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Blu-Ray Technology.Pdf Blu-ray TECHNOLOGY A SEMINAR REPORT Submitted by NISHAD SUBAIR in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, KOCHI-682022 AUGUST 2008 DIVISION OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY KOCHI-682022 Certificate Certified that this is a bonafide record of the seminar entitled “Blu-ray TECHNOLOGY” done by the following student NISHAD SUBAIR th of the VII semester,Computer Science and Engineering in the year 2008 in partial fulfillment of the requirements to the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering of Cochin University of Science and Technology. Mr. Pramod Pavithran Dr.David Peter S Seminar Guide Head of the Division Date: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At the outset , I thank the lord almighty for giving me the grace , strength and hope to make my endeavor a success . I express my deep felt gratitude to Dr .David Peter S , Head Of the Division , Computer Science & Engineering for his constant encouragement . I am profoundly grateful to Mr. Pramod Pavithran, Reader , Division Of Computer Science , seminar guide for his valuable guidance , support , suggestions and encouragement . Furthermore I would like to thank all others especially my parents and numerous friends . My seminar would not have been a success without the inspiration , valuable suggestions and moral support from them throughout its course. NISHAD SUBAIR ABSTRACT Blu-ray is the name of a next-generation optical disc format jointly developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), a group of the world's leading consumer electronics, personal computer and media manufacturers.The format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video (HD), as well as storing large amounts of data. The format offers more than five times the storage capacity of traditional DVDs and can hold up to 25GB on a single-layer disc and 50GB on a dual-layer disc. This extra capacity combined with the use of advanced video and audio codecs will offer consumers an unprecedented HD experience. While current optical disc technologies such as DVD, DVD±R, DVD±RW, and DVD-RAM rely on a red laser to read and write data, the new format uses a blue-violet laser instead, hence the name Blu-ray. Despite the different type of lasers used, Blu-ray products can easily be made backwards compatible with CDs and DVDs through the use of a BD/DVD/CD compatible optical pickup unit.Blu ray also promises some added security, making ways for copyright protections. Blu-ray discs can have a unique ID written on them to have copyright protection inside the recorded streams. Blu .ray disc takes the DVD technology one step further, just by using a laser with a nice color. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO. LIST OF TABLES……………………………..... iii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………... iv LIST OF SYMBOLS…………………………… v 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 What is a blu-ray disc?...........…………….… 1 1.2 Why the name blu-ray?……………….…….. 2 1.3 Who developed blu-ray?……………………… 2 2 BLU-RAY TECHNOLOGY 2.1 Introduction to Blu-ray technology …………… 3 2.2 Optimization of the cover layer thickness……… 5 2.3 Laser technology……………………………… 8 2.3.1 Diodes ………………………………………. 9 2.4 Hard-Coating technology...…………………… 11 2.5 Contribution of high NA to the large capacity... 12 2.6 Disc structure……………………………....... 14 3 SPECIFICATION OF BLU-RAY 18 3.1 Technical Details……………………………… 18 3.2 Formats………………………………………… 19 3.3 Data rate………………………………………. 19 3.4 Codecs…………………………………………. 19 3.5 Variations……………………………………… 20 3.6 Compatibility……………………………… … 20 3.7 Recorders………………………………………… 21 3.8 Security Features……………..…………….…… 21 4 OTHER CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES 23 4.1 Current storage devices………………………..... 23 4.2 Blu-ray vs VHS……………………................... 23 4.3 Blu-ray vs other storage devices…….................. 23 4.3.1 Comparison between BD & DVD ……………… 24 5 NEXT GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES 26 5.1 Blu-ray Vs HD-DVD…………………………. 26 5.2 Upcoming of rivals……………………………. 26 5.3 HD DVD as a contestee……………………….. 26 5.4 Comparison of formats………………………... 27 6 LATEST NEWS………………………..………….. 29 7 CONCLUSION…………………….………………… 33 REFERENCES …………………………………….. 34 .LIST OF TABLES. 3.1 Technical specification of Blu-ray. 18 4.1 Comparing BDROM & DVDROM. 24 5.1 Comparing Blu-ray & HDDVD. 28 iii LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Blu-ray logo 1 2.1 CD vs DVD vs BD 4 2.2 Evolution of pakage media for movie 5 2.3 Numerical Aperture 6 2.4 Aberration caused by disc inclination. 7 2.5 Cd vs dvd vs BD recording. 9 2.6 Blu-ray disc cross section. 12 2.7 High capacity contribution. 13 2.8 Necessity of 0.1 mm cover layer. 14 2.9 Single layer disc. 15 2.10 Dual layer disc. 16 2.11 Focussing the laser beam in a dual layer disc. 17 3.1 A blu-ray disc on a blu-ray disc player. 21 6.1 U.S. BD Software Sales Comparison Jan-Apr 2007 v. Jan-Apr 2008 29 6.2 Hitachi Camcorder 30 6.3 VAIO Blu-ray Disc Revolution 31 iv LIST OF SYMBOLS GB Giga Byte. BD Blu-ray Disc. LD Laser Diodes. CD Compact Disc . VHS Video Home System. SD Standard Definition. NA Numerical Aperture. DVD Digital Versatile Disc. AOD Advanced Optical Disc. BDF Blu-ray Disc Founders. BD R Blu-ray Disc Recordable. BD RW Blu-ray Disc Rewritable. AVC Advanced Video Coding. BDA Blu-ray Disc Association. HDTV High Definition TeleVision. MPEG Motion Pictures Experts Group. BD ROM Blu-ray Disc Read Only Memory . AACS Advanced Access Content System. HD-DVD High Definition Digital Versatile Disc . v Blu-ray Technology 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 What is a Blu-ray disc? Blu-ray disc is a next-generation optical disc format jointly developed by a group of leading consumer electronics and PC companies called the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), which succeeds the Blu-ray Disc Founders (BDF). Because it uses blue lasers, which have shorter wavelengths than traditional red lasers, it can store substantially more data in the same amount of physical space as previous technologies such as DVD and CD. A current, single-sided, standard DVD can hold 4.7 GB (gigabytes) of information. That's about the size of an average two-hour, standard-definition movie with a few extra features. But a high-definition movie, which has a much clearer image, takes up about five times more bandwidth and therefore requires a disc with about five times more storage. As TV sets and movie studios make the move to high definition, consumers are going to need playback systems with a lot more storage capacity. The advantage to Blu-ray is the sheer amount of information it can hold : • A single-layer Blu-ray disc, which is roughly the same size as a DVD, can hold up to 27 GB of data — that's more than two hours of high-definition video or about 13 hours of standard video. • A double-layer Blu-ray disc can store up to 54 GB, enough to hold about 4.5 hours of high-definition video or more than 20 hours of standard video. And there are even plans in the works to develop a disc with twice that amount of storage. Blu-ray’s official logo is as shown in figure 1.1 FIGURE 1.1 Blu-ray logo Division Of Computer Science , School Of Engineering ,CUSAT - 1 - Blu-ray Technology 1.2 Why the name Blu-ray? The name Blu-ray is derived from the underlying technology, which utilizes a blue- violet laser to read and write data. The name is a combination of "Blue" and optical ray "Ray". According to the Blu-ray Disc Association, the spelling of "Blu-ray" is not a mistake. The character "e" is intentionally left out because a daily-used term cant be registered as a trademark. 1.3 Who developed Blu-ray? The Blu-ray Disc format was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association 1BDA), a group of leading consumer electronics and PC companies with more than 130 members from all over the world. The Board of Directors currently consists of: Apple Computer Inc. Dell Inc. Helewlett Packard Company Hitachi Ltd. LG Electronics Inc. Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Pioneer Corporation Royal-Philips Electronics Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd Sharp Corporation Sony Corporation TDK Corporation Thomson Multimedia Walt Disney Pictures Division Of Computer Science , School Of Engineering ,CUSAT - 2 - Blu-ray Technology 2. BLU-RAY TECHNOLOGY 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO BLU-RAY TECHNOLOGY The standards for 12-cm optical discs, CDs,DVDs, and Blu-ray rewritable discs (BD-RE Standard) were established in 1982, 1996, and 2002,respectively. The recording capacity required by applications was the important issue when these standards were decided (See fig 2.1). The requirement for CDs was 74 minutes of recording 2- channel audio signals and a capacity of about 800 MB. For DVDs, the requirement as a video disc was the recording of a movie with a length of two hours and fifteen minutes using the SD (Standard Definition) with MPEG-2 compression. The capacity was determined to be 4.7 GB considering the balance with image quality. In the case of the Blu-ray Disc, abbreviated as BD hereafter, a recording of an HDTV digital broadcast greater than two hours is needed since the BS digital broadcast started in 2000 and terrestrial digital broadcast has begun in 2003. It was a big motivation for us to realize the recorder using the optical disc. In a DVD recorder, received and decoded video signals are compressed by an MPEG encoder and then recorded on the disc.
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