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Uzbekistan Country Gender Assessment: Update

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Uzbekistan Country Gender Assessment: Update UZBEKISTANUZBEKISTAN COUNTRYCOUNTRYCoUNTry GENDER GENDERGENdEr ASSESSMENTASSESSMENTASSESSmENT UPDATEUPDATEupdate DECEMBERDECEMBERdecember 2018 2018 ASIAN DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT BANK UZbekistan COUNTRY GENDER Assessment UPDATE DECEMBER 2018 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2018 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2018. ISBN 978-92-9261-484-3 (print), 978-92-9261-485-0 (electronic) Publication Stock No. TCS199904 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS199904 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisions and terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributed to another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it. ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. Please contact [email protected] if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wish to obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to use the ADB logo. Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars. Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda. On the cover: Empowering women and girls. ADB-supported projects in Uzbekistan help improve girls’ and women’s access to education, training, employment, and livelihood opportunities (photos by Women's Committee of Uzbekistan and ADB). Printed on recycled paper Contents TABLES, FIGURES, AND BOXES v FOREWORD vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xi ABBREVIATIONS xxiii GLOSSARY xxiv I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Methodology 1 B. Gender Equality Issues 2 C. Gender and Development Indicators 3 D. Overview of International Commitments 5 II. CROSSCUTTING GENDER EQUALITY ISSUES 9 A. Sex-Disaggregated Data and Statistics 9 B. Women’s Political Participation 9 C. Employment and the Labor Market 11 D. Gender Roles and Norms 15 E. Property Rights and Access to Resources 16 III. MAINSTREAMING GENDER IN ADB OPERATIONS, BY SECTOR 18 A. Energy 18 B. Water Supply and Sanitation 25 C. Finance 34 D. Housing for the Integrated Rural Development Investment Program 45 E. Agriculture and Natural Resources 50 F. Transport and Roads 56 G. Health 62 H. Education 66 iv Contents APPENDIXES 75 1 Sex-Disaggregation of the Employed, by Sector, 2015 75 2 Gender Policy Implementation by Some Participating Commercial Banks, 2017 76 REFERENCES 78 TABLES, FIGURES, AND BOXES Tables 1 Basic Statistics 3 2 Sex-Disaggregation in Decision-Making Bodies, 2017 10 3 Sex-Disaggregation of Uzbekenergo JSC Staff 19 4 Access to Water Supply and Sanitation, 2014–2016 26 5 Sex-Disaggregation of Water Supply Sector Staff, 2014–2016 28 6 Sex-Disaggregation of Urban and Rural Population, January 2018 50 7 Sex-Disaggregation of Automobile, River, and Railway Transport Staff, 2014–2016 58 8 Sex-Disaggregation in Professional Medical Educational Institutions 65 and among Work Personnel 9 Enrollment in Secondary General and Secondary Special Education, 68 2016–2017 Academic Year 10 Sex-Disaggregation of Management in Secondary General Education 71 11 Sex-Disaggregation of Female Staff in Higher Education 73 Figures 1 Average Monthly Nominal Accrued Wages of Employees, by Sphere 12 of Economic Activity, 2016 2 Women-Led Businesses, by Sector, 2017 35 3 Commercial Bank in Support of Women Entrepreneurs 38 4 Teachers (Core Staff), Academic Year 2015–2016 70 vi Tables, Figures, and Boxes Boxes 1 Uzbekistan National Action Plan, 2014–2016 7 2 Talimarjan Power Project—Outcomes of the Gender Action Plan 21 3 Advanced Electricity Metering Project—Outcomes of Gender Action Plan 23 4 Surkhandarya Water Supply and Sanitation Project—Outcomes 30 of the Gender Action Plan 5 Water Supply and Sanitation in the Andijan Region—Outcomes 31 of the Gender Action Plan 6 Water Resource Management Project—Outcomes of the Gender Action Plan 32 7 Outcomes of Human Resources Gender Policy in Participating Commercial Banks 43 8 Outcomes of Clientele-Oriented Gender Policy in Participating Commercial Banks 44 9 Housing for Integrated Rural Development Investment Program— 49 Outcomes of the Gender Action Plan 10 Horticulture Value Chain Development Project— 54 Outcomes of the Gender Action Plan 11 Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridor 2 Road Investment Project— 61 Outcomes of the Gender Action Plan FOREWORD ooperation between the Women’s Committee of Uzbekistan and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) began in the 2000s, when ADB supported the publication of Cthe “Women and Men in Uzbekistan 2007–2010: Statistical Bulletin.” statistical collection. Since then, various projects and initiatives aimed at achieving gender equality in Uzbekistan have been implemented in close collaboration with ADB. One direction that collaboration has taken is country gender assessments (CGAs). This CGA update is the third in the series, following the first two in 2005 and 2014. Since it gained independence in 1991, the Republic of Uzbekistan has made gender equality a fundamental democratic principle, enshrined in the Constitution. The country has acceded to over 60 international human rights agreements and joined some international organizations and covenants that promote gender equality and protection of women’s rights. Uzbekistan ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in 1995. Since then, it has regularly endorsed and implemented CEDAW national action plans. The WCU is the main driving force for gender equality in the country. It has operational branches in each administrative–territorial body, headed by the deputy head of administration on women. The government provides continuing support to the WCU. A recent decree of the President identified measures to dramatically improve interventions that support women and strengthen the family as an institution. In this context, gender analysis and assessment of projects and initiatives was seen to improve the situation of women and men are timely and constitute an integral part of WCU efficiency. This CGA update, prepared by ADB in close cooperation with the WCU, is a comprehensive analysis of the socioeconomic aspects of gender equality in Uzbekistan. It covers a wide range of issues related to women’s empowerment through increased economic activity in various sectors. The recommendations presented here can be used as basis for developing a long- term strategy for the collaboration of WCU and ADB, including programs aimed at increasing women’s employment and income generation, traditional gender stereotypes, and further enhance the role and status of women in Uzbekistan. viii Foreword Directed at at a broad range of readers, this document uses data from consultations with government officials and ADB experts. Information support and expert assessment of state agencies involved in the operational activities of ADB assisted in enriching and improving this publication. Special mention is made of the role played by the State Committee on Statistics, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Business Women’s Association, the National Bank of Uzbekistan, Hamkor Bank, Ipak Yuli Bank, Qishloq Qurilish Bank, and Ipoteka Bank, much-appreciated critical review and constructive comments were also received from different ministries and government agencies, specifically, the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations and the Ministry of Agriculture, and the joint-stock companies Uzbekenergo and Uzkommunhizmat. We hope that this CGA demonstrates our commitment to promote gender equality in Uzbekistan. Tanzila Narbayeva Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan Chair of the Women’s Committee of Uzbekistan ACKNOWLEDGMENTS his country gender assessment (CGA) update was prepared under the regional technical assistance project Strengthening Gender-Inclusive Growth in Central and West Asia T(RETA 9088) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Research for and writing of the report was done by Eleonora Fayzullaeva, gender consultant. The assessment process was managed and supervised by ADB’s Central and West Asia Department (CWRD) gender team under Mary Alice Rosero, social development specialist on gender and development.
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