ............................................................................................... vi Who Should Read This Book? .................................................................................... vii Sources ................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... viii For the first edition (2005) ................................................................................ viii For the second edition (2017) ............................................................................... x Disclaimer .............................................................................................................. xiii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... -
Linux at 25 PETERHISTORY H
Linux at 25 PETERHISTORY H. SALUS Peter H. Salus is the author of A n June 1991, at the USENIX conference in Nashville, BSD NET-2 was Quarter Century of UNIX (1994), announced. Two months later, on August 25, Linus Torvalds announced Casting the Net (1995), and The his new operating system on comp.os.minix. Today, Android, Google’s Daemon, the Gnu and the Penguin I (2008). [email protected] version of Linux, is used on over two billion smartphones and other appli- ances. In this article, I provide some history about the early years of Linux. Linus was born into the Swedish minority of Finland (about 5% of the five million Finns). He was a “math guy” throughout his schooling. Early on, he “inherited” a Commodore VIC- 20 (released in June 1980) from his grandfather; in 1987 he spent his savings on a Sinclair QL (released in January 1984, the “Quantum Leap,” with a Motorola 68008 running at 7.5 MHz and 128 kB of RAM, was intended for small businesses and the serious hobbyist). It ran Q-DOS, and it was what got Linus involved: One of the things I hated about the QL was that it had a read-only operating system. You couldn’t change things ... I bought a new assembler ... and an editor.... Both ... worked fine, but they were on the microdrives and couldn’t be put on the EEPROM. So I wrote my own editor and assembler and used them for all my programming. Both were written in assembly language, which is incredibly stupid by today’s standards. -
Understanding Individuals' Attachment to Social Networking Sites
Understanding Individuals’ Attachment to Social Networking Sites: An Empirical Investigation of Three Theories by Eric T. K. Lim M.Sc. (Information Systems), National University of Singapore, 2007 B.Comm. (Hons.), Nanyang Technological University, 2003 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Segal Graduate School Beedie School of Business Eric T. K. Lim 2013 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2013 Approval Name: Eric T. K. Lim Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (Business Administration) Title of Thesis: Understanding Individuals’ Attachment to Social Networking Sites: An Empirical Investigation of Three Theories Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Tom Lawrence Professor, Academic Director, PhD Program Dr. Dianne Cyr Senior Supervisor Professor Dr. Andrew Gemino Co-Supervisor Professor Dr. Leyland Pitt Internal Examiner Professor Dr. Matthew Lee External Examiner Chair Professor Department of Information Systems College of Business City University of Hong Kong Date Defended/Approved: March 27, 2013 ii Partial Copyright Licence iii Ethics Statement iv Abstract Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are a pervasive phenomenon in today’s society. With greater connectivity and interactivity enabled via web technologies, SNSs provide communication platforms for individuals to bridge geographical and temporal differences when making friends, sharing experiences, socializing with others and much more. This thesis therefore endeavors to shed light on this problem by decomposing members’ motives for participating within SNSs into identity-based, bond-based and comparison- based attachments. Each of these forms of attachment in turn affects members’ cooperative and competitive mentality towards participation within SNSs. In addition, it is further posited in this thesis that members’ identity-based, bond-based and comparison- based attachment within SNSs can be induced through the presence of deindividuation, personalization and tournament technologies respectively. -
History of Linux from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
History of Linux From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The history of Linux began in 1991 with the commencement of a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel. Since then, the resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history. Since the initial release of its source code in 1991, it has grown from a small number of C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4.2.3 version in 2015 with more than 18 million lines of source code under the GNU General Public License v2.[1](p7)[2][3] Contents 1 Events leading to creation 2 The creation of Linux 3 Naming 4 Linux under the GNU GPL 5 GNU/Linux naming controversy 6 Official mascot 7 New development 7.1 Community 7.2 Open Source Development Lab and Linux Foundation 7.3 Companies 7.4 Desktop environments 8 "Linux is obsolete" 9 Competition from Microsoft 10 SCO 11 Trademark rights 12 Chronology 13 See also 14 References 15 External links Events leading to creation After AT&T had dropped out of the Multics project, the Unix operating system was conceived and implemented by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie (both of AT&T Bell Laboratories) in 1969 and first released in 1970. Later they rewrote it in a new programming language, C, to make it portable. The availability and portability of Unix caused it to be widely adopted, copied and modified by academic institutions and businesses. In 1977, the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was developed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) from UC Berkeley, based on the 6th edition of Unix from AT&T. -
GNU/Linux Operating System
A Bibliography of Publications about the GNU/Linux Operating System Nelson H. F. Beebe University of Utah Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB 155 S 1400 E RM 233 Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 USA Tel: +1 801 581 5254 FAX: +1 801 581 4148 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (Internet) WWW URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/ 07 April 2021 Version 2.135 Title word cross-reference [Tho05]. 0-13-167984-8 [Sta07b]. 0-596-00482-6 [Sch04]. 0-7821-4428-4 [Koh06]. '03 [ACM03b]. 046 [Sav11]. '05 [ACM05b, MS05]. + [Ste01e]. $100 [CS95]. $39.95 [Sch04]. $44.99 [Sta07b]. $49.95 [Jen05]. $49.99 1 [FOP06, Jen05, She03]. 1-59327-036-4 [Hid04, Tho05]. $59.99 [Koh06]. $99 [Jen05]. 1-GHz [Ano03b]. 1.0 [Coc01]. 1.2 [Kro00]. = [Ste01e]. × [Hun99]. [Gar98]. 1.x [KGG00]. 10 [DWV06]. 10-Gigabit [cFJH+03]. 10th [USE96a]. * [TYKZ07]. */ [TYKZ07]. *BSD [Den99a]. 12-step [Mil01]. 12th [MS05]. 1394 *icomment [TYKZ07]. [Ale00, HKP09]. 14-16 [ACM06]. 18th [KD96]. 1999 [Den99b, Tim99]. 19th -dienste [WF03]. [ACM03b, SS05b]. 1Z0 [Sav11]. 1Z0-046 [Sav11]. /*icomment [TYKZ07]. /GNOME [Wri00, Pen99]. 2 [Ano94c, Com00, Com03, Gab07, MK04]. 2.0 [B¨ol01, Car98, McN99, PF97, Swe01]. 0 [Hid04, Koh06, Sch04, Sta07b, Tho05]. 2.0.1 [ISO05]. 2.1 [BR95, CV00]. 2.2 0-13-101415-3 [Hid04]. 0-13-144853-6 1 2 [Ano00b, BB99b, Bra04]. 2.4 [Cal00]. 2.6 [Mon00b, GR09]. Action [NR03]. ActiveX [BS05, PTS+14, TCM07]. 2000 [Kro99]. activity [MB08]. Acumen [Kro99]. [Bru02, Kro00, MYH00, War01]. 2003 Ada [SB99]. Ada95 [Gar09]. -
Open Source Software Licenses: Perspectives of the End User and the Software Developer
White Paper: Open Source Software Licenses: Perspectives of the End User and the Software Developer By: Paul H. Arne Morris, Manning & Martin, L.L.P. Copyright © 2004 Morris, Manning & Martin, L.L.P. All rights reserved Table of Contents History of Open Source .........................................................................................................................2 Open Source Licenses Generally ..........................................................................................................3 Copyright Issues .........................................................................................................................3 Contract Considerations..............................................................................................................4 Limitation of Liability Clause.....................................................................................................5 Other Implied Warranties ...........................................................................................................6 UCITA ........................................................................................................................................6 Parties to License........................................................................................................................6 Specific Open Source Licenses..............................................................................................................7 GNU General Public License (GPL) ..........................................................................................7 -
Introduction to Free Software-SELF
Introduction to Free Software Jordi Mas Hernández (coordinador) David Megías Jiménez (coordinador) Jesús M. González Barahona Joaquín Seoane Pascual Gregorio Robles XP07/M2101/02708 © FUOC • XP07/M2101/02708 Introduction to Free Software Jordi Mas Hernández David Megías Jiménez Jesús M. González Barahona Founding member of Softcatalà and Computer Science Engineer by the Professor in the Department of Tele- of the telematic network RedBBS. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona matic Systems and Computation of He has worked as a consultant in (UAB, Spain). Master in Advanced the Rey Juan Carlos University (Ma- companies like Menta, Telépolis, Vo- Process Automatisation Techniques drid, Spain), where he coordinates dafone, Lotus, eresMas, Amena and by the UAB. PhD. in Computer Sci- the research group LibreSoft. His Terra España. ence by the UAB. Associate Profes- professional areas of interest include sor in the Computer Science, Multi- the study of free software develop- media and Telecommunication De- ment and the transfer of knowledge partment of the Universitat Oberta in this field to the industrial sector. de Catalunya (UOC, Spain) and Di- rector of the Master Programme in Free Software at the UOC. Joaquín Seoane Pascual Gregorio Robles PhD. Enigeer of Telecommunicati- Assistant professor in the Rey Juan ons in the Politechnical University Carlos University (Madrid, Spain), of Madrid (Spain). He has worked where he acquired his PhD. de- in the private sector and has al- gree in February 2006. Besides his so taught in the Computer Scien- teaching tasks, he researches free ce Faculty of that same university. software development from the Nowadays he is professor in the De- point of view of software enginee- partment of Telematic Systems En- ring, with special focus in quantitati- gineering, and has taught courses ve issues. -
Quarterly Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector
Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly http://nvs.sagepub.com/ A Network Perspective on State-Society Synergy to Increase Community-Level Social Capital Danielle M. Varda Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 2011 40: 896 originally published online 6 August 2010 DOI: 10.1177/0899764010378171 The online version of this article can be found at: http://nvs.sagepub.com/content/40/5/896 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action Additional services and information for Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly can be found at: Email Alerts: http://nvs.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://nvs.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://nvs.sagepub.com/content/40/5/896.refs.html Downloaded from nvs.sagepub.com at UNIV OF COLORADO LIBRARY on September 22, 2011 >> Version of Record - Sep 14, 2011 Proof - Aug 6, 2010 What is This? Downloaded from nvs.sagepub.com at UNIV OF COLORADO LIBRARY on September 22, 2011 Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 40(5) 896 –923 A Network Perspective © The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: http://www. on State-Society Synergy sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0899764010378171 to Increase Community- http://nvsq.sagepub.com Level Social Capital Danielle M. Varda1 Abstract “Can state–society synergy be created in the short run, or does it require historically deep institutional and normative foundations?” In other words, what role can an outside party—such as a government or state actor—play in constructing social capital when it is not a permanent fixture of the existing interrelationships within a community? Taking a network perspective, this exploratory research examines community-level social capital outcomes of a government-led intervention. -
YOUTH PROGRAMS AS BUILDERS of SOCIAL CAPITAL Community Development to Help Us Better Understand How the Two Are Interconnected
Through the lens of social capital, service-learning takes on greater meaning for rural youth, adults, and communities. 5 A community development approach to service-learning: Building social capital between rural youth and adults Steven A. Henness, Anna L. Ball, MaryJo Moncheski social capital brings something new to youth and community development perspectives that has not yet been fully explained by other approaches. By shifting the focus from the individual to the community, social capital allows us to better understand the broad public value of education and youth programs. Because social capi- tal is not age specifi c, it provides insights into cross-generational networks and connections that support building more inclusive communities. Social capital can help explain why some youth are more likely to get by or get ahead, why some adults are more effec- tive within leadership roles or professions, and why some commu- nities are better able to address poverty, bounce back from natural disasters, or seize new economic opportunities. In these ways, social capital can be a bridge between youth development and The opinions, fi ndings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily refl ect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NEW DIRECTIONS FOR YOUTH DEVELOPMENT, NO. 138, SUMMER 2013 © WILEY PERIODICALS, INC. Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) • DOI: 10.1002/yd.20059 75 76 YOUTH PROGRAMS AS BUILDERS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL community development to help us better understand how the two are interconnected. Using 4-H and FFA case study fi ndings, we explore how com- munity service-learning supports the building of social capital between rural youth and adults and the positive effects this has on community viability. -
Commercializing Open Source Software: Do Property Rights Still Matter?
Columbia Law School Scholarship Archive Faculty Scholarship Faculty Publications 2006 Commercializing Open Source Software: Do Property Rights Still Matter? Ronald J. Mann Columbia Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Computer Law Commons, and the Intellectual Property Law Commons Recommended Citation Ronald J. Mann, Commercializing Open Source Software: Do Property Rights Still Matter?, 20 HARV. J. L. & TECH. 1 (2006). Available at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/739 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarship Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HarvardJournal of Law & Technology Volume 20, Number 1 Fall 2006 COMMERCIALIZING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE: Do PROPERTY RIGHTS STILL MATTER? Ronald J Mann* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. IN TRO DU CTIO N .................................................................................. 1 11. THE LANDSCAPE .......................................................................... 5 A. The ProprietarySoftware Model .............................................. 5 1. Formation and Maturation of the Proprietary Software Industry ......................................................................... 5 2. Software Licensing Under Proprietary Models .................... 8 3. -
Professional Linux Programming.Pdf
01_776130 ffirs.qxp 2/2/07 10:13 PM Page iii Professional Linux® Programming Jon Masters Richard Blum 01_776130 ffirs.qxp 2/2/07 10:13 PM Page ii 01_776130 ffirs.qxp 2/2/07 10:13 PM Page i Professional Linux® Programming 01_776130 ffirs.qxp 2/2/07 10:13 PM Page ii 01_776130 ffirs.qxp 2/2/07 10:13 PM Page iii Professional Linux® Programming Jon Masters Richard Blum 01_776130 ffirs.qxp 2/2/07 10:13 PM Page iv Professional Linux® Programming Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2007 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Masters, Jon, 1981- Professional Linux programming / Jon Masters, Richard Blum. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN: 978-0-471-77613-0 (paper/website) 1. Linux. 2. Operating systems (Computers) I. Blum, Richard, 1962- II. Title. QA76.76.O63M37153 2007 005.4’32—dc22 2006102202 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600.